African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies最新文献_第6页

A Comparison of Alcohol Use and Correlates of Drinking Patterns among Men and Women Aged 50 and Above in Ghana and South Africa 加纳和南非50岁及以上男性和女性酒精使用和饮酒模式相关因素的比较

African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies Pub Date : 2011-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V10I2

P. Martinez, A. Landheim, T. Clausen, L. Lien

{"title":"A Comparison of Alcohol Use and Correlates of Drinking Patterns among Men and Women Aged 50 and Above in Ghana and South Africa","authors":"P. Martinez, A. Landheim, T. Clausen, L. Lien","doi":"10.4314/AJDAS.V10I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJDAS.V10I2","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol use is an important part of the health profile of older adults, and little is known about the prevalence and correlates of drinking among this population in Ghana and South Africa. This study aimed to describe and compare the prevalence and correlates of drinking patterns among adults aged 50 and above in Ghana and South Africa, and to determine which correlates explain differences in drinking patterns between the two countries. We used data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) conducted in Ghana and South Africa. The sample of participants aged 50+ was 4289 in Ghana and 3666 in South Africa. Alcohol measures included a self-report of the number of standard drinks consumed over the previous 7 days, from which we constructed the mutually exclusive drinking categories of lifetime abstainers, low risk and at risk drinkers by gender. We used multivariate analysis to identify independent correlates for the different drinking patterns and those contributing to drinking differences between countries. Lifetime abstainers comprised 41.9% and 74.6% of the Ghana and South Africa samples, respectively. Among current drinkers, there were significantly more at risk drinkers among both genders in South Africa compared to Ghana. Factors independently associated drinking patterns differed between countries and by gender, although similarities included religion and smoking. Smoking status contributed to the difference in drinking patterns between Ghana and South Africa more than socio-demographics. Different patterns of drinking and associated correlates exist among older adults between Ghana and South Africa, and differences in drinking patterns were more strongly associated with smoking than socio-demographics. Drinking may increase in Ghana as economic development continues, although other health behaviors such as smoking may also play an important role and should be monitored in future surveys.","PeriodicalId":39196,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70448857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Determination of Caffeine Content in Non-Alcoholic Beverages and Energy Drinks Using Hplc-Uv Method. Hplc-Uv法测定非酒精饮料和能量饮料中咖啡因含量。

African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies Pub Date : 2010-11-10 DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.61754

M. Karau, James n Kihunyu, nahashon M Kathenya, L. Wangai, D. Kariuki, R. Kibet

{"title":"Determination of Caffeine Content in Non-Alcoholic Beverages and Energy Drinks Using Hplc-Uv Method.","authors":"M. Karau, James n Kihunyu, nahashon M Kathenya, L. Wangai, D. Kariuki, R. Kibet","doi":"10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.61754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.61754","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of caffeine in non-alcoholic energy drinks and prepared teas using reverse phase HPLC. Caffeine was extracted from 19 different types of non-alcoholic beverages and prepared teas sampled from supermarkets in Nairobi Central Business District, Kenya. These were analyzed alongside a caffeine standard of 99 % purity by use of HPLC-UV detector at the wavelength of 272nm, Supelco HS C18 column 25 cm x 4.6 cm x 5 μm, oven temperature of 40 oC, mobile phase 80:20 (v/v) of methanol: water and mobile phase flow rate of 1.5mL/min. For quantitation purposes, serial dilution of the caffeine standard gave correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9993 and the retention time of 2.11±0.03 minute. Percentage recovery of caffeine from the column ranged from 89.78 to 105.59%. Limits of detection and quantitation were found to be 0.279 and 0.931 μg/mL respectively. It was found that Burn®, XL energy drink® and Red Bull® had the highest amount of caffeine. It was however noted that though most of the non-alcoholic beverages had high caffeine content they had no label claim. \u0000 \u0000 Key Words: Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC), Ultra violet visible (UV/VIS), caffeine, non-alcoholic beverages","PeriodicalId":39196,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.61754","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70449832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Is Cannabis Use Related to Road Crashes? A Study of Long Distance Commercial Drivers in Nigeria 大麻的使用与交通事故有关吗?尼日利亚长途商业司机的研究

African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies Pub Date : 2010-11-10 DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.61755

V. Lasebikan

引用次数: 8

South African health care providers’ recognition of the links between alcohol and HIV in their daily practice: a pilot study. 南非卫生保健提供者在日常实践中认识到酒精与艾滋病毒之间的联系:一项试点研究。

African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies Pub Date : 2010-11-10 DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.61753

N. Morojele, Alitha Pithey, C. Kekwaletswe, M. Joubert-Wallis, M. Pule, C. Parry

引用次数: 6

Chang’aa Drinking in Kibera Slum: The Harmful Effects of Contemporary Changes in the Production and Consumption of Traditional Spirits 基贝拉贫民窟的昌阿酒:传统烈酒生产和消费的当代变化的有害影响

African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies Pub Date : 2010-11-10 DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.61759

C. Bodewes

引用次数: 8

Extent and Influence of Recreational Drug Use on Men and Women Aged 15 Years and Older in South Africa 南非15岁及以上男性和女性娱乐性药物使用的程度和影响

African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies Pub Date : 2010-11-10 DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.68394

P. Njuho, A. Davids

{"title":"Extent and Influence of Recreational Drug Use on Men and Women Aged 15 Years and Older in South Africa","authors":"P. Njuho, A. Davids","doi":"10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.68394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.68394","url":null,"abstract":"Illicit drug use negatively affects development of human and physical capital of any nation. Huge financial resources are allocated to prevent and curb illicit drug use. The use of these drugs continue to spread across race and age groups, despite application of various control measures. The information provided in this paper contributes towards understanding the extent and influence of illicit drugs use in South Africa. A population-based national HIV prevalence, behaviour and health survey conducted in 2008, incorporated questions on the extent and use of illicit drugs. A multistage random population sample of 15 845 persons aged 15 years or older (58% women and 42% men) was included in the survey. The use of combined illicit drugs excluding cannabis was reported by 1.7% of the 13 119 participants, and including cannabis by 4.3 % of the 13 128 participants. The Coloured men (14.3%) were the most likely to use cannabis, where as the Indian women (0.6%) were the least likely. The urban residents (5.4%) were more likely to report use of any illicit drug including cannabis than rural dwellers (2.5%). Illicit drug use has a high association with illnesses thus call for interventions to address this serious problem. Key Words: Recreational drug use, South Africa, illicit drug use, HIV prevalence survey","PeriodicalId":39196,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies","volume":"9 1","pages":"33-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJDAS.V9I1.68394","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70449890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Pentazocine abuse in sickle cell anaemia patients: a report of two case vignetes 镰状细胞性贫血患者滥用戊唑嗪:两例报告

African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies Pub Date : 2010-03-16 DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52933

A. Makanjuola, P. Olatunji

{"title":"Pentazocine abuse in sickle cell anaemia patients: a report of two case vignetes","authors":"A. Makanjuola, P. Olatunji","doi":"10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52933","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to draw attention of clinicians to the addictive potentials of Pentazocine use in sickle cell anaemia patients and to highlight some of the associated problems of pentazocine abuse. It also hopes to stimulate the need to review guidelines for the use of analgesics in the management of bone pain crisis or other chronic pains. Two case reports of pentazocine abuse seen in a psychiatry clinic at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) Ilorin, Nigeria were made. It was found that both patients who were sickle cell anaemia (HbS) patients were first given intramuscular pentazocine in private hospitals during an episode of bone pain crises. They claimed that though the bone pain crises subsided after a few days on admission, they continued to feign pains in order to be given pentazocine because they enjoyed its dysphoric effect. There were features of pentazocine dependence as shown by intense craving for the drug, excessive sweating, body (not bone) pains, signs of needle pricks on the body, sudden extravagance, begging for money, stealing and poor academic performance among other things. There was no clinical evidence of bone crisis or complications of sickle cell anaemia. It was concluded that more than before, clinicians should be cautious in the use of analgesics which has potential for addiction in sickle cell anaemia and chronic pain patients. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Pentazocine abuse; Sickle cell anaemia, Nigeria \u0000Key words: Pentazocine abuse; Sickle cell anaemia, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":39196,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52933","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70449734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

The impact of Thaba-Bosiu Centre alternative livelihoods programme on alcohol problems: a case study of Ha Mothae Thaba-Bosiu中心替代生计方案对酒精问题的影响:以Ha Mothae为例研究

African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies Pub Date : 2010-03-16 DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52934

M. Masihleho, T. Khalanyane

引用次数: 2

Khat (Catha edulis): academic, health and psychosocial efects on “mature” students 阿拉伯语(Catha edulis):对"成熟"学生的学术、健康和心理社会影响

African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies Pub Date : 2010-03-16 DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52932

L. Sikiru, S. Babu

{"title":"Khat (Catha edulis): academic, health and psychosocial efects on “mature” students","authors":"L. Sikiru, S. Babu","doi":"10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52932","url":null,"abstract":"The leaves of the plant khat (Catha edulis) are commonly chewed in certain countries of East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Chewing of khat leaves has a deep-rooted religious and sociocultural tradition and has a peculiarity of certain influences on the physical, physiological and psychosocial well-being of those involved in the habit of chewing the leaves. The objective of this study was to investigate psychosocial, academic and health implications and reasons for students’ involvement in khat chewing habit. A cross-sectional survey of students aged 22 years and above was studied; Five hundred and twenty eight subjects participated. They were summer school students of Jimma University, Ethiopia. A self structured questionnaire was used in data collection on the socio-demographic, academic, economic and health effects of khat. Results clearly indicated that males dominated in chewing khat (63.52%); 54.9% of khat chewers were Muslims; 46.3% of the students reported focus and concentration on their studies as the reason for chewing khat. Insomnia was the major health problem indicated by 50% of the students; while 71% of the study participants reported being more sociable following khat chewing. Self acclaimed positive academic achievements were reported by 89% of the participants but there were no reported \u0000significant effects on objective academic results. It was concluded that to gain concentration and focus was the main reason for students’ khat chewing habit. However, there was no evidence of subjective academic achievement. \u0000 \u0000Key Words: Khat; Catha edulis; academic achievement; health effects; mature students; socioeconomic factors; religion.","PeriodicalId":39196,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52932","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70449725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

The feasibility of integrating alcohol risk-reduction counseling into existing VCT services in Kenya 将减少酒精风险咨询纳入肯尼亚现有自愿自愿咨询服务的可行性

African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies Pub Date : 2010-03-16 DOI: 10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52935

C. Mackenzie, K. Kiragu, G. Odingo, R. Yassin, P. Shikuku, P. Angala, W. Sinkele, Melania Akinyi, N. Kilonzo

{"title":"The feasibility of integrating alcohol risk-reduction counseling into existing VCT services in Kenya","authors":"C. Mackenzie, K. Kiragu, G. Odingo, R. Yassin, P. Shikuku, P. Angala, W. Sinkele, Melania Akinyi, N. Kilonzo","doi":"10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52935","url":null,"abstract":"This pretest-posttest separate-sample study with intervention and comparison groups documented the abilities and willingness of trained voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) service providers to integrate alcohol screening and risk reduction counseling into their routine service delivery. Pre-test (n=1073) and post-test data (n=1058) were collected from different clients exiting from 25 VCT centers. A 12-month intervention that required all VCT providers from the intervention groups to screen all VCT clients for their alcohol use and offer them brief risk reduction alcoholrelated counseling was implemented. At post-test, the intervention group clients (n=456) had better study outcomes than the comparison group clients (n=602). Intervention clients were more likely to report that their VCT service provider had: asked them about their alcohol use (83% vs. 41%: p<0.05); asked them about their partner’s alcohol use (72% vs. 22%); screened them for their alcohol use (77% vs. 33%: p<0.05); and gave them feedback about their screening results (67% vs. 35%: p<0.05). The study concluded that VCT service providers are able and willing to integrate alcohol risk reduction services during routine VCT services, and supports the integration of alcohol risk reduction counseling at VCT services in Kenya. \u0000 \u0000Key Words: Alcohol, VCT, Integration, Service provision, Risk reduction, Counseling, Kenya","PeriodicalId":39196,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Drug and Alcohol Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJDAS.V8I2.52935","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70449784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6