龙与女神:日本对萨拉斯瓦蒂女神的崇拜

Q3 Arts and Humanities
Elena Lepekhova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究以日本的奔宰天(Saraswati)女神崇拜为主题。印度女神萨拉斯瓦蒂,在吠陀时期被尊为同名河流之神,在印度教和佛教的影响下,成为音乐的守护神和口才的化身。在远东、中国和日本,她被称为卞彩天(Jp)。Benzaiten)。然而,除了她与音乐的联系之外,Benzaiten保留了原始Saraswati中固有的与水的联系,这表现在她作为化身为水神龙或指挥它们的女神的崇拜中。同时,由于她的本性的矛盾心理,在各种佛教资料中被模糊地解释,本宰天变成了一个普遍的神,与神道佛教万神殿中的许多其他神一样。由于这个原因,后来她在日本民间传说中占据了稳固的地位,被列入七大幸福之神(Jp。Shichifukujin)。在比较分析的基础上得出结论,如果说《吠陀》中的萨拉斯瓦提河的神是一种无法控制的暴风雨、水元素,只能用赞美诗和祭品来抚慰,那么日本的Benzaiten,有时以一种不受约束的龙或蛇的形式表现出来,可以通过佛教仪式来征服。这一事实显示了佛教在固定源自古印度的宗教文化规范方面的重要性,这些文化规范随后在中亚和远东地区传播开来。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
DRAGON AND GODDESS: THE CULT OF GODDESS SARASWATI IN JAPAN
This study is devoted to the cult of goddess Benzaiten (Saraswati) in Japan. As an Indian goddess Saraswati, who in the Vedic period was revered as the deity of the river of the same name, under the influence of Hinduism and Buddhism turned into the patroness of music and the embodiment of eloquence. In the Far East, China and Japan, she was known as Biancaitian (Jp. Benzaiten). However, in addition to her connection with music, Benzaiten retained the association with water inherent in the original Saraswati, which was expressed in her veneration as a goddess incarnated in a water deity-dragon or commanding them. At the same time, due to the ambivalence of her nature, ambiguously interpreted in various Buddhist sources, Benzaiten turned into a universal deity, identified with many other gods from the Shinto-Buddhist pantheon. For this reason, later she took a firm place in Japanese folklore, being included among the Seven Gods of Happiness (Jp. Shichifukujin). Based on a comparative analysis, it is concluded that if the deity of the Saraswati River in the Rig Veda is a stormy, water element that cannot be controlled, but can only be propitiated with hymns and offerings, then the Japanese Benzaiten, which sometimes manifests itself in the form of an unbridled dragon or snake, can be subjugated through the Buddhist rituals. This fact shows the importance of Buddhism in fixing religious cultural codes that originated in ancient India, and their subsequent spread across the territory of Central Asia and the Far East.
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来源期刊
Vostok (Oriens)
Vostok (Oriens) Arts and Humanities-History
CiteScore
0.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
25
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