East Asian Archives of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Stress-Induced Haematohidrosis: a Case Report.","authors":"S Mitra,&nbsp;S S Chatterjee,&nbsp;S Roy,&nbsp;M Kumar","doi":"10.12809/eaap2091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe a case of stress-induced haematohidrosis in a 14-year-old boy who responded well to stress management together with sertraline medication.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"62-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40380922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Health Youth Ambassador Programme for Anti-Stigma Among Secondary Students in Hong Kong: a Pilot Study.","authors":"A K Y Chan,&nbsp;T T Y Yeung,&nbsp;M Y Sum,&nbsp;J S C Xiong,&nbsp;S K W Chan,&nbsp;K S Cheng","doi":"10.12809/eaap2227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the Mental Health Youth Ambassador Programme between 2016 and 2019 in terms of participants' improvement in attitudes towards individuals with depression or psychosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This anti-stigma programme was provided to secondary students (form 3 and above) and comprised three levels. Level 1 involved attending lectures about mental health; level 2 and level 3 involved social contact with persons-in-recovery. Students' attitudes towards those with depression and those with psychosis were assessed at baseline and after completion of each level of programme using the Chinese version of the Social Distance Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 25 students who were assessed at all four time points were included in analysis. The mean Social Distance Scale scores for attitudes towards depression and psychosis improved significantly across all time points. Specifically, significant improvement occurred after completion of level 2 and level 2 but not after completion of level 1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Social contact with people with mental illness (rather than attending lectures about mental health) contributed significantly to the improvement in students' attitude towards depression and psychosis. With the positive preliminary results, the Mental Health Youth Ambassador Programme should be extended to more students.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"57-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40380921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Correlates of Caregiver Anxiety in Family Caregivers of Patients With Advanced Cancer: a Cross-Sectional Study in a Palliative Care Unit in Hong Kong.","authors":"L M Chan,&nbsp;S C J Ng","doi":"10.12809/eaap2171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the prevalence of caregiver anxiety and to identify correlates of caregiver anxiety in family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer in a palliative care unit in Hong Kong.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Family caregivers of patients admitted to the palliative care ward for the first time between July 2019 and September 2019 were screened for recruitment. Caregiver demographics (age, sex, marital status, occupation, education level, housing condition, relationship with the patient, known diagnosis of anxiety or depression, and Charlson comorbidity index) were collected, as were caregiver understanding of patient's diagnosis and prognosis, perceived patient's distress, frequency of witnessing confusion or delirium of patients in past month, perceived adequacy of psychological support (other than general social support), and perceived anxiety towards patient's approaching death. Caregiver anxiety was assessed using the 7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7). Caregiver depression status was assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Caregiver psychological well-being was assessed using the 11-item Psychological Well-being Scale for Family Caregivers (PWS-C). Caregiver overall burden was assessed using the Chinese version of the 13-item Modified Caregiver Strain Index (C-M-CSI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>70 caregivers (of 66 patients) were included, with a response rate of 98.6%. 16 (22.9%) caregivers had moderate to severe anxiety (GAD-7 score of ≥10). The GAD-7 score was higher in female caregivers than in male caregivers (mean rank: 39.26 vs 27.83, p = 0.026). 26 (37.1%) caregivers had depression (PHQ-9 score of ≥7). The GAD-7 score of caregivers was associated with the PHQ-9 score (rs = 0.834, p < 0.01), the four subscales of PWS-C: social support (rs = -0.308, p = 0.01), life meaning (rs = -3.30, p < 0.01), emotional distress (rs = 0.615, p < 0.01), and caregiver inadequacy (rs = 0.41, p < 0.01), and the C-M-CSI score for caregiver overall burden (rs = 0.332, p < 0.01). In multiple linear regression, predictors for GAD-7 score were the PHQ-9 score, caregiver's feeling of anxiety towards patient's approaching death, and caregiver sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>22.9% of family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer have moderate to severe anxiety. Anxiety of caregivers was associated with depression, caregiver's feeling of anxiety towards patient's approaching death, psychological support, and life meaning. All these are potentially amendable by interventions. A structured screening of anxiety in family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer should be considered as routine practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"32 2","pages":"27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40207173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refractory Psychosis After Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: a Case Report.","authors":"C K W Wong,&nbsp;M M Kwan,&nbsp;W K Lam","doi":"10.12809/eaap2054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a case of refractory psychosis after carbon monoxide poisoning in a 65-year-old woman who attempted suicide by charcoal burning in 2018. On discharge from hospital, she was bedbound, tube-fed, and had limited verbal output. In early 2019, she was able to resume oral feeding and her physical condition improved. However, she started to have paranoid ideas and auditory hallucinations. She was diagnosed as having organic brain syndrome and was prescribed with quetiapine 300 mg every night. Because of the poor clinical response, quetiapine was switched to olanzapine 20 mg every night and augmented with amisulpride and valproate sodium. However, she remained distressed, psychotic, and suicidal. She was then prescribed with clozapine 300 mg every night. Her symptoms improved despite residual auditory hallucinations remained, but she was less distressed about them.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"32 2","pages":"43-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40207176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Trends in a Psychiatric Institute in Singapore.","authors":"D Poremski,&nbsp;Y M Mok,&nbsp;G F K Lam,&nbsp;R Dev,&nbsp;H C Chua,&nbsp;D S S Fung","doi":"10.12809/eaap2128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) between inpatients at the Institute of Mental Health in Singapore and the general population over 8 years to determine the effectiveness of our infection control strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data for cases of influenza and URTI at our institute between January 2012 and December 2019 were collected. National data were derived from weekly infectious disease bulletins that report daily averages of people attending polyclinics/surgeries with influenza and URTI. Interrupted time series analyses were used to determine the impact of infection prevention and control strategies on incidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the 8 years, there were 1607 cases of URTI involving 182 clusters, equal to 3.16 cases per 10 000 patient-bed-days. 965 (60%) cases and 95 (52%) clusters occurred in long-stay wards, whereas 642 (40%) cases and 87 (48%) clusters occurred in acute wards. The median cluster size was 12 in the long-stay wards and 7 in the acute wards (p < 0.0001). The spikes in cases in June and December may be attributed to the increased staff and visitor mobility during school vacations in June and December. Strategies implemented during the study period did not significantly reduce the incidence of URTI. Previous strategies implemented in 2005 to meet accreditation standards are more likely to be contributors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Infection control strategies of our institute appear to be effective, because the incidence of URTI was lower in our institute than in the community. The similar incidence of URTI in acute and long-stay wards indicates that service-user turnover is not a contributor. Rather, staff and visitors are more likely to be the vector. The larger clusters in long-stay wards indicates a greater risk of transmission in such settings. Increased activity in our institute during school vacations may be associated with an increase in cases in June and December. It is difficult to determine if strategies implemented during the study period successfully reduce the incidence of URTI.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"32 2","pages":"34-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40207174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempt in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Africa: a Systematic Review.","authors":"W M Metekiya, A T Gebreselassie, T A Amare, D Z Wondafrash","doi":"10.12809/eaap20104","DOIUrl":"10.12809/eaap20104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at higher risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. We reviewed the literature for the prevalence and determinants of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in people with HIV in Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar were searched for original studies published in peer-reviewed journals in English language between January 2015 to July 2020, using the key words: 'suicidal behavior', 'suicidal attempt', 'suicidal ideation', 'HIV/AIDS', and/or 'Africa'. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>12 cross-sectional studies published in the past 5 years in African countries were included. The quality of studies was high, with score ranging from 6 to 9. The prevalence of suicidal ideation ranged from 8.8% to 39%. The prevalence of suicide attempt ranged from 2.8% to 20.1%. The most common risk factors for suicidal behaviour were mental health-related problems. Other factors included high clinical stage of HIV, being unmarried, poor medication adherence, poorer quality of life, not taking highly active antiretroviral therapy, female sex, no education, substance use, low CD4 level, and opportunistic infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with HIV/AIDS have an increased risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Early screening, treatment, and referral of suicidal patients are necessary for HIV clinics.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"32 2","pages":"39-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40207175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posttraumatic Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in COVID-19 Survivors.","authors":"K K Wu,&nbsp;D Lee,&nbsp;A M Sze,&nbsp;V N Ng,&nbsp;V W Cho,&nbsp;J P Cheng,&nbsp;M M Wong,&nbsp;S F Cheung,&nbsp;O T Tsang","doi":"10.12809/eaap2176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to examine the rates of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after hospital discharge among COVID-19 survivors and to determine the associated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult COVID-19 survivors discharged from hospitals between March 2020 and March 2021 were asked to complete a questionnaire at 4 weeks after discharge. The Chinese version of the 22-item Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R) was used to measure symptoms of PTSD. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess symptoms of major depressive disorder. The 7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) was used to measure symptoms of generalised anxiety disorder. The rates of anxiety, depression, and PTSD among discharged patients were determined, as were associations between psychosocial factors and outcome measures and predictors for moderate-tosevere symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>96 men and 103 women aged 18 to 81 years returned the completed questionnaire. 12.1% to 20.1% of them reported symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, or depression. Higher symptom severity was associated with higher perceived life threat, lower emotional support, lower disease severity upon admission, and longer hospital stay. Women had more PTSD symptoms than men, particularly when knowing someone under quarantine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>COVID-19 survivors with higher perceived life threat, lower emotional support, lower disease severity upon admission, and longer hospital stay were associated with higher severity of symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Timely intervention should provide to at-risk survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"32 1","pages":"5-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40326801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Folie à Deux During Self-Quarantine in the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Case Report.","authors":"T Kawasaki","doi":"10.12809/eaap2125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Folie à deux is also known as psychosis of association or shared paranoid disorder. We describe a mother and her two daughters who experienced shared delusions and hallucinations during self-quarantine in COVID-19 pandemic. The mother was later diagnosed with schizophrenia and prescribed brexpiprazole, whereas her two daughters were diagnosed with psychosis of association affected by their mother.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"32 1","pages":"22-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40326804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Health Challenges in COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"S K W Chan","doi":"10.12809/eaap2215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2215","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the uncertainty in the development of the pandemic, the negative impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of the population, both the direct effect of the virus and the measures taken to control its spread, have been widely reported. [...]symptoms of COVID-19 may persist even after the acute phase of the disease, which has been coined “long covid”.5 Many mental health[-] related symptoms of long covid, such as cognitive impairment, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and mood symptoms, may be related to the impact of the virus on the central nervous system.5 A significant proportion of survivors have reported one or more symptoms of long covid that have a major impact on their health and functioning.6 The scientific communities are trying to unravel the mechanisms of long covid. The development of mental health services and other healthcare services tailored to the needs of COVID-19 survivors is urgently needed to reduce the potential long-term public health impact.","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"32 1","pages":"3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40325842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional and Behavioural Changes in Children and Adolescents and Their Association With Parental Depression During COVID-19 Pandemic: a Pilot Study in Bangladesh.","authors":"S E Syed,&nbsp;N M Khan,&nbsp;H U Ahmed","doi":"10.12809/eaap2138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12809/eaap2138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental health of children, adolescents, and their parents. This study aimed to assess the emotional and behavioural changes in children and adolescents and their association with parental depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>On 7 May 2020 during COVID-19 lockdown, an online questionnaire was distributed through social media and made available for 10 days. Data were collected from parents of children aged 4 to 17 years. The Bangla version of the parent-rated version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to determine the behavioural and emotional disturbances of the children and adolescents. The Bangla version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess the depression status of parents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 512 participants. 21.5% of children and adolescents had emotional and behavioural problems. More boys than girls had abnormal peer relationship problems (21.1% vs 15.4%, p = 0.03). Of the parents, 16.2% had moderate depression, 5.5% moderately severe depression, and 2.9% severe depression. 8.2% and 2.9% of parents reported that it was very difficult and extremely difficult, respectively, to do work, take care of things at home, or get along with other people; the proportion was higher in mothers than fathers (χ² = 11.4, df = 3, p = 0.01). The PHQ-9 total score of parents mildly correlated with the SDQ score of children and adolescents (<i>r</i> = 0.51, p = 0.01). In multiple linear regression, a combination of parent sex (β = 0.08, p < 0.001), child's history of developmental/psychiatric problems (β = 0.02, p = 0.67), and the SDQ total score of children and adolescents (β = 0.52, p = 0.03) accounted for 27% of the variability in PHQ total score of parents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During lockdown, the prevalence of psychiatric disorder among children and adolescents and their parents increased. The depression status of parents mildly correlated with the behavioural and emotional disturbances of children and adolescents. We recommend opening the schools as soon as the situation improves and developing interventions such as virtual mental health assessment for children and adolescents and their parents.</p>","PeriodicalId":39171,"journal":{"name":"East Asian Archives of Psychiatry","volume":"32 1","pages":"11-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40326802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}