Polish Journal of Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Nicotine addiction – a health problem in adolescents in a neurobiological context","authors":"Elzbieta Grzywacz, Maria Grzymkowska, Jolanta Chmielowiec, A. Grzywacz, Aleksandra Strońska-Pluta, J. Masiak, K. Chmielowiec","doi":"10.2478/pjph-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Smoking is one of the leading causes of death which can be prevented in the developed countries. Smoking begins mainly in adolescence. Smoking in early adolescence is known to be associated with an increased risk of later addiction. Also the growing popularity of e-cigarettes, which attract young people with a variety of flavors, and are still little associated with harmful effects on health, unlike regular cigarettes. Exposure to nicotine in young people can affect learning, memory and attention, and lead to increased impulsivity, mood disorders and drug dependence. Nicotine and its derivatives are harmful to the human body, causing a significant increase in blood pressure, deterioration of blood supply to the vessels and acceleration of atherosclerotic processes, it has a detrimental effect on the gastric mucosa, causing gastric disorders. In addition, smoking is associated with the risk of many cancers: oral cavity, larynx, esophagus, lung, pancreas, kidney, liver and bladder. Nicotine addiction causes many health, social and financial consequences for the individual and the community as a whole. Multiple nicotine addiction risk SNPs were found in the CHRNA5/A3/B4 gene cluster, with the best reported results for the risk allele derived from the non-synonymous SNP, rs16969968, in CHRNA5. Therefore, in the problem of addiction, including nicotine addiction, it seems important to know the neurobiological factors, including genetic ones, involved in these processes. This could lead to the development of new pharmacological and behavioral treatment strategies in the future.","PeriodicalId":391651,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Public Health","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127913816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The patient as an aggressor","authors":"Aleksandra Piąta, K. Kocańda, O. Adamczyk-Gruszka","doi":"10.2478/pjph-2022-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2022-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite the development of medicine, acts of violence against health care professionals, are a current, frequent and widespread phenomenon. In Poland, many health care staff are entitled by law to legal protection provided for public officials. Therefore, criminal offenses against them are more severely punished. In the years 2018-2019, research was carried out on acts of aggression that had been experienced by a group of 249 health care staff in health care facilities in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. Just slightly more than 7.5% of the respondents indicated that they had not experienced aggression, which only confirms the scale of the problem. Therefore, managers of health care facilities should use all possible means to limit the extent of attacks and prevent their possible consequences..","PeriodicalId":391651,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Public Health","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124875165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical and physical UV filters","authors":"B. Nieradko-Iwanicka, Klaudia Wysokińska","doi":"10.2478/pjph-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. The European Code Against Cancer recommends protection from overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) light to reduce the risk of developing skin cancers. The most harmful sub-range of UV is UVB. Aim. The aim of the study was to collect information on the available means of protection against solar radiation, in particular UV filters, and the mechanism of their action. Material and methods. Together 24 publications and 2 legal acts on UV filters were analyzed. Results. Chemical filters are aromatic molecules, the carboxyl group of which under the influence of energy from absorbed radiation undergoes isomerization. The substances classified as chemical filters are para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), p-methoxycinaminic acid derivatives and octocrylene. Physical or mineral filters include substances of mineral origin. Two types of products are used: colored pigments with a particle size of 200-300 µm and „micronized” zinc oxide or titanium oxide pigments with a particle size of 20 to 80 nm. This group includes titanium oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxides and mica-titanium oxide system. Conclusions. Chemical and physical UV filters differ in the way they work and range of possible side effects. Most often the sunscreens available on the market contain chemical UV filters or a mixture of chemical and physical ones.","PeriodicalId":391651,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Public Health","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133249981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening in healthcare workers: lessons learned from the first months of COVID-19 outbreak in Europe. Significance of serology testing for effective pandemic management and reduction of the occupational risk","authors":"Daria Burdalska, A. Konka, Szymon Woroszyło, Kliwia Piórkowska, J. Zembala-John, Marlena Golec, Martyna Fronczek, R. Bułdak","doi":"10.2478/pjph-2022-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2022-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. Detected in 2019 in Wuhan, China, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has changed almost all aspects of human lives. It has had an enormous impact on societies, economies and politics across the world. Nevertheless, first and foremost, it has led to a global health crisis on an unprecedented scale. Since the pandemic’s beginning, one of the greatest global challenges has been to stop the spread of infection among healthcare workers (HCWs). As a front-line fighters, they are at higher risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 than other professions. Aim. The study aimed to determine the role of serological testing among HCWs by analyzing screening results for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in this group in 12 European countries during the first wave of the pandemic. Material and methods. Pubmed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and WHO COVID-19 databases were searched for studies on screening among HCWs using immunoassays or chemiluminescence assays for preventive purposes and determining the percentage of HCWs with acquired immunity to SARS-CoV-2. The number of 30 papers were selected. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) percentage was analyzed, and determination of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies and their diagnostic usefulness. Results. The screening results of HCWs were juxtaposed with epidemic situation of that time and public health measures in given country. Conclusion. Introduction of routine serological testing of HCWs could be a valuable strategy to monitor the occupational risk in this group and effectiveness of local epidemic management strategies.","PeriodicalId":391651,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Public Health","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130100549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban air pollution and emergency department visits for influenza","authors":"M. Szyszkowicz, Nicholas de Angelis","doi":"10.2478/pjph-2022-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2022-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. There is a large body of research which suggests that air pollutants might affect infectious diseases, their transmission, severity, and a length of recovery. Aim. The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between ambient air pollution and emergency department (ED) visits for influenza and viral pneumonia in Toronto, Canada. Material and Methods. The National Ambulatory Care Reporting System database was used to drawn ED visits (4 282 days). Five ambient air pollutants: carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, ozone (CO, NO2, SO2, O3, O3H8 – ozone as a maximum eight hour average, respectively), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were examined. In addition, the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI; combines NO2, O3, and PM2.5) was tested. Conditional Poisson models were constructed using daily counts of ED visits. Temperature and relative humidity in the models were represented by natural splines. Air pollutants and weather factors were lagged by 0 to 14 days. The analysis was done by strata of age group, sex, and two seasons. Results. In the period of the study, 26,200 ED visits were identified; 13,963 for females and 12,237 for males. For each air pollutant, 270 models were generated (18 strata × 15 lags). Ambient air pollution concentrations lagged by 10 and 11 days have the highest impact on ED visits, with 48 and 47 positive associations, respectively. Ozone has 181, sulphur dioxide has 104, and PM2.5 has 76 among the 417 total positive statistically significant (P-Value<0.05) associations. For all persons an increase (12.8 ppb) in ambient ozone lagged by 0, 1, and 2 days gives the following relative risks and their 95% confidence intervals 1.214 (1.135, 1.299), 1.200 (1.121, 1.284), and 1.179 (1.102, 1.263), respectively. Conclusion. The results suggest that exposures to urban ambient air pollution affect the number of ED visits for viral respiratory illness.","PeriodicalId":391651,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Public Health","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124801529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the OPRM1 gene polymorphism and its methylation in people in dependence on substances and with different intensity of pain","authors":"Łukasz Zadroga, Elzbieta Grzywacz, Maria Grzymkowska, Jolanta Chmielowiec, J. Masiak, Aleksandra Strońska-Pluta, A. Grzywacz, K. Chmielowiec","doi":"10.2478/pjph-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Opioid receptors belong to the group of Gi and Go coupled receptors, inhibiting the activity of the neuron. Opioid receptors regulate reward and aversion. The opioid system contributes to self and species survival by promoting reward elicited by natural stimuli (such as food, sex and social interaction), regulating mood states and facilitating efficient coping with pain and stress. It is suggested that OPRM1 polymorphism is associated with alcohol consumption especially increased in the case of G alleles subjects than A-alleles homozygotes. In several studies, OPRM1 methylation was suspected to be predictive factor of opioid dependence in pain treatment. The relationship of postoperative or preoperative pain with methylation of some CpG sites in the OPRM1 promoter has also been demonstrated. It is known that OPRM1 SNPs provide changes in the structure of the MOR receptor, so by confirming the pharmacogenetic effects of OPRM1 polymorphisms and using these results to guide therapeutic decisions, patients can be prescribed treatment options with the best efficacy and greatest tolerance. Pharmacogenomics of OPRM1 can improve pain management by predicting individual response to pain medications before treatment and facilitate the development of new and more effective pain medications for post-operative pain.","PeriodicalId":391651,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Public Health","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114606512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiome in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","authors":"G. Boryczka, E. Kosiorowska, Jakub Świętek, Kaja Głowacka, M. Waluga","doi":"10.2478/pjph-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The human gut microbiome is composed of communities of bacteria, viruses and fungi. Bacteria live in each part of digestive tract, increasing their density and changing composition in distal parts. The composition of gut microbiome mainly depends on method of childbirth, age, gender, diet, stress, infections, alcohol intake, diurnal variation, smoking, drugs (antibiotics), physical activity. Dysbiosis is defined as an imbalance or maladaptation in the gut microbial community. This imbalance favors many pathological states and it could be due to some diseases. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become increasingly common in parallel with the increasing prevalence of obesity and other components of the metabolic syndrome. In year 2020, a more comprehensive new definition of NAFLD was proposed – fatty liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction (MAFLD). NAFLD/MALFD will become the major form of chronic liver disease in adults and children and could become the leading indication for liver transplantation within a decade. An increased level of Bacteroidetes and decreased level of Firmicutes is observed in fatty liver disease. This imbalance favors the collection of energy and insulin resistance. The prevention and treatment of dysbiosis in NAFLD/MAFLD is essential. The purpose of this review is an understanding related to the dysbiosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in order to help physicians of different specialties in their clinical practice because of growing in population patients with metabolic syndrome and liver steatosis.","PeriodicalId":391651,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Public Health","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134067435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Job burnout and empathy among different healthcare professionals","authors":"Magdalena Fryze, M. Samardakiewicz","doi":"10.2478/pjph-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. Burnout and empathy affect employees in social professions due to the demanding work environment. Characterized, among others, by: stress, experiencing failure, workload and its multitasking. At the same time, social professions require high interpersonal skills, active listening, communication, empathy, patience and interest from people who practice them. Aim. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of occupational burnout on showing empathy among medical personnel towards patients. Material and methods. The research was conducted among a group of 104 nurses and 103 doctors, working in hospitals and clinics located in urban areas. The nurses’ mean age is 37,35 (SD=11.32), the doctors’ mean age is 32.50 (SD=8.29).The surveyed persons completed a set of questionnaires: Self-authorship sheet for collecting sociodemographic data, Link Burnout Questionnaire by Massimo Santinello, and Personal Empathy Questionnaire by Zenon Uchnast. Results. The conducted research shows a negative correlation between occupational burnout and the empathy of medical personnel. Research also shows that burnout affects younger medical staff with a short period of work and wage-driven. On the other hand, empathy is visible above the age of 40. Conclusion. The research deepened the knowledge about the factors of burnout, which have an impact on the negative perception of development opportunities, failure to perceive work efficiency and the perception of the professional situation as significantly exceeding the individual’s abilities. Negative correlations between burnout and staff empathy indicate a lack of burnout in empathetic people. However, you should bear in mind that having mature empathy protects you from burnout.","PeriodicalId":391651,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Public Health","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131325071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controversies about selenium supplementation","authors":"K. Ruszel, P. Pokorski, B. Nieradko-Iwanicka","doi":"10.2478/pjph-2021-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2021-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. Selenium (Se) is a trace element found mainly in meat, seafood, nuts and grains. Se is found in selenoproteins such as selenocystein or selenomethionin. A well balanced diet provides enough Se. Many regulatory and metabolic enzymes contain Se as their component, which is why Se supplementation is used in the treatment as well as prevention of multiple disorders. Se may, however, be toxic if overdosed. Aim. The aim of this review is to summarize the data about functions of Se in human body and to discuss its use in treatment and prevention of diseases. Materials and methods. The search was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases in March and April 2020. The key words used were: ‘selenium’, ‘cardiovascular disease’, ‘selenium supplementation’, ‘Keshan disease’, ‘source of selenium’. A total of 68 articles were analysed. Results. The first cases of chronic Se deficiency cases were documented 85 years ago in China. The patients with cardiomyopathy, extensive fibrosis and degenerative changes in the heart were diagnosed with Keshan disease. Human selenoproteonome consists of at least 25 selenoproteins. Se plays a role in immunity and metabolism via its role in functioning of numerous enzymes: glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxine and methionine sulfoxide reductase, methionine-sulfoxide reductase B1. Se plays a role in glucose homeostasis, Alzheimer’s disease, thyroid disorders, infectious, inflammatory diseases, vascular diseases and fertility. Conclusion. Se deficiency increases the risk of Keshan disease, but there is not enough evidence to recommend its supplementation for prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, Se status is important part of health assessment. Se supplementation should not exceed the dose of 55μg/day.","PeriodicalId":391651,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Public Health","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125017841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid diseases and mental illness together with behavioural disorders versus mental illness together with behavioural disorders and thyroid diseases","authors":"J. Herda, P. Okoński, Agnieszka Parfin, Krystian Wdowiak, Marek Kos","doi":"10.2478/pjph-2021-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2021-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction. Numerous authors have undertaken research on the coexistence of mental health disorders and thyroid disease. They have not been able to clearly demonstrate which illness came first. Aim. The main purpose of this work is to asses the coexistence of thyroid disease with mental health conditions and disorders in behaviour. This work is based on a retrospective study and has shown frequent coexistence of thyroid disease with mental health or behaviour disorders. Material and methods. The research method was a retrospective study carried out on the basis of medical records of patients of primary care clinics in the city of Lublin. The criterion for qualifying patients for the study was having a diagnosis, according to ICD 10, from at least one of the following groups: thyroid diseases E03-E07, mental health conditions F00-F 99 and behavioral disorders R44-R46. Results. In total, 243 patients were qualified for the study. In this group 193 people are women and the remaining 50 are men. Among patients with isolated diseases, 28% of them have only diagnosed thyroid disease; every third patient (30%) has diagnosed mental health illness or behavioural disorders. The Fisher test showed a relationship between thyroid diseases and mental health conditions including behavioural disorders (p=0.0000). A group of people with hypothyroidism in the course of Hashimoto’s disease has been identified. The results of the prevalence of the disease were observed dividing by gender and age. Hashimoto’s disease occurs in the group of 15% women and 4% men. Pearson’s Chi2 test showed a relationship between the incidence of Hashimoto’s disease and gender (p=0.037). The quota coefficient showed that this relationship is weak (0.13). The disease is more common in women. Conclusions. There is a close relationship between the incidence of thyroid disease and mental health illness, including behavioural disorders. Patients with co-morbidity are significantly more likely to present mental illnesses and disorders. The dominance of mental illnesses and disorders is three times higher compared to thyroid diseases.","PeriodicalId":391651,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Public Health","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114685813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}