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Relational Autonomy and Vulnerability in Military Bioenhancement: A Commentary on "Super Soldiers or Social Burden?" 军事生物强化中的关系自主性与脆弱性：评“超级战士还是社会负担？”
AJOB Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1080/21507740.2025.2559066
Jed P Mangal
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引用次数: 0
Don't Overlook the Soul: Spiritual Readiness in a Holistic Approach for Enhanced Veteran Reintegration. 不要忽视灵魂：加强退伍军人重返社会的整体方法中的精神准备。
AJOB Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1080/21507740.2025.2557816
Andrew Schmitz
{"title":"Don't Overlook the Soul: Spiritual Readiness in a Holistic Approach for Enhanced Veteran Reintegration.","authors":"Andrew Schmitz","doi":"10.1080/21507740.2025.2557816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21507740.2025.2557816","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39022,"journal":{"name":"AJOB Neuroscience","volume":"16 4","pages":"334-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Memory Modulation for Warfighters. 战士的记忆调制。
AJOB Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1080/21507740.2025.2519432
Andrea Lavazza
{"title":"Memory Modulation for Warfighters.","authors":"Andrea Lavazza","doi":"10.1080/21507740.2025.2519432","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21507740.2025.2519432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper explores the potential of memory modulation techniques (MMTs) to alleviate psychological distress among veterans and active-duty soldiers, particularly in cases of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and moral injury. While conventional treatments have shown limited success, emerging pharmacological and neurotechnological interventions-such as propranolol, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and optogenetics-offer new possibilities for mitigating the emotional burden of traumatic memories. For this reason, there appears to be an obligation to invest in the research of such techniques to ensure relief for veterans, toward whom society seems to bear a responsibility. However, these techniques raise important ethical concerns related to personal identity, moral responsibility, and the preservation of war memories. The paper examines the implications of memory modulation in military contexts, not only as a therapeutic tool but also in relation to potential risks, including its misuse for desensitizing soldiers or erasing accountability. A distinction is drawn between PTSD and moral injury, emphasizing that the latter, rooted in guilt and self-recrimination, presents specific ethical challenges. To ensure responsible implementation, the study suggests the necessity of independent ethical oversight, including specialized professionals (<i>gatekeepers</i>) tasked with guiding decision-making. By addressing both individual well-being and broader societal concerns, particularly regarding the role of memory in the context of war, this paper aims at contributing to the ongoing ethical debate on the future of memory modulation in military and clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":39022,"journal":{"name":"AJOB Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"286-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144498279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Review of a Theory of the Super Soldier, the Morality of Capacity-Increasing Technologies in the Military, by Jean-François Caron. 《超级士兵理论述评：军事能力提升技术的道德性》，作者：让-弗朗索瓦·卡隆。
AJOB Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1080/21507740.2025.2530954
Karolina Zhukoff
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引用次数: 0
Inflicting vs Suffering Injustice: A Morally Relevant Distinction for Traumatic Memory Modulation. 施加与遭受不公正：创伤记忆调制的道德相关区别。
AJOB Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1080/21507740.2025.2557823
Paul Rezkalla
{"title":"Inflicting vs Suffering Injustice: A Morally Relevant Distinction for Traumatic Memory Modulation.","authors":"Paul Rezkalla","doi":"10.1080/21507740.2025.2557823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21507740.2025.2557823","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39022,"journal":{"name":"AJOB Neuroscience","volume":"16 4","pages":"311-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reintegration Beyond the Medical Model: The Case of Warfighter Advance. 超越医学模式的重新融合：战士前进的案例。
AJOB Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1080/21507740.2025.2519446
Mary Neal Vieten
{"title":"Reintegration Beyond the Medical Model: The Case of Warfighter Advance.","authors":"Mary Neal Vieten","doi":"10.1080/21507740.2025.2519446","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21507740.2025.2519446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>All military members are \"enhanced\" relative to civilians counterparts roughly in three levels (original to author). Regardless of the level of enhancement, learning and cumulative experience permanently change in the individual warfighter creating specific challenges when faced with reintegration to garrison life, civilian communities, and their families. At this point, warfighters are encouraged to seek medical assistance, an approach that does not come without a high toll on the individual. Warfighter Advance was developed by a cohort of experienced warfighters who found the psychiatric paradigm of reintegration to be inadequate, reductionistic and doomed to fail on the individual level, with some aspects flatly unethical. Warfighter Advance is not an alternative treatment, but an alternative to treatment full stop. Warfighter Advance is an alternative to the medical model, and a normative blueprint for how the Department of Defense, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and others should view and approach warfighter reintegration.</p>","PeriodicalId":39022,"journal":{"name":"AJOB Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"337-341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enhancing the Warfighter: Ethical, Legal, and Strategic Implications of Brain-Machine Interface-Enabled Military Exoskeletons. 增强作战人员：脑机接口军事外骨骼的伦理、法律和战略意义。
AJOB Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1080/21507740.2025.2530952
Dov Greenbaum
{"title":"Enhancing the Warfighter: Ethical, Legal, and Strategic Implications of Brain-Machine Interface-Enabled Military Exoskeletons.","authors":"Dov Greenbaum","doi":"10.1080/21507740.2025.2530952","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21507740.2025.2530952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The integration of brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) with military exoskeletons represents a significant development in human-machine interaction, raising complex ethical, legal, and strategic challenges. Unlike conventional human enhancement technologies, BMI-exoskeleton systems translate neural intent directly into mechanical movement, generating new concerns regarding agency, accountability, long-term health outcomes, and the governance of neuroadaptive changes. This paper offers a structured interdisciplinary analysis, developing taxonomies of current technologies, tracing the historical trajectory of military exoskeleton development, and critically assessing the emerging convergence between exoskeletal augmentation and neural interface systems. We argue that BMI-exoskeletons constitute a distinct category of augmentation that blurs traditional boundaries between operator and tool, requiring governance frameworks attentive to both operational effectiveness and the ethical implications for individual service members, military institutions, and broader society. Drawing on research in engineering, neuroscience, military studies, and bioethics, we outline a comprehensive ethical-legal framework designed to guide the entire lifecycle of human enhancement-from recruitment and informed consent processes through active service, operational deployment, and post-discharge reintegration. Particular attention is given to autonomy, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, distributive justice, gender equity, and the risks associated with de-enhancement and neuroplastic adaptation. Recognizing the preliminary and rapidly evolving nature of empirical evidence in this domain, we emphasize the need for anticipatory, adaptive policy approaches that safeguard the dignity, rights, and long-term welfare of enhanced warfighters while ensuring that technological innovation proceeds with responsible, ethically-informed oversight.</p>","PeriodicalId":39022,"journal":{"name":"AJOB Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"222-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enhanced Warfighters, Nonmaleficence, and Empowerment. 增强战士，非恶意和授权。
AJOB Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1080/21507740.2025.2557815
Dale Murray
{"title":"Enhanced Warfighters, Nonmaleficence, and Empowerment.","authors":"Dale Murray","doi":"10.1080/21507740.2025.2557815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21507740.2025.2557815","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39022,"journal":{"name":"AJOB Neuroscience","volume":"16 4","pages":"265-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Will Memory Manipulating Technologies Benefit Soldiers? Two Arguments Against It. 记忆操纵技术会使士兵受益吗？反对它的两个理由。
AJOB Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1080/21507740.2025.2557824
Daichi Iijima, Eisuke Nakazawa
{"title":"Will Memory Manipulating Technologies Benefit Soldiers? Two Arguments Against It.","authors":"Daichi Iijima, Eisuke Nakazawa","doi":"10.1080/21507740.2025.2557824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21507740.2025.2557824","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39022,"journal":{"name":"AJOB Neuroscience","volume":"16 4","pages":"313-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Memory Remains: Reciprocity and Veteran Super Soldiers. 记忆依旧：互惠和资深超级战士。
AJOB Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1080/21507740.2025.2530951
Parker Crutchfield
{"title":"The Memory Remains: Reciprocity and Veteran Super Soldiers.","authors":"Parker Crutchfield","doi":"10.1080/21507740.2025.2530951","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21507740.2025.2530951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>By 2050, the United States' military anticipates being able to biomedically enhance the warfighting capacities of soldiers. These enhancements are highly invasive, and not only to the body. They are also highly invasive to the person. With these enhancements, super soldiers may lose control of their bodies and minds, sacrificing their autonomy. They could continue to sacrifice after discharge from the military. The memories of the experiences of being enhanced persist, which may continue to undermine the veteran super soldier's autonomy. This extraordinary sacrifice requires extraordinary reciprocity. I argue that one method of providing an appropriate reciprocal return is to provide veteran super soldiers with memory manipulating technologies (MMT). An antecedent requirement is thus that the military pursue research in optogenetic MMTs alongside other optogenetic research. There are numerous objections to the use of MMTs, but their administration to veteran super soldiers can evade and overcome these objections.</p>","PeriodicalId":39022,"journal":{"name":"AJOB Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"248-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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