World Electric Vehicle Journal最新文献_第2页

Shifting towards Electric Vehicles: A Case Study of Mercedes-Benz from the Perspective of Cross-Functional Teams and Workforce Transformation 转向电动汽车：从跨职能团队和劳动力转型的角度对梅赛德斯-奔驰公司的案例研究

IF 2.6

World Electric Vehicle Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15070325

C. Achillas, Parthena Iosifidou

{"title":"Shifting towards Electric Vehicles: A Case Study of Mercedes-Benz from the Perspective of Cross-Functional Teams and Workforce Transformation","authors":"C. Achillas, Parthena Iosifidou","doi":"10.3390/wevj15070325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15070325","url":null,"abstract":"The automotive industry’s shift towards electric vehicles (EVs) is driven by technological advancements and environmental concerns. This paper examines Mercedes-Benz’s strategy in this transition, highlighting the challenges and opportunities involved. Using thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with key professionals at Mercedes-Benz, the study reveals a dual strategy: integrating new talents with specific EV competencies and upskilling the existing workforce. This approach reflects the company’s recognition of evolving vehicle development requirements and commitment to maintaining a skilled workforce. Emphasis on data-driven functions highlights the industry’s shift towards technological advancements. The transition significantly impacts workforce roles, necessitating role reassignment and collaborative planning, indicating a culture of inclusivity and proactive change management. Challenges include the importance of mindset change and adaptability among employees, as well as managing overlapping traditional and EV projects, leading to increased workloads and compressed timelines. Tailored training and development strategies are essential for a comprehensive transition. Mercedes-Benz’s commitment to an electric-only strategy signals a clear future direction. However, this raises questions about workforce preparedness and ongoing skill development. The study offers insights into managing workforce transformation in the EV transition, contributing to academic discussions and providing practical guidance for industry professionals.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141815564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic Charging Optimization Algorithm for Electric Vehicles to Mitigate Grid Power Peaks 缓解电网功率峰值的电动汽车动态充电优化算法

IF 2.6

World Electric Vehicle Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15070324

Alain Aoun, Mehdi Adda, A. Ilinca, M. Ghandour, Hussein Ibrahim

{"title":"Dynamic Charging Optimization Algorithm for Electric Vehicles to Mitigate Grid Power Peaks","authors":"Alain Aoun, Mehdi Adda, A. Ilinca, M. Ghandour, Hussein Ibrahim","doi":"10.3390/wevj15070324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15070324","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) presents both opportunities and challenges for the electrical grid. While EVs offer a promising avenue for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels, their uncoordinated charging behavior can strain grid infrastructure, thus creating new challenges for grid operators and EV owners equally. The uncoordinated nature of electric vehicle charging may lead to the emergence of new peak loads. Grid operators typically plan for peak demand periods and deploy resources accordingly to ensure grid stability. Uncoordinated EV charging can introduce unpredictability and variability into peak load patterns, making it more challenging for operators to manage peak loads effectively. This paper examines the implications of uncoordinated EV charging on the electric grid to address this challenge and proposes a novel dynamic optimization algorithm tailored to manage EV charging schedules efficiently, mitigating grid power peaks while ensuring user satisfaction and vehicle charging requirements. The proposed “Proof of Need” (PoN) charging algorithm aims to schedule the charging of EVs based on collected data such as the state of charge (SoC) of the EV’s battery, the charger power, the number of connected vehicles per household, the end-user’s preferences, and the local distribution substation’s capacity. The PoN algorithm calculates a priority index for each EV and coordinates the charging of all connected EVs at all times in a way that does not exceed the maximum allocated power capacity. The algorithm was tested under different scenarios, and the results offer a comparison of the charging power demand between an uncoordinated EV charging baseline scenario and the proposed coordinated charging model, proving the efficiency of our proposed algorithm, thus reducing the charging demand by 40.8% with no impact on the overall total charging time.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

YOLO-ADual: A Lightweight Traffic Sign Detection Model for a Mobile Driving System YOLO-ADual：移动驾驶系统的轻量级交通标志检测模型

IF 2.6

World Electric Vehicle Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15070323

Simin Fang, Chengming Chen, Zhijian Li, Meng Zhou, Renjie Wei

{"title":"YOLO-ADual: A Lightweight Traffic Sign Detection Model for a Mobile Driving System","authors":"Simin Fang, Chengming Chen, Zhijian Li, Meng Zhou, Renjie Wei","doi":"10.3390/wevj15070323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15070323","url":null,"abstract":"Traffic sign detection plays a pivotal role in autonomous driving systems. The intricacy of the detection model necessitates high-performance hardware. Real-world traffic environments exhibit considerable variability and diversity, posing challenges for effective feature extraction by the model. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a detection model that is not only highly accurate but also lightweight. In this paper, we proposed YOLO-ADual, a novel lightweight model. Our method leverages the C3Dual and Adown lightweight modules as replacements for CPS and CBL modules in YOLOv5. The Adown module effectively mitigates feature loss during downsampling while reducing computational costs. Meanwhile, C3Dual optimizes the processing power for kernel feature extraction, enhancing computation efficiency while preserving network depth and feature extraction capability. Furthermore, the inclusion of the CBAM module enables the network to focus on salient information within the image, thus augmenting its feature representation capability. Our proposed algorithm achieves a mAP@0.5 of 70.1% while significantly reducing the number of parameters and computational requirements to 51.83% and 64.73% of the original model, respectively. Compared to various lightweight models, our approach demonstrates competitive performance in terms of both computational efficiency and accuracy.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Path Planning Algorithms for Smart Parking: Review and Prospects 智能停车的路径规划算法：回顾与展望

IF 2.6

World Electric Vehicle Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15070322

Zhonghai Han, Haotian Sun, Junfu Huang, Jiejie Xu, Yu Tang, Xintian Liu

{"title":"Path Planning Algorithms for Smart Parking: Review and Prospects","authors":"Zhonghai Han, Haotian Sun, Junfu Huang, Jiejie Xu, Yu Tang, Xintian Liu","doi":"10.3390/wevj15070322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15070322","url":null,"abstract":"Path planning algorithms are crucial components in the process of smart parking. At present, there are many path planning algorithms designed for smart parking. A well-designed path planning algorithm has a significant impact on the efficiency of smart parking. Firstly, this paper comprehensively describes the principles and steps of four types of path planning algorithms: the Dijkstra algorithm (including its optimized derivatives), the A* algorithm (including its optimized derivatives), the RRT (Rapidly exploring Random Trees) algorithm (including its optimized derivatives), and the BFS (Breadth First Search) algorithm. Secondly, the Dijkstra algorithm, the A* algorithm, the BFS algorithm, and the Dynamic Weighted A* algorithm were utilized to plan the paths required for the process of smart parking. During the analysis, it was found that the Dijkstra algorithm had the drawbacks of planning circuitous paths and taking too much time in the path planning for smart parking. Although the traditional A* algorithm based on the Dijkstra algorithm had greatly reduced the planning time, the effect of path planning was still unsatisfactory. The BFS (Breadth First Search) algorithm had the shortest planning time among the four algorithms, but the paths it plans were unstable and not optimal. The Dynamic Weighted A* algorithm could achieve better path planning results, and with adjustments to the weight values, this algorithm had excellent adaptability. This review provides a reference for further research on path planning algorithms in the process of smart parking.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Single-Snapshot Direction of Arrival Estimation for Vehicle-Mounted Millimeter-Wave Radar via Fast Deterministic Maximum Likelihood Algorithm 通过快速确定性最大似然算法进行车载毫米波雷达的单次到达方向估计

IF 2.6

World Electric Vehicle Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15070321

Hong Liu, Han Xie, Zhen Wang, Xianling Wang, Donghang Chai

{"title":"Single-Snapshot Direction of Arrival Estimation for Vehicle-Mounted Millimeter-Wave Radar via Fast Deterministic Maximum Likelihood Algorithm","authors":"Hong Liu, Han Xie, Zhen Wang, Xianling Wang, Donghang Chai","doi":"10.3390/wevj15070321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15070321","url":null,"abstract":"As one of the fundamental vehicular perception technologies, millimeter-wave radar’s accuracy in angle measurement affects the decision-making and control of vehicles. In order to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation of radar systems, a super-resolution angle measurement strategy based on the Fast Deterministic Maximum Likelihood (FDML) algorithm is proposed in this paper. This strategy sequentially uses Digital Beamforming (DBF) and Deterministic Maximum Likelihood (DML) in the Field of View (FoV) to perform a rough search and precise search, respectively. In a simulation with a signal-to-noise ratio of 20 dB, FDML can accurately determine the target angle in just 16.8 ms, with a positioning error of less than 0.7010. DBF, the Iterative Adaptive Approach (IAA), DML, Fast Iterative Adaptive Approach (FIAA), and FDML are subjected to simulation with two targets, and their performance is compared in this paper. The results demonstrate that under the same angular resolution, FDML reduces computation time by 99.30% and angle measurement error by 87.17% compared with the angular measurement results of two targets. The FDML algorithm significantly improves computational efficiency while ensuring measurement performance. It provides more reliable technical support for autonomous vehicles and lays a solid foundation for the advancement of autonomous driving technology.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141820385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a Low-Expansion and Low-Shrinkage Thermoset Injection Moulding Compound Tailored to Laminated Electrical Sheets 开发适用于层压电气板材的低膨胀低收缩热固性注塑化合物

IF 2.6

World Electric Vehicle Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15070319

Florian Braunbeck, Florian Schönl, Timo Preußler, Hans-Christian Reuss, Martin Demleitner, H. Ruckdaeschel, Philipp Berendes

{"title":"Development of a Low-Expansion and Low-Shrinkage Thermoset Injection Moulding Compound Tailored to Laminated Electrical Sheets","authors":"Florian Braunbeck, Florian Schönl, Timo Preußler, Hans-Christian Reuss, Martin Demleitner, H. Ruckdaeschel, Philipp Berendes","doi":"10.3390/wevj15070319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15070319","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a thermoset moulding compound designed for electrical machines with high power densities. The compound reduces residual stresses induced by the difference in thermal expansion during use and by shrinkage in the compound during the manufacturing process. To reduce the internal stresses in the compound, in the electrical sheet lamination and at their interface, first the moulding’s coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) must match that of the lamination because the CTE of the electrical sheets cannot be altered. Second, the shrinkage of the compound needs to be minimized because the moulding compound is injected around a prefabricated electrical sheet lamination. This provides greater freedom in the design of an electric motor or generator, especially if the thermoset needs to be directly bonded to the electrical sheet. The basic suitability of the material for the injection moulding process was iteratively optimised and confirmed by spiral flow tests. Due to the reduction of the residual stresses, the compound enables efficient cooling solutions for electrical machines with high power densities. This innovative compound can have a significant impact on electric propulsion systems across industries that use laminated electrical sheets.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study of an Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy Considering Split-Phase Voltage Quality 考虑分相电压质量的电动汽车充电策略研究

IF 2.6

World Electric Vehicle Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15070315

Fulu Yan, Mian Hua, Feng Zhao, Xuan Liang

{"title":"Study of an Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy Considering Split-Phase Voltage Quality","authors":"Fulu Yan, Mian Hua, Feng Zhao, Xuan Liang","doi":"10.3390/wevj15070315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15070315","url":null,"abstract":"Slow-charging electric vehicle (EV) loads are single-phase loads in the power distribution network (PDN). The random access of these EVs to the network brings to the forefront the split-phase voltage quality issues. Therefore, a two-layer EV charging strategy considering split-phase voltage quality is proposed in this paper. Issues with voltage unbalance (VU), split-phase voltage deviation (VD), and split-phase voltage harmonics (VHs) are included in the optimization objective model. An upgraded version of the multi-objective non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is used in the inner layer of the model and to pass the generated EV phase selection scheme to the outer layer. The outer layer consists of a split-phase harmonic current algorithm based on the forward–backward generation method, and feeds the voltage quality calculation results to the inner layer. After several iterations, the optimal EV phase selection scheme can be obtained when the inner layer algorithm satisfies the convergence condition. The results gained for the example indicate that the suggested EV charging approach can effectively handle the PDN’s split-phase voltage quality. Furthermore, it enhances the energy efficiency of PDN operations and promotes further energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Energy Consumption Estimation Method of Battery Electric Buses Based on Real-World Driving Data 基于真实世界驾驶数据的电池电动巴士能耗估算方法

IF 2.6

World Electric Vehicle Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15070314

Peng Wang, Qiao Liu, Nan Xu, Yang Ou, Yi Wang, Z. Meng, Ning Liu, Jiyao Fu, Jincheng Li

{"title":"Energy Consumption Estimation Method of Battery Electric Buses Based on Real-World Driving Data","authors":"Peng Wang, Qiao Liu, Nan Xu, Yang Ou, Yi Wang, Z. Meng, Ning Liu, Jiyao Fu, Jincheng Li","doi":"10.3390/wevj15070314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15070314","url":null,"abstract":"The estimation of energy consumption under real-world driving conditions is a prerequisite for optimizing bus scheduling and meeting the requirements of route operation, thereby promoting the large-scale application of battery electric buses. However, the limitation of data accuracy and the uncertainty of many factors, such as weather conditions, traffic conditions, and driving styles, etc. make accurate energy consumption estimation complicated. In response to these challenges, a new method for estimating the energy consumption of battery electric buses (BEBs) is proposed in this research. This method estimates the speed profiles of different driving styles and the energy consumption extremes using real-world driving data. First, this research provides the constraints on speed formed by environmental factors including weather conditions, route characteristics, and traffic characteristics. On this basis, there are two levels of estimation for energy consumption. The first level classifies different driving styles and constructs the corresponding speed profiles with the time interval (10 s), the same as real-world driving data. The second level further constructs the speed profiles with the time interval of 1 s by filling in the first-level speed profiles and estimating the energy consumption extremes. Finally, the estimated maximum and minimum value of energy consumption were compared with the true value and the results showed that the real energy consumption did not exceed the extremes we estimated, which proves the method we proposed is reasonable and useful. Therefore, this research can provide a theoretical foundation for the deployment of battery electric buses.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Consumer Sentiment on Sales of New Energy Vehicles: Evidence from Textual Analysis 消费者情绪对新能源汽车销售的影响：来自文本分析的证据

IF 2.6

World Electric Vehicle Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15070318

Yaqin Liu, Mengya Zhang, Xi Chen, Ke Li, Liwei Tang

{"title":"The Impact of Consumer Sentiment on Sales of New Energy Vehicles: Evidence from Textual Analysis","authors":"Yaqin Liu, Mengya Zhang, Xi Chen, Ke Li, Liwei Tang","doi":"10.3390/wevj15070318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15070318","url":null,"abstract":"The advancement of new energy vehicles (NEVs) represents a strategic initiative to combatting climate change, mitigating the energy crisis, and fostering green growth. Using provincial panel data from China between 2017 and 2022, in this study, we applied machine learning techniques for sentiment analysis of textual reviews, used word frequency statistics to explore consumers’ views on the attributes of new energy vehicles, and constructed a consumer sentiment index to study the impact of consumer sentiment on NEV sales. Considering the dependence of NEVs on a charging station, this paper explores the nonlinear impact of the popularity of charging stations on the relationship between consumer sentiment and sales of new energy vehicles. The findings indicate the potential for enhancement in the areas of space, interior design, and comfort of NEVs. Additionally, consumer sentiment was found to facilitate the diffusion of NEVs, with this effect being heterogeneous across different educational backgrounds, income levels, and ages. Furthermore, the availability of per capita public charging stations was shown to significantly reduce range anxiety and encourage consumer purchasing behavior.","PeriodicalId":38979,"journal":{"name":"World Electric Vehicle Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fractional Sliding Mode Observer Control Strategy for Three-Phase PWM Rectifier 三相 PWM 整流器的分数滑模观测器控制策略

IF 2.6

World Electric Vehicle Journal Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.3390/wevj15070316

Tao Wang, Xin Li, Jihui Zhang, Shenhui Chen, Jinghao Ma, Cunhao Lin

引用次数: 0