Journal of Chiropractic Humanities最新文献

{"title":"Pedagogical Approaches to Diagnostic Imaging Education: A Narrative Review of the Literature","authors":"Kathleen L. Linaker DC, DACBR, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2015.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2015.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to examine literature on how radiology<span> is taught and learned by both radiology residents and undergraduates in the health professions.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A review of the literature was performed using relevant key words. Articles were retrieved through December 2012 using PubMed, ScienceDirect, ERIC, Proquest, and ICL databases along with a manual review of references.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 4716 unique abstracts reviewed by the author, 91 were found to be relevant to the purpose of this study. The literature retrieved reported pedagogical approaches to teaching radiology including the following: problem solving, technology as teacher, independent learning tools, visiting lectureships, case based teaching, and conferences. There was some exploration of the relative effectiveness of educational formats. Suggestions for future research identify 7 areas of relative consistency.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Radiology is a clinical skill that requires integration science, clinical information, clinical experiences, and information recorded on diagnostic imaging studies. The research in this area focuses on problem solving, the use of algorithm/scripts, introducing uncertainty in clinical scenarios, incorporating technology in learning environments, active learning techniques, and methods of independent learning. Although the literature in this area is still in its infancy, the research examining the relative effectiveness of these various educational formats is often contradictory, suggesting that this is a complex area of study with numerous factors influencing student learning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"22 1","pages":"Pages 9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2015.09.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54127801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Publicly Available Documents to Trace Chiropractic Technique Systems That Advocate Radiography for Subluxation Analysis: A Proposed Genealogy","authors":"Kenneth J. Young DC, DACBR, MAppSc (Med Imaging)","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2014.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2014.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate publicly available information of chiropractic<span> technique systems that advocate radiography for subluxation detection to identify links between chiropractic technique systems and to describe claims made of the health effects of the osseous misalignment component of the chiropractic subluxation and radiographic paradigms.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The Internet and publicly available documents were searched for information representing chiropractic technique systems that advocate radiography for subluxation detection. Key phrases including <em>chiropractic</em>, <em>x-ray</em>, <em>radiography</em>, and <em>technique</em><span> were identified from a Google search between April 2013 and March 2014. Phrases in Web sites and public documents were examined for any information about origins and potential links between these techniques, including the type of connection to BJ Palmer, who was the first chiropractor to advocate radiography for subluxation detection. Quotes were gathered to identify claims of health effects from osseous misalignment (subluxation) and paradigms of radiography. Techniques were grouped by region of the spine and how they could be traced back to B.J Palmer. A genealogy model and summary table of information on each technique were created. Patterns in year of origination and radiographic paradigms were noted, and percentages were calculated on elements of the techniques’ characteristics in comparison to the entire group.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Twenty-three techniques were identified on the Internet: 6 full spine, 17 upper cervical, and 2 techniques generating other lineage. Most of the upper cervical techniques (14/16) traced their origins to a time when the Palmer School was teaching upper cervical technique, and all the full spine techniques (6/6) originated before or after this phase. All the technique systems’ documents attributed broad health effects to their methods. Many (21/23) of the techniques used spinal realignment on radiographs as one of their outcome measures.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Chiropractic technique systems in this study (ie, those that advocate for radiography for subluxation misalignment detection) seem to be closely related by descent, their claims of a variety of health effects associated with chiropractic subluxation, and their radiographic paradigms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2014.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32844343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chiropractic Professionalization and Accreditation: An Exploration of the History of Conflict Between Worldviews Through the Lens of Developmental Structuralism","authors":"Simon A. Senzon MA, DC","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2014.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2014.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this commentary is to describe the conflicts in the history of chiropractic’s professionalization and conflict through the path of increasing educational standards and accreditation using the lens of developmental structuralism.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Within the story of chiropractic’s professionalization and accreditation lie the battles between competing worldviews. Gibbons proposed 4 periods of chiropractic’s educational history; this article proposes a fifth period along with a new methodological approach to explore the complexity of chiropractic’s history. The methodology draws upon constructive developmental psychology and proposes 5 levels of thinking common to the individuals from chiropractic’s history. By using a psychological framework to analyze historical events, it appears that the battle within chiropractic education continues at present. Several important issues are explored: the Council on Chiropractic Education's origins in the medical paradigm and rational thinking, the pre-rational, rational, and post-rational critics of the Council on Chiropractic Education, the schools of thought that were reified or emerged from the history, as well as the more recent legal, economic, and social pressures, which helped to shape chiropractic's accreditation and professionalization.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>A transrational approach, one that includes the partial truths of all perspectives, is a first step to allow for a richer understanding of how the interior worldviews, individual actions, and the exterior forces (legal, economic, political, and educational) brought forth the chiropractic clashes together. Viewing the conflicts within chiropractic from this approach may foster new educational structures to evolve.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 25-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2014.10.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32844344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning From a Lifetime of Leading Effective Change","authors":"Claire Johnson DC, MSEd ,&nbsp;Gerard Clum DC ,&nbsp;Wright L. Lassiter Jr. EdD ,&nbsp;Reed Phillips DC, PhD ,&nbsp;Louis Sportelli DC ,&nbsp;James C. Hunter","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2014.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2014.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this article is to report on the opening plenary session of the Association of Chiropractic Colleges Educational Conference—Research Agenda Conference (ACC-RAC) 2014, “Aiming for Effective Change: Leadership in Chiropractic Education, Research and Clinical Practice.”</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Speakers with extensive backgrounds with implementing substantial change on a broad level shared personal examples from their experiences in education, research, political organizations, and clinical practice. They described efforts, challenges, and opportunities that are encountered in order to implement effective change and shared their personal thoughts on leadership.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Each of the speakers shared their diverse, unique insights and personal experiences to convey the process and meaning of leadership.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 65-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2014.09.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32843203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Our Nation's Health Care System: Inclusion of Chiropractic in Patient-Centered Medical Homes and Accountable Care Organizations","authors":"William C. Meeker DC, MPH ,&nbsp;R.W. Watkins MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Karl C. Kranz DC, JD ,&nbsp;Scott D. Munsterman DC ,&nbsp;Claire Johnson DC, MSEd","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2014.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2014.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p><span>This report summarizes the closing plenary session of the Association of Chiropractic Colleges Educational Conference—Research Agenda Conference 2014. The purpose of this session was to examine patient-centered medical homes and </span>accountable care organizations<span> from various speakers’ viewpoints and to discuss how chiropractic could possibly work within, and successfully contribute to, the changing health care environment.</span></p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The speakers addressed the complex topic of patient-centered medical homes and accountable care organizations and provided suggestions for what leadership strategies the chiropractic profession may need to enhance chiropractic participation and contribution to improving our nation’s health.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>There are many factors involved in the complex topic of chiropractic inclusion in health care models. Major themes resulting from this panel included the importance of building relationships with other professionals, demonstrating data and evidence for what is done in chiropractic practice, improving quality of care, improving health of populations, and reducing costs of health care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"21 1","pages":"Pages 49-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2014.09.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32843202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copyright Form","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1556-3499(14)00018-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1556-3499(14)00018-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"21 1","pages":"Page A7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1556-3499(14)00018-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136999576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing a theoretical basis for research in musculoskeletal epidemiology: a proposal for the use of biopsychosocial theory in investigations of back pain and smoking","authors":"Bart N. Green DC, MSEd ,&nbsp;Claire D. Johnson DC, MSEd","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2013.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2013.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This article discusses the need for theoretical foundations in epidemiological research of musculoskeletal conditions and suggests the use of biopsychosocial theory when designing epidemiological studies. The association between smoking and back pain is used as an example.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Theory-driven musculoskeletal epidemiologic research is not common. In the epidemiological study of musculoskeletal conditions, there are multiple potential causes of a disease or disorder. Classic biomedical theory is not well suited to explain such phenomena. Biopsychosocial theory is a means through which investigators might formulate hypotheses for testing relationships between smoking, back pain, and other variables. Various types of conceptual frameworks and analytical models can be informed by biopsychosocial theory.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Biopsychosocial theory is well suited for public health and epidemiological studies on musculoskeletal conditions, such as the relation between back pain and smoking, and may be useful to address the multivariable inputs for this association. Although it is not a perfect model, it provides theoretical guidance to inform the research question, an element of research design that is lacking in modern-day epidemiologic reports.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"20 1","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2013.10.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32539256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight gain as a consequence of living a modern lifestyle: a discussion of barriers to effective weight control and how to overcome them","authors":"David R. Seaman DC, MS","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2013.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2013.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this commentary is to discuss modern lifestyle factors that promote weight gain and to suggest methods for clinicians to more effectively educate patients about weight management.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p><span>Most adults in the United States are overweight or obese. Multiple factors related to the modern lifestyle appear to play causal roles. In general, the population maintains sedentary lives and overconsumes calorie-dense foods. In particular, refined carbohydrates negatively impact metabolism and stimulate neural addiction mechanisms, which facilitate weight gain. As adipose tissue mass accumulates, satiation centers in the </span>hypothalamus<span> become resistant to insulin and leptin, which leads to increased caloric consumption. Several behavior issues further augment weight gain, such as eating too quickly, a lack of sleep, high stress levels, and a lack of exercise. Finally, adipose tissue accumulation alters the body weight set point, which leads to metabolic changes that function to resist weight loss<span> efforts. Each of these factors may work together to augment weight gain and promote obesity. Health care providers, such as chiropractic physicians, who educate patients on wellness, prevention, and lifestyle changes are well positioned to address these issues.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>People need to be educated about the modern lifestyle factors that prevent effective weight management. Without this knowledge and the associated practical application of lifestyle choices that prevent weight gain, becoming overweight or obese appears to be an unavoidable consequence of living a modern lifestyle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"20 1","pages":"Pages 27-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2013.08.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32539260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The John A. Sweaney Lecture: Vilamoura, Portugal, May 2007, given by Dr John A. Sweaney. Chiropractic: in pursuit of professionalism","authors":"John A. Sweaney AM, DC","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2013.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2013.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The following is <em>The John A. Sweaney Lecture</em><span> delivered by Dr John A. Sweaney at the Biannual Assembly of the World Federation of Chiropractic in Vilamoura, Portugal, on May 16, 2007.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"20 1","pages":"Pages 38-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2013.10.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32539261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The John A. Sweaney Lecture: Durbin, South Africa, April 2013, given by Dr Louis Sportelli. The 100 year test: can that tell us something?","authors":"Louis Sportelli DC","doi":"10.1016/j.echu.2013.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.echu.2013.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The following is <em>The John A. Sweaney Lecture</em><span> delivered by Dr Louis Sportelli at the Biannual Assembly of the World Federation of Chiropractic in Durban, South Africa, on April 12, 2013.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":39103,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chiropractic Humanities","volume":"20 1","pages":"Pages 43-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.echu.2013.10.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32539262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}