Vostok (Oriens)最新文献

{"title":"The phenomenon of late Qara-khitay historiography: Nasir ad-Din Munshi Kermani and his historical work","authors":"Dmitriy M. Timokhin","doi":"10.31857/s086919080026514-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s086919080026514-2","url":null,"abstract":"Among the monuments of Muslim historiography several works can be distinguished, the authors of which build in their works a clear continuity between the Qutlugh Khanids dynasty that ruled within Kerman, whose founder was khajib Barak, and the previously existing Qara-Khitay power. In one of the earlier works, the author of this article called these Muslim writings «late Qara-Khitay historiography» and within the framework of the presented research I would like to substantiate the validity of such a statement. To do this, it is necessary to once again understand how and why Muslim historians distinguish the connection between khajib Barak and his successors, whether they label them «Qara-Khitay» and how else the connection between the Qutlugh Khanids and the Gur-Khans is distinguished. In addition, the author of the article intends to demonstrate the evolution of the description of the biography of Barak in several monuments of the XIII – XV in order to demonstrate clearly how Muslim authors cite new elements linking him with the Qara-Khitay, as well as his heirs. Undoubtedly, such a historiographical phenomenon should have an explanation, as well as the origin, that is, the author who initiated such a tradition. The author of this article comes to the conclusion that Nasir al-Din Munshi Kermani could have been the ancestor of this tradition in the historical work, which, «Simt al-'Ula lil-Khadra al-'Uliya», probably for the first time traces most of the markers that make it possible to link the Qutlugh Khanids dynasty with the Qara-Khitay state.","PeriodicalId":39193,"journal":{"name":"Vostok (Oriens)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135262976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Horus and Other Egyptian Deities in the Guise of Roman Warriors: A Possible Interpretation","authors":"Ivan Ladynin","doi":"10.31857/s086919080025899-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s086919080025899-5","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with a number of monuments in the Egyptian collection of the A.S. Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts showing Egyptian deities in the guise of Roman warriors: I, 1a 2985 (the best known and widely reproduced object) – a statuette of the falcon-headed god Horus in the double crown and in the Roman armour and dress (bronze); I, 1a 2794 – a similar statuette of smaller size and worse preservation (bronze with traces of gilding); I, 1a 6667 – a statuette of the dog-or jackal-headed god Anubis in the Roman armour and dress (bronze); I, 1a 3389 – a bust showing the falcon-headed god Horus wearing nemes, with the sun-disc and snake over his head (glass paste); I, 1a 5382 – a stela showing the sphinx-god Tutu with a lion head being a part of the armour-plate on his chest. Aside from republishing these objects, the aim of the article is to propose an interpretation of the iconographic type, to which they belong (this type also includes a number of Apius’ images and a singular image of Khnum in the Roman guise). The most multiple group in this type are the images of Horus, which, in author’s view, reflect the concept of the Roman principes’ rule in Egypt shaped by Egyptians: they were ruled not so much by a specific Roman strong-man as by the god Hous embodied in him and largely absorbing his personality. This concept of Egyptian rulers’ “derivative sacrality” dated back to the First Persian Domination and played largely a compensatory role, as it made a foreign and unfriendly rule more tolerable for Egyptians. In the Roman time it was reflected in emperors’ titularies, in which the Horus’ name was shaped of a set of epithets conveying upon a ruler the qualities of the god Horus. Probably the concept manifested itself in the images of Horus and Anubis, perhaps Khnum in the Roman guise; the images of Tutu and, perhaps, Apis rather show a transfer on them of the iconographic standard developed in the imagery of Horus.","PeriodicalId":39193,"journal":{"name":"Vostok (Oriens)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135262981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DRAGON AND GODDESS: THE CULT OF GODDESS SARASWATI IN JAPAN","authors":"Elena Lepekhova","doi":"10.31857/s086919080027608-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s086919080027608-5","url":null,"abstract":"This study is devoted to the cult of goddess Benzaiten (Saraswati) in Japan. As an Indian goddess Saraswati, who in the Vedic period was revered as the deity of the river of the same name, under the influence of Hinduism and Buddhism turned into the patroness of music and the embodiment of eloquence. In the Far East, China and Japan, she was known as Biancaitian (Jp. Benzaiten). However, in addition to her connection with music, Benzaiten retained the association with water inherent in the original Saraswati, which was expressed in her veneration as a goddess incarnated in a water deity-dragon or commanding them. At the same time, due to the ambivalence of her nature, ambiguously interpreted in various Buddhist sources, Benzaiten turned into a universal deity, identified with many other gods from the Shinto-Buddhist pantheon. For this reason, later she took a firm place in Japanese folklore, being included among the Seven Gods of Happiness (Jp. Shichifukujin). Based on a comparative analysis, it is concluded that if the deity of the Saraswati River in the Rig Veda is a stormy, water element that cannot be controlled, but can only be propitiated with hymns and offerings, then the Japanese Benzaiten, which sometimes manifests itself in the form of an unbridled dragon or snake, can be subjugated through the Buddhist rituals. This fact shows the importance of Buddhism in fixing religious cultural codes that originated in ancient India, and their subsequent spread across the territory of Central Asia and the Far East.","PeriodicalId":39193,"journal":{"name":"Vostok (Oriens)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135263297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The New Northwest Semitic Inscription: Addenda et Corrigenda","authors":"Archil S. Balakhvantsev","doi":"10.31857/s086919080025831-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s086919080025831-1","url":null,"abstract":"In the following note, the authors again refer to the squeeze of the NorthWest Semitic inscription from the collection of the Russian Archaeological Institute in Constantinople published in 2022. The reading of two problematic places in the inscription is specified, the corrected reading and drawing are published. First of all, a new understanding of the symbols no. 8–10 should be noted. Instead of three letters – ṣade, aleph, pe – we now see only two here – waw and ṣade. The closest and only analogy to the last sign is found in the Ammān citadel inscription dating back to the 9th century BC. It was discovered only in 1961. This circumstance once again testifies to the groundlessness of doubts about the authenticity of the studied inscription. The second correction concerns the missing letter in the previous drawing, following the bet (no. 19). The sign is very poorly distinguishable, due to its location on the crease of the estampage. Based on the combination of the preserved vertical and the straight horizontal crossing it at the level of the base of the bet’s head, there is nothing left to do but assume that this is a tav. Thus, the new reading of the inscription is as follows: z d t h š m y w ṣ k b h m l n ḥ z b t h w y d b r k ʕ l s k y r y n k y ? n","PeriodicalId":39193,"journal":{"name":"Vostok (Oriens)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135263305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narratives by the “Father of Muslim Historiography” aṭ-Ṭabarī (839–923) about the Uprising of the Christian Princes and Muslim Emirs of Armīnīya under Chaliph al-Mutawakkil (847–861)","authors":"Arsen Shahinyan","doi":"10.31857/s086919080026516-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s086919080026516-4","url":null,"abstract":"This publication presents the materials extracted from the multivolume “History of the Prophets and Kings” (Ta’rīḫ ar-Rusul wa-l-Mulūk) by “the father of the Muslim historiography”, an Arabic spoken Iranian Muḥammad b. Ǧarīr (Djarir) aṭ-Ṭabarī (839–923), whichoutlines the general history from the Creation to 302 AH (914/5). These are absolutely all the materials that are devoted to the last uprising against the power of the ‘Abbasids (750–1258) in the Arab vilayet of Arminiya, which consisted of the Greater-Armenian, and South Caucasian Lands occupied by the Muslims. We are talking about the uprising of 850–855, in which both the leaders of the autonomous Armenian and Albanian principalities, as well as the Arab emirates created in Arminiya at the beginning of the 9th C., took part. These passages were extracted from the classic critical edition carried out in three series and 15 volumes in Leiden (1879–1901), edited by the famous Dutch Arabist Michael Jan de Goeje (1836–1909).The selected passages are translated by Arsen K. Shahinyan from Classical Arabic into Russian for the first time in Oriental science. The introductory article, detailed text notes and scholarly comments based on the historical and geographical narratives of the Antiquity, and in the languages of the peoples of the Christian and Muslim Orient are attached by the author of the publication to his translated materials as well. Preparing these notes and comments, he also took into account the data that are reflected in the leading scientific, reference (encyclopedic) and educational publications of the world.","PeriodicalId":39193,"journal":{"name":"Vostok (Oriens)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135263946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vladimir Ivanov’s “Jewish Manuscripts”. Part 1. The Collection And The Archive","authors":"Ekaterina Belkina","doi":"10.31857/s086919080025426-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s086919080025426-5","url":null,"abstract":"The “Bukharian Collection” of Vladimir A. Ivanov included dozens of Jewish manuscripts. They came to the Asian Museum in St. Petersburg in 1915, and Alexander A. Freiman systematized some of them – in Judeo-Persian only – by 1918. Over the past century, there have been several (re-)inventories, so nowadays one cannot rely on those obsolete publications, working with these monuments. Part of the provenance has been lost. Basing on Ivanov’s archive and the inventory books of different years, this article is an attempt to update the information on all Jewish manuscripts acquired in Bukhara. The Aramaic and Hebrew manuscripts are new to the scientific circulation, the provenance of the Judeo-Persian manuscripts is clarified. Ivanov’s personal notes for each manuscript are scarce. Nevertheless, they are the primary source about the manuscripts, and today his “notebook” on the “Collection” is kept in the Archive of Orientalists of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS. Using Ivanov’s list of manuscripts and their description by Freiman, as well as the current inventory, I managed to restore the provenance of almost all monuments. Some last Hebrew manuscripts in this list are particularly difficult to identify, while other monuments within the Jewish fund have been erroneously attributed to the “Collection” for a long time. Only one manuscript from Bukhara has remained unidentified. Checking the rest of the manuscripts for Ivanov’s notes at the margins in his “notebook” helped to match and connect the archival data with the source data of the manuscripts.","PeriodicalId":39193,"journal":{"name":"Vostok (Oriens)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135263955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Russian protectorate for the Boer republics. A rejected idea for countering British imperialism","authors":"Boris M. Gorelik","doi":"10.31857/s086919080024664-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s086919080024664-7","url":null,"abstract":"The South African War, also known as the Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902, was one of the most important armed conflicts of the age of imperialism. The war evoked an immense public response in Russia; not even the power circles remained unmoved. Russian public opinion supported the struggle for the independence of the Boer republics, the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. For their part, the governments of the two republics convinced their fellow citizens that the Russian Empire, as the initiator of the Hague Peace Conference and the only great power that never had colonies in Africa, would be able to unite other states of Europe and the United States to help the Boers in countering British imperialism. By June 1900, it had become clear that the Great Powers would not take military action in defence of the South African republics. Moreover, they were unable to overlook their geopolitical differences in order to offer collective mediation or good offices to the belligerents. On behalf of the official Boer delegation, who was visiting the United States, the Transvaal envoy conveyed to the foreign offices of Russia and its ally France a request for a joint protectorate over the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. Documentary evidence of this demarche, which has not yet received sufficient coverage in historiography, has been preserved in the archive of the Transvaal envoy Leyds, as well as in the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire. Appealing to Russia and France, the Boer delegates assumed that these powers, for humanitarian reasons, would provide friendly guardianship to the two republics in South Africa. However, the European governments of the period understood protectorate as a form of colonial dependence. Besides, Russia and France did not want a military confrontation with the mighty British Empire for the sake of the Boer states that were outside the sphere of their political and colonial interests. The attempt of the representatives of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State to secure a Russo-French protectorate for their republics was predestined to fail.","PeriodicalId":39193,"journal":{"name":"Vostok (Oriens)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135262776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Review of] Qing Grand Council Manchu archives on “Man-cha”. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe, 2010.10. 1896 p. (in Chinese);ISBN 978–7–5325–5500–0","authors":"Dordzhi G. Kukeev","doi":"10.31857/s086919080025599-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s086919080025599-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39193,"journal":{"name":"Vostok (Oriens)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135263121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Question of the Tradition of Using the Term Khorasan in the Latin Chronicles of the First Crusade","authors":"Vitaly V. Prudnikov","doi":"10.31857/s086919080025821-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s086919080025821-0","url":null,"abstract":"This work is devoted to the consideration of the tradition of using the geographical term Khorasan in the Latin chronicles of the first crusade. The founder of this tradition can rightfully be called the anonymous author of The Acts of the Franks and Other Jerusalemites. This book is of particular interest to researchers, because. this work not only became the first of its kind report on the invasion of the Crusader knights, immigrants from Western Europe to the Middle East, but also served as the main source of information for the works of other chroniclers. In the 11th century. the civilization of the medieval West for the first time in many years moved from a deaf defense to a systematic offensive, which forced contemporaries to take a fresh look at phenomena that had previously been hidden by a veil of myths and secrets. It is all the more interesting to learn about what ideas were formed about the historical region of Khorasan that really existed in that era among Latin authors, among whom, after Anonymous, are: monk and others. In the view of the Anonymous, “Khorasan” denoted the center of the Seljuk state, but it is quite natural to assume that this term also has a number of other meanings and meanings that have yet to be clarified and analyzed. At the same time, the very fact of the use of this term in the works of the listed authors points to going beyond the limits of traditions.","PeriodicalId":39193,"journal":{"name":"Vostok (Oriens)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135263130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why was The Cult of Arsinoë II Philadelphus established in Egyptian Temples?","authors":"Mikhail Apenko","doi":"10.31857/s086919080026352-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s086919080026352-4","url":null,"abstract":"The cult of Arsinoë II Philadelphus is considered one of the most significant cults in Hellenistic Egypt. It originated from the Greek oriented cult of Theoi-Adelphoi after Arsinoë’s death and soon became a vital part of both Greek and Egyptian religious life. What is even more important, Arsinoë became the first member of Ptolemaic dynasty to receive such a cult in Egyptian temples. Yet we still do not quite understand why was it so prominently established there. This article proposes a possible answer to this question. Based on the information from Sais inscription, a source from the reign of Ptolemy II, we can conclude that the main reason for the spread of the cult of Arsinoë in Egyptian temples was the natural conditions that developed in Egypt in the mid-260s. BCE. The text mentions a certain deficiency of the land during the king’s visit to Sais in 265/64 BCE. It seems that at this time Egypt faced low floods of the Nile, which could possibly lead to a lack of crops throughout the country. This in turn could threaten the legitimacy of Ptolemy II, who, as a king of Egypt, was viewed as the one responsible for the floods of the Nile river. Thus an event like this could become a cause for major instability in society or even a revolt. Under these circumstances the cult of Arsinoë II Philadelphus was used to promote royal legitimacy and bind part of the Egyptian priesthood to the ruling house of the Ptolemies.","PeriodicalId":39193,"journal":{"name":"Vostok (Oriens)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135263314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}