International Journal of Cell Biology最新文献_第7页

Regulated Hyaluronan Synthesis by Vascular Cells. 血管细胞调节透明质酸合成。

International Journal of Cell Biology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-09-10 DOI: 10.1155/2015/208303

Manuela Viola, Evgenia Karousou, Maria Luisa D'Angelo, Ilaria Caon, Giancarlo De Luca, Alberto Passi, Davide Vigetti

{"title":"Regulated Hyaluronan Synthesis by Vascular Cells.","authors":"Manuela Viola, Evgenia Karousou, Maria Luisa D'Angelo, Ilaria Caon, Giancarlo De Luca, Alberto Passi, Davide Vigetti","doi":"10.1155/2015/208303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/208303","url":null,"abstract":"Cellular microenvironment plays a critical role in several pathologies including atherosclerosis. Hyaluronan (HA) content often reflects the progression of this disease in promoting vessel thickening and cell migration. HA synthesis is regulated by several factors, including the phosphorylation of HA synthase 2 (HAS2) and other covalent modifications including ubiquitination and O-GlcNAcylation. Substrate availability is important in HA synthesis control. Specific drugs reducing the UDP precursors are able to reduce HA synthesis whereas the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) increases the concentration of HA precursor UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) leading to an increase of HA synthesis. The flux through the HBP in the regulation of HA biosynthesis in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was reported as a critical aspect. In fact, inhibiting O-GlcNAcylation reduced HA production whereas increased O-GlcNAcylation augmented HA secretion. Additionally, O-GlcNAcylation regulates HAS2 gene expression resulting in accumulation of its mRNA after induction of O-GlcNAcylation with glucosamine treatments. The oxidized LDLs, the most common molecules related to atherosclerosis outcome and progression, are also able to induce a strong HA synthesis when they are in contact with vascular cells. In this review, we present recent described mechanisms involved in HA synthesis regulation and their role in atherosclerosis outcome and development. ","PeriodicalId":39084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"2015 ","pages":"208303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/208303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34240811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 30

Size Matters: Molecular Weight Specificity of Hyaluronan Effects in Cell Biology. 大小问题:细胞生物学中透明质酸作用的分子量特异性。

International Journal of Cell Biology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-09-10 DOI: 10.1155/2015/563818

Jaime M Cyphert, Carol S Trempus, Stavros Garantziotis

引用次数: 279

Extracellular Vesicles from Caveolin-Enriched Microdomains Regulate Hyaluronan-Mediated Sustained Vascular Integrity. 来自小泡蛋白富集微域的细胞外小泡调节透明质酸介导的持续血管完整性。

International Journal of Cell Biology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-09-10 DOI: 10.1155/2015/481493

Tamara Mirzapoiazova, Frances E Lennon, Bolot Mambetsariev, Michael Allen, Jacob Riehm, Valeriy A Poroyko, Patrick A Singleton

{"title":"Extracellular Vesicles from Caveolin-Enriched Microdomains Regulate Hyaluronan-Mediated Sustained Vascular Integrity.","authors":"Tamara Mirzapoiazova, Frances E Lennon, Bolot Mambetsariev, Michael Allen, Jacob Riehm, Valeriy A Poroyko, Patrick A Singleton","doi":"10.1155/2015/481493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/481493","url":null,"abstract":"Defects in vascular integrity are an initiating factor in several disease processes. We have previously reported that high molecular weight hyaluronan (HMW-HA), a major glycosaminoglycan in the body, promotes rapid signal transduction in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVEC) leading to barrier enhancement. In contrast, low molecular weight hyaluronan (LMW-HA), produced in disease states by hyaluronidases and reactive oxygen species (ROS), induces HPMVEC barrier disruption. However, the mechanism(s) of sustained barrier regulation by HA are poorly defined. Our results indicate that long-term (6-24 hours) exposure of HMW-HA induced release of a novel type of extracellular vesicle from HLMVEC called enlargeosomes (characterized by AHNAK expression) while LMW-HA long-term exposure promoted release of exosomes (characterized by CD9, CD63, and CD81 expression). These effects were blocked by inhibiting caveolin-enriched microdomain (CEM) formation. Further, inhibiting enlargeosome release by annexin II siRNA attenuated the sustained barrier enhancing effects of HMW-HA. Finally, exposure of isolated enlargeosomes to HPMVEC monolayers generated barrier enhancement while exosomes led to barrier disruption. Taken together, these results suggest that differential release of extracellular vesicles from CEM modulate the sustained HPMVEC barrier regulation by HMW-HA and LMW-HA. HMW-HA-induced specialized enlargeosomes can be a potential therapeutic strategy for diseases involving impaired vascular integrity. ","PeriodicalId":39084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"2015 ","pages":"481493"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/481493","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34241838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

The role of hyaluronan in innate defense responses of the intestine. 透明质酸在肠道先天防御反应中的作用。

International Journal of Cell Biology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-03-30 DOI: 10.1155/2015/481301

Carol A de la Motte, Sean P Kessler

引用次数: 22

Hyaluronan Synthase: The Mechanism of Initiation at the Reducing End and a Pendulum Model for Polysaccharide Translocation to the Cell Exterior. 透明质酸合酶:还原端起始机制和多糖向细胞外转运的钟摆模型。

International Journal of Cell Biology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-09-10 DOI: 10.1155/2015/367579

Paul H Weigel

{"title":"Hyaluronan Synthase: The Mechanism of Initiation at the Reducing End and a Pendulum Model for Polysaccharide Translocation to the Cell Exterior.","authors":"Paul H Weigel","doi":"10.1155/2015/367579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/367579","url":null,"abstract":"Hyaluronan (HA) biosynthesis has been studied for over six decades, but our understanding of the biochemical details of how HA synthase (HAS) assembles HA is still incomplete. Class I family members include mammalian and streptococcal HASs, the focus of this review, which add new intracellular sugar-UDPs at the reducing end of growing hyaluronyl-UDP chains. HA-producing cells typically create extracellular HA coats (capsules) and also secrete HA into the surrounding space. Since HAS contains multiple transmembrane domains and is lipid-dependent, we proposed in 1999 that it creates an intraprotein HAS-lipid pore through which a growing HA-UDP chain is translocated continuously across the cell membrane to the exterior. We review here the evidence for a synthase pore-mediated polysaccharide translocation process and describe a possible mechanism (the Pendulum Model) and potential energy sources to drive this ATP-independent process. HA synthases also synthesize chitin oligosaccharides, which are created by cleavage of novel oligo-chitosyl-UDP products. The synthesis of chitin-UDP oligomers by HAS confirms the reducing end mechanism for sugar addition during HA assembly by streptococcal and mammalian Class I enzymes. These new findings indicate the possibility that HA biosynthesis is initiated by the ability of HAS to use chitin-UDP oligomers as self-primers. ","PeriodicalId":39084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"2015 ","pages":"367579"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/367579","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34092965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 97

Utilization of Glycosaminoglycans/Proteoglycans as Carriers for Targeted Therapy Delivery. 糖胺聚糖/蛋白聚糖作为靶向治疗载体的应用。

International Journal of Cell Biology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-09-10 DOI: 10.1155/2015/537560

Suniti Misra, Vincent C Hascall, Ilia Atanelishvili, Ricardo Moreno Rodriguez, Roger R Markwald, Shibnath Ghatak

引用次数: 24

Modulation Effects of Curcumin on Erythrocyte Ion-Transporter Activity. 姜黄素对红细胞离子转运体活性的调节作用。

International Journal of Cell Biology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-09-02 DOI: 10.1155/2015/630246

Prabhakar Singh, Syed Ibrahim Rizvi

{"title":"Modulation Effects of Curcumin on Erythrocyte Ion-Transporter Activity.","authors":"Prabhakar Singh, Syed Ibrahim Rizvi","doi":"10.1155/2015/630246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/630246","url":null,"abstract":"Curcumin ((1E,6E)-1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione), the yellow biphenolic pigment isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa), has various medicinal benefits through antioxidation, anti-inflammation, cardiovascular protection, immunomodulation, enhancing of the apoptotic process, and antiangiogenic property. We explored the effects of curcumin in vitro (10(-5) M to 10(-8) M) and in vivo (340 and 170 mg/kg b.w., oral) on Na(+)/K(+) ATPase (NKA), Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) activity, and membrane lipid hydroperoxides (ROOH) in control and experimental oxidative stress erythrocytes of Wistar rats. As a result, we found that curcumin potently modulated the membrane transporters activity with protecting membrane lipids against hydro-peroxidation in control as well as oxidatively challenged erythrocytes evidenced by stimulation of NKA, downregulation of NHE, and reduction of ROOH in the membrane. The observed results corroborate membrane transporters activity with susceptibility of erythrocyte membrane towards oxidative damage. Results explain the protective mechanism of curcumin against oxidative stress mediated impairment in ions-transporters activity and health beneficial effects. ","PeriodicalId":39084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"2015 ","pages":"630246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/630246","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34218651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Hyaluronan Synthesis, Catabolism, and Signaling in Neurodegenerative Diseases. 神经退行性疾病中透明质酸的合成、分解代谢和信号传导。

International Journal of Cell Biology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-09-10 DOI: 10.1155/2015/368584

Larry S Sherman, Steven Matsumoto, Weiping Su, Taasin Srivastava, Stephen A Back

{"title":"Hyaluronan Synthesis, Catabolism, and Signaling in Neurodegenerative Diseases.","authors":"Larry S Sherman, Steven Matsumoto, Weiping Su, Taasin Srivastava, Stephen A Back","doi":"10.1155/2015/368584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/368584","url":null,"abstract":"The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA), a component of the extracellular matrix, has been implicated in regulating neural differentiation, survival, proliferation, migration, and cell signaling in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). HA is found throughout the CNS as a constituent of proteoglycans, especially within perineuronal nets that have been implicated in regulating neuronal activity. HA is also found in the white matter where it is diffusely distributed around astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Insults to the CNS lead to long-term elevation of HA within damaged tissues, which is linked at least in part to increased transcription of HA synthases. HA accumulation is often accompanied by elevated expression of at least some transmembrane HA receptors including CD44. Hyaluronidases that digest high molecular weight HA into smaller fragments are also elevated following CNS insults and can generate HA digestion products that have unique biological activities. A number of studies, for example, suggest that both the removal of high molecular weight HA and the accumulation of hyaluronidase-generated HA digestion products can impact CNS injuries through mechanisms that include the regulation of progenitor cell differentiation and proliferation. These studies, reviewed here, suggest that targeting HA synthesis, catabolism, and signaling are all potential strategies to promote CNS repair. ","PeriodicalId":39084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"2015 ","pages":"368584"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/368584","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34240813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 61

Regulatory T Cells Resist Cyclosporine-Induced Cell Death via CD44-Mediated Signaling Pathways. 调节性T细胞通过cd44介导的信号通路抵抗环孢素诱导的细胞死亡。

International Journal of Cell Biology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-09-10 DOI: 10.1155/2015/614297

Shannon M Ruppert, Ben A Falk, S Alice Long, Paul L Bollyky

引用次数: 20

Hyperglycemia-Induced Changes in Hyaluronan Contribute to Impaired Skin Wound Healing in Diabetes: Review and Perspective. 高血糖诱导的透明质酸改变有助于糖尿病皮肤伤口愈合受损:综述和观点。

International Journal of Cell Biology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-09-10 DOI: 10.1155/2015/701738

Sajina Shakya, Yan Wang, Judith A Mack, Edward V Maytin

{"title":"Hyperglycemia-Induced Changes in Hyaluronan Contribute to Impaired Skin Wound Healing in Diabetes: Review and Perspective.","authors":"Sajina Shakya, Yan Wang, Judith A Mack, Edward V Maytin","doi":"10.1155/2015/701738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/701738","url":null,"abstract":"Ulcers and chronic wounds are a particularly common problem in diabetics and are associated with hyperglycemia. In this targeted review, we summarize evidence suggesting that defective wound healing in diabetics is causally linked, at least in part, to hyperglycemia-induced changes in the status of hyaluronan (HA) that resides in the pericellular coat (glycocalyx) of endothelial cells of small cutaneous blood vessels. Potential mechanisms through which exposure to high glucose levels causes a loss of the glycocalyx on the endothelium and accelerates the recruitment of leukocytes, creating a proinflammatory environment, are discussed in detail. Hyperglycemia also affects other cells in the immediate perivascular area, including pericytes and smooth muscle cells, through exposure to increased cytokine levels and through glucose elevations in the interstitial fluid. Possible roles of newly recognized, cross-linked forms of HA, and interactions of a major HA receptor (CD44) with cytokine/growth factor receptors during hyperglycemia, are also discussed. ","PeriodicalId":39084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cell Biology","volume":"2015 ","pages":"701738"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/701738","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34240817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 47