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Breaking the Wheel, Credibility, and Hermeneutical Injustice: A Response to Harris. 打破车轮、可信度和解释学上的不公正：对哈里斯的回应。
Philosophy and Technology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1007/s13347-024-00828-7
Taylor Matthews
{"title":"Breaking the Wheel, Credibility, and Hermeneutical Injustice: A Response to Harris.","authors":"Taylor Matthews","doi":"10.1007/s13347-024-00828-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-024-00828-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this short paper, I respond to Keith Raymond Harris' paper \"Synthetic Media, The Wheel, and the Burden of Proof\". In particular, I examine his arguments against two prominent approaches employed to deal with synthetic media such as deepfakes and other GenAI content, namely, the \"reactive\" and \"proactive\" approaches. In the first part, I raise a worry about the problem Harris levels at the reactive approach, before providing a constructive way of expanding his worry regarding the proactive approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":39065,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy and Technology","volume":"37 4","pages":"138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11607036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Technology and Neutrality 技术与中立
Philosophy and Technology Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI: 10.1007/s13347-023-00672-1
Sybren Heyndels
{"title":"Technology and Neutrality","authors":"Sybren Heyndels","doi":"10.1007/s13347-023-00672-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-023-00672-1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper clarifies and answers the following question: is technology morally neutral? It is argued that the debate between proponents and opponents of the Neutrality Thesis depends on different underlying assumptions about the nature of technological artifacts. My central argument centres around the claim that a mere physicalistic vocabulary does not suffice in characterizing technological artifacts as artifacts, and that the concepts of function and intention are necessary to describe technological artifacts at the right level of description. Once this has been established, I demystify talk about the possible value-ladenness of technological artifacts by showing how these values can be empirically identified. I draw from examples in biology and the social sciences to show that there is a non-mysterious sense in which functions and values can be empirically identified. I conclude from this that technology can be value-laden and that its value-ladenness can both derive from the intended functions as well as the harmful non-intended functions of technological artifacts.","PeriodicalId":39065,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy and Technology","volume":" 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135290695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Commentary on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Islamic Ethics: Towards Pluralist Ethical Benchmarking for AI 伊斯兰伦理中的人工智能(AI):走向人工智能的多元伦理标杆
Philosophy and Technology Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1007/s13347-023-00677-w
Amana Raquib
{"title":"Commentary on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Islamic Ethics: Towards Pluralist Ethical Benchmarking for AI","authors":"Amana Raquib","doi":"10.1007/s13347-023-00677-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-023-00677-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39065,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy and Technology","volume":"50 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135432592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Islamic Ethics: Towards Pluralist Ethical Benchmarking for AI 伊斯兰伦理中的人工智能:走向人工智能的多元伦理基准
Philosophy and Technology Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13347-023-00668-x
Ezieddin Elmahjub
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Islamic Ethics: Towards Pluralist Ethical Benchmarking for AI","authors":"Ezieddin Elmahjub","doi":"10.1007/s13347-023-00668-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-023-00668-x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper explores artificial intelligence (AI) ethics from an Islamic perspective at a critical time for AI ethical norm-setting. It advocates for a pluralist approach to ethical AI benchmarking. As rapid advancements in AI technologies pose challenges surrounding autonomy, privacy, fairness, and transparency, the prevailing ethical discourse has been predominantly Western or Eurocentric. To address this imbalance, this paper delves into the Islamic ethical traditions to develop a framework that contributes to the global debate on optimal norm setting for designing and using AI technologies. The paper outlines Islamic parameters for ethical values and moral actions in the context of AI's ethical uncertainties. It emphasizes the significance of both textual and non-textual Islamic sources in addressing these uncertainties while placing a strong emphasis on the notion of \"good\" or \" maṣlaḥa \" as a normative guide for AI's ethical evaluation. Defining maṣlaḥa as an ethical state of affairs in harmony with divine will, the paper highlights the coexistence of two interpretations of maṣlaḥa : welfarist/utility-based and duty-based. Islamic jurisprudence allows for arguments supporting ethical choices that prioritize building the technical infrastructure for AI to maximize utility. Conversely, it also supports choices that reject consequential utility calculations as the sole measure of value in determining ethical responses to AI advancements.","PeriodicalId":39065,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy and Technology","volume":"69 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135222065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Metaverse: Andrew McStay’s Responses to Cody Turner 虚拟世界:Andrew McStay对Cody Turner的回应
Philosophy and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1007/s13347-023-00676-x
Andrew McStay
{"title":"The Metaverse: Andrew McStay’s Responses to Cody Turner","authors":"Andrew McStay","doi":"10.1007/s13347-023-00676-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-023-00676-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39065,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy and Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conceptual Engineering and Philosophy of Technology: Amelioration or Adaptation? 概念工程与技术哲学:改进还是适应?
Philosophy and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1007/s13347-023-00670-3
Jeroen Hopster, Guido Löhr
{"title":"Conceptual Engineering and Philosophy of Technology: Amelioration or Adaptation?","authors":"Jeroen Hopster, Guido Löhr","doi":"10.1007/s13347-023-00670-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-023-00670-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Conceptual Engineering (CE) is thought to be generally aimed at ameliorating deficient concepts. In this paper, we challenge this assumption: we argue that CE is frequently undertaken with the orthogonal aim of conceptual adaptation . We develop this thesis with reference to the interplay between technology and concepts. Emerging technologies can exert significant pressure on conceptual systems and spark ‘conceptual disruption’. For example, advances in Artificial Intelligence raise the question of whether AIs are agents or mere objects, which can be construed as a CE question regarding the concepts AGENT and OBJECT. We distinguish between three types of conceptual disruption (conceptual gaps, conceptual overlaps, and conceptual misalignments) and argue that when CE occurs to address these disruptions, its primary aim is not to improve concepts, but to retain their functional quality, or to prevent them from degrading. This is the characteristic aim of CE when undertaken in philosophy of technology: to preserve the functional role of a concept or conceptual scheme, rather than improving how a concept fulfills its respective function.","PeriodicalId":39065,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy and Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135887969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Technology and Civic Virtue 科技与公民美德
Philosophy and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1007/s13347-023-00669-w
Wessel Reijers
{"title":"Technology and Civic Virtue","authors":"Wessel Reijers","doi":"10.1007/s13347-023-00669-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-023-00669-w","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Today, a major technological trend is the increasing focus on the person: technical systems personalize, customize, and tailor to the person in both beneficial and troubling ways. This trend has moved beyond the realm of commerce and has become a matter of public governance, where systems for citizen risk scoring, predictive policing, and social credit scores proliferate. What these systems have in common is that they may target the person and her ethical and political dispositions, her virtues. Virtue ethics is the most appropriate approach for evaluating the impacts of these new systems, which has translated in a revival of talk about virtue in technology ethics. Yet, the focus on individual dispositions has rightly been criticized for lacking a concern with the political collective and institutional structures. This paper advocates a new direction of research into civic virtue, which is situated in between personal dispositions and structures of governance. First, it surveys the discourse on virtue ethics of technology, emphasizing its neglect of the political dimension of impacts of emerging technologies. Second, it presents a pluralist conception of civic virtue that enables us to scrutinize the impact of technology on civic virtue on three different levels of reciprocal reputation building, the cultivation of internal goods, and excellence in the public sphere. Third, it illustrates the benefits of this conceptions by discussing some paradigmatic examples of emerging technologies that aim to cultivate civic virtue.","PeriodicalId":39065,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy and Technology","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135888591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reply to Tom Sterkenburg’s Commentary 回复Tom Sterkenburg的评论
Philosophy and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/s13347-023-00674-z
David S. Watson
{"title":"Reply to Tom Sterkenburg’s Commentary","authors":"David S. Watson","doi":"10.1007/s13347-023-00674-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-023-00674-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39065,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy and Technology","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135993830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Balancing Caution and the Need for Change: The General Contextual Integrity Approach 平衡谨慎和改变的需要:一般的上下文完整性方法
Philosophy and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1007/s13347-023-00671-2
Elizabeth O’Neill
{"title":"Balancing Caution and the Need for Change: The General Contextual Integrity Approach","authors":"Elizabeth O’Neill","doi":"10.1007/s13347-023-00671-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-023-00671-2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this reply to van de Poel’s ( Philosophy &amp; Technology , 35 (3), 82, 2022) commentary on O’Neill ( Philosophy &amp; Technology , 35 (79), 2022), I discuss two worries about the general contextual integrity approach to evaluating technological change. First, I address van de Poel’s concern that the general contextual integrity approach will not supply the right guidance in cases where morally problematic technological change poses no threat to contextual integrity. Second, I elaborate on how the approach supplies mechanisms for balancing caution with the need for change.","PeriodicalId":39065,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy and Technology","volume":"274-275 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136080027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Metaverse: Virtual Metaphysics, Virtual Governance, and Virtual Abundance 虚拟世界:虚拟形而上学、虚拟治理和虚拟富足
Philosophy and Technology Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1007/s13347-023-00666-z
Cody Turner
{"title":"The Metaverse: Virtual Metaphysics, Virtual Governance, and Virtual Abundance","authors":"Cody Turner","doi":"10.1007/s13347-023-00666-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-023-00666-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In his article ‘The Metaverse: Surveillant Physics, Virtual Realist Governance, and the Missing Commons,’ Andrew McStay addresses an entwinement of ethical, political, and metaphysical concerns surrounding the Metaverse, arguing that the Metaverse is not being designed to further the public good but is instead being created to serve the plutocratic ends of technology corporations. He advances the notion of ‘surveillant physics’ to capture this insight and introduces the concept of ‘virtual realist governance’ as a theoretical framework that ought to guide Metaverse design and regulation. This commentary article primarily serves as a supplementary piece rather than a direct critique of McStay’s work. First, I flag certain understated or overlooked nuances in McStay’s discussion. Then, I extend McStay’s discussion by juxtaposing a Lockean inspired argument supporting the property rights of Metaverse creators with an opposing argument advocating for a Metaverse user's ‘right to virtual abundance,’ informed by the potential of virtual reality technology to eliminate scarcity in virtual worlds. Contrasting these arguments highlights the tension between corporate rights and social justice in the governance of virtual worlds and bears directly on McStay’s assertion that there is a problem of the missing commons in the early design of the Metaverse.","PeriodicalId":39065,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy and Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136254460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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