Journal of Applied Horticulture最新文献

{"title":"Applications of vegetation indices and biostimulators to the rooting of camellia cuttings","authors":"P. Hou, K. Lin, Yen-Jung Huang, Chun-Wei Wu, Yu-Sen Chang","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i02.19","url":null,"abstract":"There are no reports on biostimulators being used to stimulate the rooting process of camellia (Camellia japonica) cuttings. The influences of vegetation indices and biostimulators on the rooting of shoot cuttings of the camellia ‘Nine Bends’ were determined using the reflectance spectroscopy. Six root growth parameters were recorded, 81 days after sticking cuttings. Different groups of soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values were used. Higher SPAD and NDVI values were found to be most effective in predicting rooting stages and percentages, whereas root number and length and dry weight could not be predicted. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at a concentration of 2000 ppm alone or combined with three concentrations of thiamine (TA), ascorbic acid (AA) and catechol (CAT) were applied to cuttings of camellia. The maximum root number and dry weight were recorded in TA (1000 mg L-1) alone and IBA+TA (800 mg L-1). However, IBA+AA (1000 mg L-1) treated cuttings showed the highest rooting stage, root number, root length, and dry weight compared to other treatments. Cuttings treated with IBA+CAT (50 or 100 mg L-1) produced greater root number, length, and dry weight compared to other treatments. The effects of biostimulators applied to tea stem cuttings for raising camellia plants in the nursery would offer insights into the mechanism of its action in plant conservation, and there is a need to improve propagation technology.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42193384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro cormlet production- an efficient means for conservation in Ensete superbum (Roxb.) Cheesman","authors":"T. G. Ponni, A. Nair","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Ensete superbum from the family Musaceae is commonly known as Kallu vazha (wild/ rock/cliff banana). The species holds a precise position in the field of medicine for its anti-hyperglycemic, anti-diuretic and spermicidal potential as well as ornamental value in botanical gardens. Due to deforestation, habitat fragmentation, indiscriminate harvesting for commercial gain, absence of suckers, and recalcitrant nature of seeds; this species is facing a drastic reduction in its propagation. The present study developed a protocol for the production of cormlets from explants isolated from inflorescence. The explants were cultured on MS media supplemented with 4mg L-1 BAP and 1.5 mg L-1 KIN and an average of six to ten cormlets were produced/ explants within eight weeks. Shoot induction occurred from the cormlets on MS medium with 3mg L-1 IBA and 1.5 mg L-1 BAP. Cormlets inoculated on MS medium supplemented with 1000 mg L-1 glutamine for a period of four weeks enhanced the size of cormlets which in turn increased the number of shoots. An average of ten multiple shoots were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 5 mg L-1 BAP. Maximum rooting was obtained on half strength MS medium with 3 mg L-1 IBA, 0.1 mg L-1 BAP and 1% activated charcoal. The plantlets were transferred to Knop’s solution for acclimatization. Rooted plants were hardened successfully in cocopeat along with sand in 1:1 combination and transferred to soil with 98% survival rate.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44030835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed development and maturation in African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)","authors":"C. Murali, S. Jain, M. Joshi, A. Pandey","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46634842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and economic importance of viral diseases of pepper (Capsicum spp.) in Eastern Africa","authors":"B. Waweru, D. Kilalo, D. Miano, J. Kimenju, P. Rukundo","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.13","url":null,"abstract":"Pepper (Capsicum spp.) is an important vegetable crop in the Eastern Africa region where it is grown mainly by small-scale farmers. However, productivity of the crop is limited by many abiotic and biotic constraints. The abiotic constraints include high cost of seeds and inputs, shortage of improved varieties, drought, low soil fertility and lack of technical knowhow among others, while biotic constraints are dominated by diseases and insect pests. Numerous diseases especially those that are caused by viruses pose serious threats in pepper production. Currently, over 68 viruses are known to affect pepper on a worldwide scale and have serious impact on the quantity and quality of pepper produced. Out of the 68 viruses, 12 belonging to seven genera namely Potyvirus, Cucumovirus, Tobamovirus, Polerovirus, Tospovirus, Alfamovirus and Potexvirus have been reported in Eastern Africa. Pepper veinal mottle virus, Potato virus Y and Cucumber mosaic virus are the most widespread and damaging viruses in the region. Yield losses ranging from 10 to 100% in pepper production have been reported for various viruses namely; Pepper veinal mottle virus, Potato virus Y, Chilli veinal mottle virus, Ethiopian pepper mottle virus, Cucumber mosaic virus, Pepper mild mottle virus, Tobacco mosaic virus, Pepper vein yellows virus, Tomato spotted wilt virus, Alfaalfa mosaic virus and Potato virus X. This article provides an overview of the important pepper viruses occurring in Eastern Africa with reference to their geographic distribution, yield-losses, symptoms, transimission, management methods and research gaps that need to be addressed. It can be concluded that viruses are a major constraint to pepper production in the target region.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41424756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling individual leaf area of cress and radish using leaf dimensions and weight","authors":"M. H. Aminifard, H. Bayat, Mehdi Khayyat","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.04","url":null,"abstract":"Leaf area information is required in various horticultural and physiological studies. Leaf area measurements require easy, quick and possibly non-destructive methods. The objective of this study was to establish equations to estimate leaf area (LA) using length (L), width (W), fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW), length×width (L×W), length + width (L+W), width/length (W/L), length2 (L2) and width2 (W2) of cress (Lepidium sativum L.) leaves as a leafy vegetable and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) as a root vegetable. A soilcultured experiment was carried out in 2010 under greenhouse conditions to study relationship between leaf dimension and weight with LA of these two vegetable plants. Observed LA was obtained by an automatic measuring device and leaf dimensions were measured by a ruler. Regression analyses of LA versus L, W, FW, DW, L×W, L+W, W/L, L2 and W2 led several models that could be used for estimating the area of individual cress and radish leaves. A linear model employing FW as an independent variables [LA=0.295 (Fresh W.)+ 1.430] resulted in the most accurate estimate (R2 = 0.912, RMSE = 1.52) of cress LA. For radish, a linear model using W as an independent variable [LA=22.50 (W) + 7.46] showed the most accuracy (R2 = 0.874, RMSE = 11.26) estimating LA. Validation of the regression models showed that the correlation between measured and simulated values using these equations were quite acceptable (R2 = 0.922, 0.876).","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42751748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful community-based management of banana wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Tropical race-4 through ICAR-FUSICONT","authors":"T. Damodaran, S. Gopal, A. Yadav, P. K. Shukla, M. Muthukumar, N. Kumari, I. Ahmad, Sambhunath Jha, N. Deepak","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.06","url":null,"abstract":"The profitability of commercial G-9 banana cultivation in the banana growing countries is not only significantly reduced due to serious outbreak of wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Tropical race 4 (Foc TR-4) rather its cultivation is totally stopped at many places. The virulent and polycyclic nature of the pathogen limits the field level success of the control initiatives through chemicals, resistance breeding and biological control. In India, outbreak of Foc TR-4 during 2017 in the districts of Ayodhya in Uttar Pradesh and Katihar in Bihar attracted intensive research program for the management of the disease to avoid nationwide threat. “ICAR-FUSICONT” a bio-formulation comprising of consortia of effective antagonistic and growth promoting microbes on a patent protected modified CSR-BIO media was developed and validated through participatory community based management in the hotspots of Foc TR-4. The current study aims to assess the efficacy of the bio-formulation in the control of the disease, impact on restoring the yield and increasing the income of the banana growers at hotspot sites. The investigation was carried out by descriptive survey from 2017 to 2018 with both adopters and non-adopters of the technology. Results showed that formation of community based organization and community enabled adoption of ICAR-FUSICONT bio-formulation application during the critical growth phases of the crop resulted in an overall decrease in disease incidence in both the states of Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) and Bihar with the adopters. Adopters recorded an average of 6.08 % disease incidence while nonadopters had 45.68 % disease incidence at harvest. An average yield of 25.98 kg/plant with a significantly higher net income of Rs.182949.40/acre was obtained by adopters compared to non-adopters yield of 11.12 kg and an income of Rs. 39917.04. The study also showed that most of the adopters were from the age group of 30 to 40 years with educational status of above secondary level. The results of this study furthermore indicate that the community enabled technology adoption of ICAR-FUSICONT would be a critical component in the control of the banana Fusarium wilt (Foc TR-4) in the areas of disease epidemic.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47199707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of nitrogen fertilization on cucumber downy mildew","authors":"A. Papadaki, G. Markakis, K. Ladomenou, D. Goumas, N. Magan","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.05","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different concentrations of nitrogen on downy mildew severity on cucumber plants. Nitrogen (100-600 mg L-1) was applied to plants grown in pots under greenhouse conditions through irrigation water. The cucumber leaves were inoculated with a zoospore suspension of Pseudoperonospora cubensis, the causal agent of powdery mildew. Disease symptoms in plants treated with 300 mg L-1 nitrogen were significantly lower and 24% severity reduction was recorded. A positive effect on the leaf area was also noticed in cucumber plants with the application of 300 mg L-1 nitrogen. The results indicated that a cubic regression curve can be fitted to the disease progress for downy mildew, regardless of N treatments. Furthermore, the N enrichment affected the NH4-N and NO3-N content in leaves and soil as well as P content in the leaves. The application of 100 mg L -1 N significantly reduced Mn content in leaves. Therefore, nitrogen supply in the form of ammonium nitrate fertilizer could be considered as an efficient method for the control of downy mildew of cucumber.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48783885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Pseudomonas fluorescens and ferrous sulphate on biochemical parameters of peach leaves","authors":"S. Singh, Pushpa Singh, P. Shrivastava, D. C. Dimri, S. Tripathi, A. Narayan","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.14","url":null,"abstract":"Foliar fertilization and microbe supplemented iron bioavailability can fulfill the iron demand of plants. Plants of low-chill peach cv. Pant Peach-1 were selected to find out the effect of Pseudomonas flouresecens PBAP-27 inoculation along with foliar spray of ferrous sulphate. The experiment consisted of eight treatments viz. T1: control (water spray), T2: P. fluorescens PBAP-27, T3: FeSO4. 7H2O (0.5 %) spray once, T4: FeSO4. 7H2O (0.5 %) spray twice, T5: FeSO4. 7H2O (0.5 %) spray thrice, T6: P. fluorescens PBAP-27+FeSO4.7H2O (0.5 %) spray once, T7: P. fluorescens PBAP-27+FeSO4.7H2O (0.5 %) spray twice, T8: P. fluorescens PBAP-27+FeSO4.7H2O (0.5 %) spray thrice. Leaf area, chlorophyll content, active iron, total iron, ferric iron and iron: manganese ratios of leaves were studied. Maximum leaf area was recorded with P. fluorescens PBAP-27+FeSO4.7H2O (0.5 %) by spraying twice. Whereas, chlorophyll content, active iron, total iron, ferric iron and iron: manganese ratio were recorded higher in P. fluorescens PBAP-27+FeSO4.7H2O (0.5 %) sprayed thrice. Findings indicate that the three foliar spray of ferrous sulphate (0.5 %) along with inoculation of P. fluorescens strain can be used as useful strategy for iron fertilization for improving physiological parameters (leaf area and chlorophyll content) and leaves iron status (active iron, total iron, ferric iron ) in low chill peach.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47325026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"King chilli (Capsicum chinense Jacq.), The Indias hottest chilli- An Overview","authors":"S. Malakar, S. Sarkar, Nitin Kumar","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.09","url":null,"abstract":"King chilli (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) is an indigenous variety of capsicum to the northeast region of India and has been familiar as the hottest chilli in the World. In this article possible nutritional value of king chilli was studied for the health benefit. It has also been great prospective for its pungency and medicinal value utilized by the native people of the northeast India. It is consumed in different form as normal chilli but have especial demand on national and international markets for its extra powerful pungency and aroma. Even though being a valuable crop with high potential value for income sources for the indigenous people, so it is essential to emphasis on studies directed towards the different systematic production (morphological, cultivation practices, postharvest processing and marketing) of king chilli. Due to high demand there need to standardize the production and postharvest technology which may help to improve the yield, quality and shelf life extension for long chain marketing and distribution. The present review is focused on production and processing practices of king chilli.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48810392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of crezacin and humic acid on growth and physiological aspects of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum)","authors":"M. Abdelkader, M. Puchkov, M. Lysakov, E. Loktionova, A. A. Suliman","doi":"10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.11","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to enhance growth characteristics and quality parameters for tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) by applying different doses of Crezacin (synthetic) and Energene (natural) as growth regulators instead of Chemical fertilization. A specific experiment has been carried out to study the effect of two types of plant growth regulators Crezacin: Active substances (475 g/L): Orth-o-cresoxyacetic acid triethanolammonium salt with applied doses (100, 200 and 300 ppm) and Energene: active substances (700 g/kg) humic acid with applied doses (250, 500 and 700 ppm) on growth and physiological characteristics of tomato plants (Kendras F1). Both Crezacin and Energene were applied three times (Soaking tomato seeds for 24 hours before sowing, spraying on plants at 35 DAP, spraying on plants at 70 DAP). Application of humic acid “Ener-700” increased plant height (78.0 cm), number of leaves/ plant (57.8), fresh weight (250.2 g), dry weight (75.1 g) of arial parts, flowers number (48.1), fruits number (35.1) and fruit weight (64.0 g). Also using “ Ener-700” improved tomato fruit’s quality by enhancing level of dry matter (7.6 %), sugar contents (5.8 oBrix), Ascorbic acid (26.9 mg 100 g-1), Maturity Index (12.61) and Taste Index (1.09), while level of nitrate rose by increasing humic acid and the maximum level (22.0 mg kg-1) obtained from Ener-700. Applying Ener-500 gave the maximum titratable acidity (0.48%) and carotenoids contents (4.89 mg 100 g-1)","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42272308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}