Journal of Applied Horticulture最新文献

{"title":"Fruit characterization of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) local genotypes under coffee ecosystem of lower pulney hills in Tamil Nadu, India.","authors":"K. Chandrashekar, R. Vijayakumar, S. Subramanian, M. Kavino, A. J. Joel","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.08","url":null,"abstract":"n experiment was conducted to evaluation of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.,) local genotypes under coffee ecosystem of lower pulney hills at Horticultural Research Station, Thadiyankudisai and its adjoining areas, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during year 2016-2017 with an objective to characterize the promising local genotypes for commercial cultivation and studies of genetic improvement with jackfruit, five fruits of each of thirty five genotypes were evaluated based on IPGRI, 2000 (Bioversity international) jackfruit descriptor. Fruit characters viz., bearing habit, bearing position, clustering habit, shape, length, diameter, weight, stalk attachment, spine density per 25 cm2, fruit rind weight and flake characters viz., total weight of flakes per fruit, weight of individual flake with seed, weight of individual flake without seed, number of flakes per fruit, flakes: fruit ratio, rind: flakes ratio, flake length, flake width, shape of flake, flake colour. Results were evaluated by descriptive statistics viz., mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, standard error of mean. It was concluded that a more variation of fruit character was found under lower pulney hills of Tamil Nadu, it will help to breeder for accounting potential fruit character in future.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42375738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elimination of Potyvirus and Carlavirus from Infected shallot bulbs","authors":"P. H. Putri, S. Hidayat, D. Dinarti","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.07","url":null,"abstract":"Viral diseases on shallot in Indonesia has been reported and have important role in yield loss. Viral diseases are easily transmitted via infected bulbs in generations and in regions. Cultivation of virus-free bulbs is considered the most effective method of controlling viral diseases, so the production of virus-free bulb are important and necessary. Elimination of viruses on local cultivars was achieved using shoot tip culture combined with thermotherapy. In this research, the method for elimination of Potyvirus and Carlavirus from shallot bulbs was developed using combination of thermotherapy (30 °C, 37 °C, in homogenous and heterogenous condition) with different size of explant shoot tip culture (1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm). The result showed that virus-free plantlets could be derived from 1 mm-explant. Treatment combination of 2 mm-explant with homogenous temperture 37 °C was also able to eliminate virus.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47690523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of bio-plastic composites from the modified cassava starch and konjac glucomannan","authors":"B. A. Harsojuwono, S. Mulyani, I. W. Arnata","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.02","url":null,"abstract":"The production of bio-plastics from modified cassava starch and konjac glucomannan had been widely and dependently developed but still demonstrated characteristics that do not meet international quality standards. Therefore the key question for further exploration was to improve the protocol so as to develop a composite bio-plastic using the aforementioned materials. This study aimed to determine the ratio of modified cassava starch and konjac glucomannan and the concentration of acetic acid solution required to produce bioplastic composites with the best characteristics. This study followed a Factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors. Factor I was the ratio of the modified cassava starch and konjac glucomannan, and consisted of 5 levels namely 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0: 100. The factor II was the concentration of acetic acid which consisted of 5 levels, viz., 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 %. Each treatment combination was grouped into 4 blocks based on the processing time of making bio-plastic composites, resulting in an altogether 100 experimental units. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s multiple comparison tests. The results showed that the ratio of the modified cassava starch and konjac glucomannan, the concentration of acetic acid and its interaction had a very significant effect on the tensile strength, elongation at break, Young’s modulus, swelling and the degradation time of bio-plastic composites. The ratio of the modified cassava starch:konjac glucomannan :: 75:25 with supplemented with 1 % acetic acid produced the best bio-plastic composites with the desired characteristics viz., tensile strength of 1997.40 MPa, elongation at break of 8.90 %, Young’s modulus of 22442.70 MPa, swelling of 10.40 % and the degradation time of 6.33 days. The surface profile of bio-plastic composites in longitudinal appearance displayed presence of regular waveforms along with air cavities or regular pores. Bio-plastic composite profile in transverse appearance revealed arrangement of fibers in the form of regular nets and smooth cross links. These bio-plastic composites contained -OH, -CH, -C-C, -C=C, -NH and -C=O functional groups.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44011050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peanut shell compost as an alternative to peat and its effect on growth indices and properties of Viola spp. grown outdoors","authors":"Jalal Omidi, Samaneh Abdolmohammadi, A. Hatamzadeh, A. Mahboub khomami","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.10","url":null,"abstract":"Peanut shells, leftover as wastes from peanut planting, in combination with considerable amount of compost can be used as an alternative source to replace with peat in cultivation of ornamental plants. In this experiment, five treatments in a completely randomized design with three replications were conducted outdoors at Lahijan ornamental plants research station. The treatments comprised of 2 peat + 1 perlite + 0 Shells Peanut composts (control), 1.5 Peat + 1 perlite + 0.5 Shells peanut compost, 1 peat + 1 perlite + 1 Shells Peanut composts, 0.5 Peat + 1 perlite + 1.5 peanut shells compost, 0 peat + 1 perlite + 2 peanut shells compost. The estimated parameters included number of flowers, plant height, fresh and dry weight of canopy, root length, fresh and dry weight of roots, and physical and chemical properties of substrates on Viola spp. that were cultivated on them. The results showed that replacement with peanut shells compost had a significant effect on number of flowers, plant height, dry weight of canopy and fresh as well as dry weight of roots in comparison to control. Increasing levels of peanut shells compost caused reduction in bulk density and an increase in total porosity, water capacity and air fill porosity.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42315955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardization of time and method of propagation in avocado","authors":"P. Tripathi, G. Karunakaran","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.12","url":null,"abstract":"Avocado is propagated by seed in India. The plants produced from seeds are not uniform and take long time to start bearing and fruit quality is unreliable. The propagation of superior clones of avocado by vegetative method is essential to avoid these problems. Thus a study was conducted to standardize the method and time of propagation of avocado through vegetative means. There were four methods of multiplication namely veneer grafting, cleft grafting, Tbudding and patch budding which were performed in all the months of the year at CHES (IIHR), Chettalli. After 90 days of grafting , mean percent success was highest in cleft grafting (32.5%) while lower mean success was observed in veneer grafting (8.3%), Tbudding (7.5%)and patching budding (5.8%). Among different months, highest mean success was recorded in month of September (32.5%) followed by 22.5 per cent in the month of March and August. Among different combinations of months and propagation methods, highest success (70 %) was recorded in cleft grafting performed in the month of September. This was closely followed by same method done in the month of March (60%). The success in cleft grafting is higher than other three methods in all 12 months. The growth of the scion was higher in grafting methods than budding methods. The percent transplantable seedlings after one year were highest (60%) in cleft grafting done in the month of September. It was concluded that cleft grafting in the month of September and March was found most suitable for the vegetative propagation of avocado under humid tropical conditions.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44102924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflorescence and flower development in Thai aromatic coconut","authors":"K. Krisanapook, P. Anusornpornpong, T. Havananda, Kietsuda Luengwilai","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Basic information on the inflorescence and flower development of Thai aromatic dwarf coconut was developed. Histology of inflorescences of the Thai dwarf aromatic coconut, ‘Nam Hom’, was compared to that of a typical tall-type coconut. Both types had the same stages of inflorescence and flower development. ‘Nam Hom’ had the same or greater number of inflorescences than did the tall type at any of the developmental stages. During two years of reproductive development, floral morphogenesis took about one year, while sex determination occurred in 3-4 months before spadix opening. Despite the difference in number of bunches per year observed in the two coconut types, their inflorescence and flower development were not different in the length of time and in the time of occurrence.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45860580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of endophytic bacteria Bacillus subtilis EPC 5 on basal stem rot disease spread and nut yield in coconut plantations","authors":"L. Rajendran, G. Karthikeyan, T. Raguchander, R. Samiyappan","doi":"10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.36","url":null,"abstract":"The wood degrading fungi Ganoderma lucidum (Leys) Karst causing Basal Stem Rot (BSR) in coconut plantation is the most destructive disease in Southern India. The control of this soil borne pathogen is particularly complex due to their occurrence in dynamic environment at the interface of the root with the soil. Hence, combinations of biocontrol agents differing in their mode of action especially with endophyte have been explored. The endophytic bacteria Bacillus subtilis EPC 5 from healthy coconut palm root showed high inhibition activity among fifty five isolated strains. Further, talc-based formulation incorporating Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf1 and Trichoderma viride Tv1 were developed and used individually, in combination to manage highly virulent, laccase producing soil borne pathogen. The result indicated that soil application of above mentioned antagonist in combination @ 100 g each enriched with organic substrate for four times per year, significantly reduced the disease severity with high nut yield at two different locations of disease endemic areas.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43081363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flower longevity and quality attributes of gerbera cut flower affected by different nutrient solutions","authors":"M. Khalaj, M. Kanani","doi":"10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.43","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrition is the cornerstone of plant production. Here, efforts have been made to study the effect of different nutrient solutions from the Netherlands floriculture companies (S1; Schreurs, S2: Florist, and S3: Research Station for Floriculture and Greenhouse Vegetables(RSFGV) on two gerbera cultivars (‘Stanza’ and ‘Double Dutch’). Total chlorophyll index (SPAD), flower harvest per plant, flower stem height, disk diameter, total carbohydrate, lignin, and cell membrane stability were significantly affected by treatments. The highest number of cut flowers was harvested in RSFGV solution which was about 24% and 50% more than Florist and Schreurs solutions, respectively. Schreurs’s solution showed the best impact on cell membrane stability, total carbohydrate, and lignin production. Flowers stem height, disk diameter, and hemi-cellulose content were significantly increased by RSFGV solution. The cultivar ‘Double Dutch’ showed the highest cell membrane stability, total carbohydrate, hemi-cellulose, lignin, and vase life. Flower stem height was highest in the cultivar ‘Stanza’. The interaction of nutrient solution and cultivar affected the studied parameters significantly, and the highest vase life was obtained in the cultivar ‘Double Dutch’ fertigated with Schreurs solution (11.4 d). Results indicated that Schreurs and RSFGV solutions could be the proper solutions for producing high-quality cut gerberas commercially.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46777237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical factors affecting an efficient micropropagation protocol for Pyrus spinosa Forskk.","authors":"P. Tsoulpha, S. Alexandri, M. Tsaktsira","doi":"10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.33","url":null,"abstract":"Almond-leaved tree is one of the most commonly found native forest species in Greece, exhibiting valuable properties and thus suitable for multipurpose silviculture. Several critical factors were studied for the development of a successful micropropagation protocol of Pyrus spinosa juvenile trees. Newly immerged shoots of three-year-old plants, after their surface sterilization, were established on a modified MS nutrient medium (thiamine-HCl 1 mg L-1, nicotinic acid 1 mg L-1, pyridoxine-HCl 1 mg L-1) with 5 μΜ ΒΑ. Clean explants were transferred in the multiplication stage on a novel medium (Pear Medium 1), by adding 10 μΜ ΒΑ especially developed for Pyrus species. Due to poor culture development, the effect of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) on the improvement of regeneration was studied. The exposure of explants to 10 μmol m-2 s-1 for the first two weeks followed by exposure to 35 μmol m-2 s-1 for another two weeks, was proved essential for the good development of cultures promoting both multiplication and elongation of explants. For further enhancement of shoot regeneration, the use of Pear Medium 1 with five different combinations of growth regulators was tested (BA, IBA). The most beneficial for the development of good quality shoots was 5 μΜ ΒΑ+0.0246 μΜ ΙΒΑ (4.67±0.40 new shoots per explant, elongation 1.28±0.13 cm). As multiplication was mainly based on axillary branching and the production of new shoots was still relatively low, the orientation of explants (horizontal vs upright position) in relation to the medium was investigated. Regeneration of shoots almost tripled, reaching 13.67 new shoots per explant in the case of horizontal orientation after the removal of the apical part (0.2 cm). The most successful rooting procedure (rooting: 83.33±5.89 %, root no: 6.20±0.49 roots per plantlet, root length: 0.56±0.05 cm) consisted of an initial stage of root induction maintaining microshoots in complete darkness for seven days. The rooting medium was a modified MS (1⁄2 NH4NO3, 1⁄2 KNO3) supplemented with 24.6 μΜ ΙΒΑ. Microshoots were subsequently transferred to a root development stage in the same rooting medium without auxin, exposed to 10 μmol m-2 s-1 for another four weeks. Successful acclimatization (87.5 %) was achieved after six weeks on perlite.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48913736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The response of cutting position and auxin concentration on rooting and shooting of Araucaria heterophylla","authors":"Abera Tilahun, Begashaw Manahlie, G. Abebe, Genet Negash","doi":"10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.40","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to determine the effects of cutting position (tip, middle and basal) and different concentrations of IBA (IBA) (0, 5, 7.5 and 11g/L) on the rooting and shooting performance of Araucaria heterophylla. Two factorial experiments were conducted. Number of leaf, number of adventitious root and root length produced by cutting materials and the survival rates were measured. These parameters were significantly influenced by the interactive effect of cutting position and hormonal concentration. The interaction between tip cuttings and 11 g/L IBA concentration had higher root number, leaf number and root length as compared other interactions had not rooting and shooting performance on the cutting materials. Vegetative propagation of A. heterophylla through cuttings can be appropriately achieved by treating cuttings with IBA.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44134967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}