M. Ercegovac, E. Swartzlander, Joseph R. Cavallaro, P. Ienne, A. Tenca
{"title":"Message from the conference chairs","authors":"M. Ercegovac, E. Swartzlander, Joseph R. Cavallaro, P. Ienne, A. Tenca","doi":"10.1109/ASAP.2011.6043224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASAP.2011.6043224","url":null,"abstract":"We welcome you to the 22nd IEEE International Conference on Applicationspecific Systems, Architectures and Processors (ASAP 2011). This year's event takes place in Santa Monica, California, USA, a beautiful coastal town in the Los Angeles Metropolitan area, rich in cultural, entertainment, and outdoor attractions. On its journey to Santa Monica, the conference has been held in many places around the globe including Oxford (1986), San Diego (1988), Killarney (1989), Princeton (1990), Barcelona (1991), Berkeley (1992), Venice (1993), San Francisco (1994), Strasbourg (1995), Chicago (1996), Zurich (1997), Boston (2000), San Jose (2002), The Hague (2003), Galveston (2004), Samos (2005), Steamboat Springs (2006), Montreal (2007), Leuven (2008), Boston (2009), and Rennes (2010).","PeriodicalId":391594,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial and Embedded Systems","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132908677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An IDE for component-based design of embedded real-time software","authors":"J. Wiklander, Johan Eriksson, P. Lindgren","doi":"10.1109/SIES.2011.5953677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIES.2011.5953677","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes work in progress on a tool for component-based design of embedded real-time software. The tool supports graphical modeling of software systems using concurrent reactive objects and components, as well as generation of C code from the model. The resulting application code can then be combined with a lightweight kernel for execution on bare metal.","PeriodicalId":391594,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial and Embedded Systems","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124679872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Keskin, M. V. D. Heuvel, R. J. Bril, J. Lukkien, M. Behnam, Thomas Nolte
{"title":"An engineering approach to synchronization based on overrun for compositional real-time systems","authors":"U. Keskin, M. V. D. Heuvel, R. J. Bril, J. Lukkien, M. Behnam, Thomas Nolte","doi":"10.1109/SIES.2011.5953671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIES.2011.5953671","url":null,"abstract":"Hierarchical scheduling frameworks (HSFs) provide means for composing complex real-time systems from well-defined independently developed and analyzed subsystems. To support shared logical resources requiring mutual exclusive access in two-level HSFs, overrun without payback has been proposed as a mechanism to prevent budget depletion during resource access arbitrated by the stack resource policy (SRP). In this paper, we revisit the global schedulability analysis of synchronization protocols based on SRP and overrun without payback for fixed-priority scheduled HSFs. We derive a new global schedulability analysis based on the observation that the overrun budget is merely meant to prevent budget depletion during global resource access. The deadline of a subsystem therefore only needs to hold for its normal budget rather than the sum of the normal and overrun budget. Our novel analysis is considerably simpler than an earlier, initially improved analysis, which improved both the original local and global schedulability analyses. We evaluate the new analysis based on an extensive simulation study and compare the results with the existing analysis. Our simplified analysis does not significantly affect schedulability compared to the initially improved analysis. It is therefore proposed as a preferable engineering approach to synchronization protocols for compositional real-time systems. We accordingly present the implementation of our improvement in an OSEK-compliant real-time operating system to sketch its applicability in today's industrial automotive standards. Both implementation and run-time overheads are discussed providing measured results1.","PeriodicalId":391594,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial and Embedded Systems","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124312619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yue Lu, Thomas Nolte, I. Bate, J. Kraft, C. Norström
{"title":"Assessment of trace-differences in timing analysis for Complex Real-Time Embedded Systems","authors":"Yue Lu, Thomas Nolte, I. Bate, J. Kraft, C. Norström","doi":"10.1109/SIES.2011.5953672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIES.2011.5953672","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we look at identifying temporal differences between different versions of Complex Real-Time Embedded Systems (CRTES) by using timing traces representing response times and execution times of tasks. In particular, we are interested in being able to reason about whether a particular change to CRTES will impact on their temporal performance, which is difficult to answer due to the complicated timing behavior such CRTES have. To be specific, we first propose a sampling mechanism to eliminate dependencies existing in tasks' response time and execution time data in the traces taken from CRTES, which makes any statistical inference in probability theory and statistics realistic. Next, we use a mature statistical method, i.e., the non-parametric two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, to assess the possible temporal differences between different versions of CRTES by using timing traces. Moreover, we introduce a method of reducing the number of samples used in the analysis, while keeping the accuracy of analysis results. This is not trivial, as collecting a large amount of samples in terms of executing real systems is often costly. Our evaluation using simulation models describing an industrial robotic control system with complicated tasks' timing behavior, indicates that the proposed method can successfully identify temporal differences between different versions of CRTES, if there is any. Furthermore, our proposed method outperforms the other statistical methods, e.g., bootstrap and permutation tests, that are often widely used in contexts, in terms of bearing on the accuracy of results when other methods have failed.","PeriodicalId":391594,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial and Embedded Systems","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125622681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Let's get less optimistic in measurement-based timing analysis","authors":"S. Bünte, Michael Zolda, R. Kirner","doi":"10.1109/SIES.2011.5953663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIES.2011.5953663","url":null,"abstract":"Measurement-based timing analysis (MBTA) is a hybrid approach that combines execution time measurements with static program analysis techniques to obtain an estimate of the worst-case execution time (WCET) of a program. In order to minimize the chance that the WCET estimate is below the real WCET, the set of representative execution-time measurements has to be selected advisedly. We present an input data generation technique that uses a combination of model checking and genetic algorithms in order to heuristically optimize the set of measurements in terms of safety.","PeriodicalId":391594,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial and Embedded Systems","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116990642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robustness in dynamical and control systems","authors":"R. Wisniewski","doi":"10.1109/SIES.2011.5953661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIES.2011.5953661","url":null,"abstract":"We compile some results on robustness of dynamical and control systems. As control theory is preoccupied with stability problems, the robustness put forward in this paper is related to stability. We ask the question whether an asymptotically stable system remains asymptotically stable when perturbations are affecting it. We analyze robustness of control systems by examining vector fields in Cr topology, by studying associated Lyapunov functions, and by studying corresponding input-output maps. In the first case, we conclude that there is an open set of perturbations such that the system that is affected by them stays asymptotically stable. In the second case, we estimate the size of perturbations that do not destabilize the system. In the third and last case, we provide conditions on the gains of the interconnected systems such that the closed loop system has finite gain.","PeriodicalId":391594,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial and Embedded Systems","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128831070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A methodology for designing energy-aware secure embedded systems","authors":"Mehrdad Saadatmand, A. Cicchetti, Mikael Sjödin","doi":"10.1109/SIES.2011.5953687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIES.2011.5953687","url":null,"abstract":"Bringing security aspects in earlier phases of development is one of the major shifts in software development trend. Model-driven development which helps with raising the abstraction level and facilitating earlier analysis and verification is a promising approach in this regard and there have been several efforts on modeling security aspects. However, the issue is that when it comes to embedded systems, non-functional requirements such as security are so interconnected that in order to satisfy one, trade-off analysis with other ones are necessary. Energy consumption is one of these requirements which is of great importance in embedded systems domain due to resource limitations that these systems have. In this paper, focusing on security and energy consumptions we propose a new methodology for model-driven design of embedded systems to bring energy measurements and estimations earlier in development phases and thus identify security design decisions that cause violations of specified energy requirements.","PeriodicalId":391594,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial and Embedded Systems","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125304598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"State Design Pattern Implementation of a DSP processor: A case study of TMS5416C","authors":"Tanin Afacan","doi":"10.1109/SIES.2011.5953682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIES.2011.5953682","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an empirical study of the impact of State Design Pattern Implementation on the memory and execution time of popular fixed-point DSP processor from Texas Instruments; TMS320VC5416. Actually, the object-oriented approach is known to introduce a significant performance penalty compared to classical procedural programming [1]. One can find the studies of the object-oriented penalty on the system performance, in terms of execution time and memory overheads in the literature. Since, to the author's best knowledge the study of the overheads of Design Patterns (DP) in the embedded system programming is not widely published in the literature. The main contribution of the paper is to bring further evidence that embedded system software developers have to consider the memory and the execution time overheads of DPs in their implementations. The results of the experiment show that implementation in C++ with DP increases the memory usage and the execution time but meanwhile these overheads would not prevent embedded system software developers to use DPs.","PeriodicalId":391594,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial and Embedded Systems","volume":"96 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116632319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaume Joven, Per Strict, David Castells-Rufas, Akash Bagdia, G. Micheli, J. Carrabina
{"title":"HW-SW implementation of a decoupled FPU for ARM-based Cortex-M1 SoCs in FPGAs","authors":"Jaume Joven, Per Strict, David Castells-Rufas, Akash Bagdia, G. Micheli, J. Carrabina","doi":"10.1109/SIES.2011.5953649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIES.2011.5953649","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays industrial monoprocessor and multiprocessor systems make use of hardware floating-point units (FPUs) to provide software acceleration and better precision due to the necessity to compute complex software applications. This paper presents the design of an IEEE-754 compliant FPU, targeted to be used with ARM Cortex-M1 processor on FPGA SoCs. We face the design of an AMBA-based decoupled FPU in order to avoid changing of the Cortex-M1 ARMv6-M architecture and the ARM compiler, but as well to eventually share it among different processors in our Cortex-M1 MPSoC design. Our HW-SW implementation can be easily integrated to enable hardware-assisted floating-point operations transparently from the software application. This work reports synthesis results of our Cortex-M1 SoC architecture, as well as our FPU in Altera and Xilinx FPGAs, which exhibit competitive numbers compared to the equivalent Xilinx FPU IP core. Additionally, single and double precision tests have been performed under different scenarios showing best case speedups between 8.8× and 53.2× depending on the FP operation when are compared to FP software emulation libraries.","PeriodicalId":391594,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial and Embedded Systems","volume":"715 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133085090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farahnaz Yekeh, M. Pordel, L. Almeida, M. Behnam, P. Portugal
{"title":"Exploring alternatives to scale FTT-SE to large networks","authors":"Farahnaz Yekeh, M. Pordel, L. Almeida, M. Behnam, P. Portugal","doi":"10.1109/SIES.2011.5953692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SIES.2011.5953692","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, most complex embedded systems follow a distributed approach in which a network interconnects potentially large numbers of nodes. One technology that is being increasingly used is switched Ethernet, but real-time variants of this protocol typically limit scalability. In this paper, we focus on the scalability of the Flexible Time Triggered communication over Switched Ethernet (FTT-SE), which has been proposed to support hard real-time applications in a flexible and predictable manner. Moreover, time-triggered and event-triggered communication methods are supported in this protocol. FTT-SE has already been explored and investigated for small scale networked applications. In this paper we address the protocol scalability and suggest three different solutions with a qualitative assessment.","PeriodicalId":391594,"journal":{"name":"2011 6th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial and Embedded Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115502355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}