{"title":"The impact of carbohydrate intake on the behavior and cognitive functions of children and adolescents","authors":"Weronika Wasyluk, Gabriela Zdunek, A. Pedrycz","doi":"10.2478/pjph-2019-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2019-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. Although carbohydrates are the most commonly studied nutrients regarding their influence on cognitive functions, there is no unequivocal agreement on whether this influence really exists and what its manifestations are. Aim. This study is a literature review of research on the association between sugar intake, behavior and cognitive functions in children population. Material and methods. The analysis of the studies on the carbohydrate intake and its impact on behavior and cognitive functions of children and adolescents on the basis of MEDLINE database was conducted. The studies were found in PubMed Internet search engine. The following words were implemented in various combinations: “sugar”, “carbohydrate”, “glycemic index”, “GI”, “glucose” as well as “cognition”, “cognitive”, “learning”, “memory”, “attention”, “behavior”, “hyperactivity”. The number of 27 publications was chosen and the information they contained was analyzed. Results. Despite multiple studies on the impact of carbohydrate intake and their glycemic index on cognitive functions, there is still no agreement on this issue. Multiple studies indicate the association between glycemic index and cognitive processes. The positive impact of low GI breakfast intake on the concentration and memory is relatively frequently emphasized. The concept that indicates the association between sugar intake and hyperactive behavior among children also has not been unequivocally confirmed in the analyzed studies – contrarily – some of them indicated lack of such relationship. The placebo effect may be the explanation for the above concept. The association between the number of carbohydrates in diet and sleep disorders also has not been proved. Conclusions. Although there are no unequivocal scientific foundations to limit the intake of simple sugars and consume polysaccharides with low GI to improve behavior and cognitive functions, such actions are consistent with a healthy diet and should be recommended for children and adolescents.","PeriodicalId":391651,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Public Health","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133503310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The application of “the patient satisfaction assessment” as a method for assessing hospital management efficency","authors":"Joanna Kozłowiec, Monika Kozłowiec","doi":"10.2478/pjph-2019-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2019-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. When assessing the effectiveness of hospital management through measures of patient satisfaction, it is possible to go beyond the frameworks of the social efficiency assessment, obtaining generalized assessments of an institution. They are based on the answers to the question if patients would be willing to recommend the institution to a member of the family or a friend. Next point is establishing correlation relationships between these assessments and other measures of effectiveness, for example the value of contracts concluded with the National Health Fund (NFZ). Aim. The aim of the article is to determine the usefulness of the patient satisfaction survey as a method enabling the assessment of the management efficiency of a given medical facility in terms of the selected parameters. Material and methods. The source of the research material are the reports on the patient satisfaction assessments carried out among the patients of the Provincial Specialist Hospital in Biała Podlaska in the years 2008-2013. It was hypothesized that the higher the value of the contract with the NFZ, the greater patients’ satisfaction expressed in their generalized assessments in the given years and, on the contrary, the more positively assessed by patients hospital, among other things due to the quality of the health services, the higher the value of contracts concluded with the NFZ by the given institution. At the same time, on the basis of the data from 2013, it was decided to check whether the opinions expressed by the patients are characterized by objectivism or whether they may be dependent on the hospital ward where the satisfaction survey was carried out - for this purpose the Chi-square independence test was used. The necessary calculations as the part of the statistical analysis were made using the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Results and discussion. The results of the research are a part of the general trend of patient satisfaction surveys, considered as an important source of information on the level of medical services. Conclusions. The patient satisfaction survey can be considered as a method which enables the assessment of the management efficiency of a given medical facility in terms of the selected parameters.","PeriodicalId":391651,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130865157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Włoch, P. Książek, A. Krajewska, Dorota Rolińska
{"title":"Organization of dental care – caries prophylaxis in children and teenagers in Poland","authors":"K. Włoch, P. Książek, A. Krajewska, Dorota Rolińska","doi":"10.2478/pjph-2019-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2019-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dental caries in children and teenagers is a social problem and an important element in public health. It stems from its high prevalence and the consequences of not implementing proper treatment are serious. Younger and younger children suffer from dental caries. When it is not treated, the consequences tend to be serious and costly. Pathogenesis of dental caries, methods of treatment and its prevention have been described based on available literature. The decline in frequency of its appearance will be beneficial for both the sick and society. It will be possible thanks to an early introduction of caries prophylaxis. What is more, a change of mindset and lifestyle is highly recommended as well, not to mention the fact that full and easy access to dental care seems to be essential. All of the factors mentioned above are strictly connected with the proper organization of dental care providing special treatment for children and teenagers in Poland. Its scale should be wide and should cover such activities like teaching to brush one’s teeth properly, access to fluoridation or treatment provided in public dental surgeries located, for example, on school grounds. Current organization of dental care is dealing better and better with the issue concerned, however, to minimalize the risk of caries in children further changes should be introduced.","PeriodicalId":391651,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Public Health","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121837244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychological support of students with national identity transformations","authors":"L. Spivak, Diana Piontkovska","doi":"10.2478/pjph-2019-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2019-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. The research of the development of national identity of student’s youth is important for a deeper understanding of the factors of psychological security preservation, stability of nations and psychological health of their representatives. The recent intensification of globalisation, integration and migration processes in the European space makes especially relevant the problem of development of positive national identity among its youth citizens and the correction of transformations in this process. Therefore, the development of effective psychological support of student’s youth with transformed national identity is necessary. Aim. The article aims at conducting theoretical and empirical research of transformed types of national identity among students of higher educational institutions displaying national hypoidentity (national nihilism), national indifference or national hyperidentity (national egoism, national isolationism, national fanaticism); as well as at developing and organising their psychological support. Material and methods. The study involved full-time first – fourth year students of higher education institutions from different regions of Ukraine who ensured the representativeness of sample. The age range of 17-21 to which the respondents belong is sensitive regarding the development of national identity. To reveal the type of students’ national identity, psychodiagnostic methods (“Types of ethnic identity” by G. Soldatova, S. Ryzhova) and methods of assessing the positivity and uncertainty of ethnic identity were applied (by A. Tatarko, N. Lebedeva), and methods of mathematical statistics were applied to assess the obtained data. Results. Empirical research of 309 students of higher educational institutions demonstrated that 53 students had the transformed types of national identity that required correction in the process of organised psychological support. After all, the transformations of national identity primarily threaten the psychological health of the personality. Discussion. Psychological support of students with national identity transformations (national hypoidentity, national indifference and national hyperidentity) should be directed towards the development of their positive national identity. To do this, such support should be organised separately for students with national hypoidentity and national indifference promoting the development of their positive attitude towards the representatives of their nation, and for students with national hyperidentity promoting the development of their tolerant attitude towards the representatives of other nations. Conclusion. Most students of higher educational institutions develop positive national identity (norm). A small number of students have deviations from the norm displaying the transformation of their national identity. The main purpose of psychological support of students with national identity transformations is the development of positive national i","PeriodicalId":391651,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Public Health","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116588783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Zieliński, Michał Baszczowski, Michał Ginszt, Aleksandra Byś, Piotr Gawda
{"title":"The influence of the sensitivity of the trapezius muscle on the changes within the bioelectric tensions of the masticatory muscles","authors":"G. Zieliński, Michał Baszczowski, Michał Ginszt, Aleksandra Byś, Piotr Gawda","doi":"10.2478/pjph-2019-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2019-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. Pathological muscle tone can cause changes in the facial skeleton, including tension headaches, tinnitus, temporomandibular joint dysfunctions. The complexity of pathologies and their spectrum may also indicate changes beyond the facial skeleton. The aim of the study was to determine the possible correlation between the pressure pain threshold of the trapezius muscle and the bioelectrical tension on the masticatory muscles. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the possible correlation between the pressure pain threshold of the trapezius muscle and the bioelectric tension on the masticatory muscles. Material and methods. The number of 36 women applied for the study. They were all examined using an algometer within a trapezius muscle to determine the pressure pain threshold. The electromyographic study was carried out in accordance with the SENIAM guidelines. The resting activity of selected masticatory muscles (temporal and masseter) was recorded for 10 sec. The study involved an 8-channel BioEMG IIITM surface electromyography apparatus with BioPak Measurement System (BioResearch Associates, Inc. Milwaukee, WI, USA). Statistical analysis was carried out using the r-Pearson test. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results. After comparing the bioelectric tension of the masticatory muscles and the pressure pain threshold, left-sided correlation was observed (p<0.05). Both in the right-hand and general comparison, the results did not reach the required level of statistical significance (p>0.05). Conclusions. The pressure pain threshold seems to be linked to the bioelectrical muscle tone of the masticatory muscles. To confirm this observation, further research into a larger and more diverse group of participants is recommended.","PeriodicalId":391651,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Public Health","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122603562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Communication and perioperative care of elderly patients","authors":"M. Kotomska, Aldona Michalak","doi":"10.2478/pjph-2019-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2019-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Communication is one of the basic human needs, it builds trust and facilitates people-to-people contacts. This is widely understood exchange of information as well as feelings, it is both; discussion and argumentation. The basis for effective treatment is proper communication between the medical staff and the patient. Nurses, medical careers working with elderly people are often in a situation where it is difficult for them to communicate with the patient. Ignorance of the physiology of human aging, difficulties and diagnostic limitations may lead to errors of medical personnel. The objective of the article is to draw attention to the role of communication among nurses, supported by medical caregivers, who deal with an elderly patient in pre-, peri- and postoperative period, as well as to point out that nursing staff is insufficiently involved in creating standards of medical care. Lack of training, outlines and guidelines in the field of communication and geriatrics, in the treatment and care of elderly patients result in ignorance, intuitive, incomplete and accidental action, without intentional continuity, what may result in deterioration of care and may contribute to an increase in perioperative mortality of older people.","PeriodicalId":391651,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Public Health","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123142691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Goniewicz, Patrycja Misztal-Okońska, Adam Gorgol
{"title":"The role and responsibilities of the raramedic in the State Medical Rescue System","authors":"M. Goniewicz, Patrycja Misztal-Okońska, Adam Gorgol","doi":"10.2478/PJPH-2019-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/PJPH-2019-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The profession of paramedic is a recent profession functioning in Poland since 1992. Over those 27 years the training, the role and responsibilities given to paramedics have undergone many changes. Initially, paramedics were trained in two-year colleges (post-secondary schools) and were not qualified to administer medical emergency treatment (medical rescue procedures) at the place of accidents. At present, they are educated at universities and are qualified to apply emergency medical treatment by themselves, inter alia to ensure the safe transport of the injured person in a life-threatening emergency, provide mental support to the injured, and carry out health education and promotion. Moreover, they are the core personnel of the State Medical Rescue System (PRM). The goal of the study was to present the history of the establishment of paramedical profession and its current role and responsibilities in the PRM.","PeriodicalId":391651,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Public Health","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128031549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bartłomiej Jan Kożuchowski, Bartłomiej Kwiatkowski
{"title":"Contemporary architecture and urban planning of urban multi-family housing, and the state of health of the society","authors":"Bartłomiej Jan Kożuchowski, Bartłomiej Kwiatkowski","doi":"10.2478/pjph-2019-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2019-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. For years, the influence of place of residence on human health has been the subject of interest of researchers from various scientific disciplines. The basic task in shaping space is to create conditions for proper mental and physical development, the experience of beauty, family life, social and individual life. Biotechnology, psychology and sociology, taking into account technical and aesthetic requirements, are the main design criteria for residential buildings.The omission of the most important assumptions in the design of multi-family housing might be very harmful for residents and can be expressed, for example, in poor mood, reduced work efficiency, depression, an increase in the incidence of diseases and even an increase in mortality. Deepening knowledge about proper living conditions is very important in the pro-health aspect. Aim. An attempt to answer the question to what extent human development and life are subordinated to staying in specific rooms, dwellings, housing estate, district, and finally the city and the entire metropolitan foundation. Material and methods. This study is for demonstrative purposes based on a review of publications on the quality of life of residents of urban multi-family housing in the aspect of urban planning and architecture. Results. The correct insolation of residential premises, shapeof the block, the color and texture of the facade, the location and selection of greenery, lawns, paved surfaces and the layout of buildings are just some of the factors affecting the health of residents. Proper design, construction and operation reduce the presence of bacteria and mold fungi, which directly translates into microbiological health risks. Conclusions. For the proper existence of city dwellers, it is necessary to maximize the use of sunlight and to educate in the proper use of rooms. Raising health conditions, through both proper insolation and the location of flats, “urban interiors”, areas between residential buildings, thoroughfares, playgrounds, sports fields, recreational and recreational areas, directly translates into human health.","PeriodicalId":391651,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Public Health","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128906816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prevention of cardiovascular disease and eating behaviour in postmenopausal women","authors":"M. Dobrzyńska, J. Przysławski","doi":"10.2478/pjph-2019-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2019-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. A balanced diet can help to prevent cardiovascular diseases. It particularly applies to the increased risk patients, including postmenopausal women with dyslipidaemia. Aim. The aim of this study was to assess dietary habits, and consumption of selected nutrients which may have influence on the cardiovascular risk and determine nutritional knowledge in the group of women. Material and methods. The study was conducted in 60 postmenopausal women with dyslipidaemia. The nutritional status was assessed on the basis of anthropometric measurements. The assessment of nutrition was evaluated using a 24-hour dietary recall during 4 days. Based on the authors’ questionnaire, dietary habits and the level of knowledge on the cardiovascular risk factors were assessed. Results. The diet of the studied group of women was characterized by excessive supply of energy derived from fat and inappropriate supply of cholesterol, dietary fiber, sodium and vitamin D. Based on the assessed dietary habits, it was shown that the patients preferred foods with reduced fat content and mostly added salt for preparing their meals. Knowledge of factors affecting cardiovascular risk was insufficient. Conclusions. Inadequate diet with insufficient nutritional knowledge in the studied group of women may significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases in the future.","PeriodicalId":391651,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130984409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Healthy Stadia Programme: innovative approach to health promotion","authors":"Agnieszka Szychowska, J. Ruszkowska, W. Drygas","doi":"10.2478/pjph-2019-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2019-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sports stadia play an important role in local communities, therefore they are seen as very suitable places for various health promotion programmes. Since 2005, the Healthy Stadia programme has become a new standard for establishing policies regarding health promotion in local communities and during big international tournaments. This programme is an example of an effective setting-based approach to health promotion. Being funded by the European Union Public Health Programme, it has gained popularity in many European countries and also in Canada and Australia. Key parts of the programme include policies on tobacco and alcohol control, healthy food options and physical activity promotion on stadium grounds. Healthy Stadia programme proved to be an effective tool for promoting healthy lifestyle at many sports stadia. The programme is constantly improving and developing new projects, like Football Fans in Training (FFIT) or European Fans in Training (EuroFIT). This article provides an introduction to the programme’s main parts as well as its origins and future projects. Poland is active member of the Healthy Stadia since 2007.","PeriodicalId":391651,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Public Health","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114510761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}