British Journal of Community Justice最新文献

{"title":"The Punishment Imperative: The Rise and Failure of Mass Incarceration in America","authors":"B. Schmidt","doi":"10.5860/choice.51-4739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.51-4739","url":null,"abstract":"THE PUNISHMENT IMPERATIVE: THE RISE AND FAILURE OF MASS INCARCERATION IN AMERICA Todd R. Clear and Natasha A. Frost (2014). New York: New York University Press. pp 258 (hdbk) 19.99 [pounds sterling]. ISBN 978-0-8147-1719-6 Clear and Frost introduce their book by defining what the 'Punishment Imperative' (PI) is, and how the 'grand social experiment' of mass incarceration has shaped the course of the American criminal justice system over the past several decades: '[T]he Punishment Imperative began with the co-alignment of an array of forces that came together to make the explosive growth in the penal system a social and political possibility.' The authors argue that rising crime rates, media attention to victimization, high political priority, an emerging, large pool of unemployed young black men that came to symbolize an urban 'enemy' in which to wage 'wars' against, and a political economy that emphasized get-tough politics propelled the prison population and extended the reach of the correctional system starting in the 1970s. The book's timeliness allows the analysis of this storyline to be advanced by proposing that 2009 marked a shift in the mass incarceration trajectory, as prison numbers began to meaningfully drop for the first time in years, which, they contend, signifies the fall of the Punishment Imperative. (12) The authors support this (somewhat tentative) claim by arguing that the dominant driver for the reduction of dependence and overuse of prisons is the present economic crisis, though it is more complex than simple austerity: 'So while the current fiscal crisis is a motivating factor for the downsizing of the correctional system, it is not by itself the cause. The de-escalation of punishment is possible mainly because the sentiment of punitiveness has undergone an important shift (11).' This book, then, is about the rise, failure, and fall of the Punishment Imperative. Because of that, it is an interesting read for established academics, practitioners, and students alike. The first several chapters present a thorough and well-researched navigation through the development and growth of the Punishment Imperative. To begin, the historical context which laid the groundwork for the turn in public and political punitiveness in the 1970s is outlined. This introduction leads to a sophisticated examination of the PI as a 'grand social experiment', in which the authors argue that the PI as a social and political experiment is particularly insidious because 'the goal was never articulated, the full array of consequences was never considered, and the momentum built even as the forces driving the policy shifts diminished' (57). This is a persuasive section, specifically because it addresses broader moral concerns about the impact of such wide-reaching, yet often racially targeted, state-sanctioned controls on community and social justice: 'concern about crime became shorthand for a broader concern about what many perceived as the general break","PeriodicalId":38894,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Community Justice","volume":"47 1","pages":"151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71145385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organised Sexual Abuse","authors":"Dev R. Maitra","doi":"10.4324/9780203082188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203082188","url":null,"abstract":"ORGANISED SEXUAL ABUSE Michael Salter (2013) Routledge. pp. 208. Pbk 26.99 [pounds sterling]. ISBN 978-1-138-78915-9 Salter's first book, Organised Sexual Abuse, is an ambitious attempt to provide a comprehensive account of paedophile networks, their means of operating, and their effects on victims. Whilst Salter ensures that a range of academic perspectives are included throughout the book, its most notable feature is the presence of extensive, firsthand accounts from victims; often graphic, and always harrowing, it is the inclusion of these first-person narratives which makes Organised Sexual Abuse both compelling and disturbing. Salter provides a unique insight into some of the most extreme forms of group sexual exploitation, and through eliciting responses from those subjected to this abuse, he ensures that his book is an authentic account of a sensitive area of study. Organised Sexual Abuse is divided into ten principal chapters, with each chapter containing various sub-divisions. Whilst this guides the reader through the subject matter, the headings and sub-headings of the chapters themselves are not in English. Although this is most probably a typographical error, it leads to difficultly when navigating oneself through the book, especially since the Contents and text of the book are both in English. With the exception of this oversight, Salter provides a comprehensive account of several forms of group paedophilia: ranging from incestuous abuse, to institutionalize paedophile groups, satanic child-abuse gangs and child-murder. Although Salter includes some data on the group sexual abuse of adults, the book's main focus is on child-victims. The first four chapters provide the reader with a detailed theoretical background to the subject; Chapters One and Two present a review of the existing literature, and contextualize the current findings through including the opinions of practitioners. Chapter Three goes on to provide an historical account of the origins of sadism, child abuse and abuse more generally. The information provided is detailed, and is representative of the more sociological approach which Salter adopts throughout the book. Although much of the existing work on child sex-abuse is more psychological/quantitative in its nature, Salter's qualitative methodology provides this topic with a 'human' context, revealing abuse through the eyes of survivors and victims. It is from Chapter Five that these accounts begin in earnest, starting with a harrowing case-study of the author's friend 'Sarah', and her prolonged exposure to organised abuse as a child and as an adult. What makes this chapter particularly compelling is that the author himself was friends with 'Sarah' during a period of this abuse. He was, therefore, a witness to the aftermath of her abuse and the stalking she was subjected to. This level of proximity between author and victim of crime is unusual in an academic text, yet it only serves to increase the vividness of the cha","PeriodicalId":38894,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Community Justice","volume":"12 1","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70575466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capital Punishment in Twentieth Century Britain: Audience, Justice, Memory","authors":"Christine Cody","doi":"10.5860/choice.185385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.185385","url":null,"abstract":"CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN TWENTIETH CENTURY BRITAIN: AUDIENCE, JUSTICE, MEMORY Lizzie Seal (2014) Abingdon: Routledge pp 188 Hbk 85.00 [pounds sterling]. ISBN 0978-0-415-62244-8 In 'Capital Punishment in Twentieth-Century Britain' Lizzie Seal has produced a fascinating, well researched and wide ranging book which examines the complexity of public perceptions of and responses to the perpetrators of crimes which did or once would have attracted the death penalty. This is a book about the everyday meanings and cultural life of capital punishment in twentieth-century Britain. The disappearance of the gallows from public view is the start point for this book. The end of execution as public spectacle in 1868 meant that the event itself whilst directly experienced behind prison walls by very few continued to be experienced by the wider population largely through imagination and representation. Lizzie Seal is interested in how people's experiences of execution by the state have been transformed over the decades since its withdrawal from public view. In chapters one and two, having offered an overview of capital punishment since 1868 and an examination of how in the twentieth century, executions were accessed primarily through the reading of newspapers, the author addresses the continuing role of capital punishment as entertainment and the anxieties this raised primarily around 'taste'. Chapters four and five explore protest against the death penalty and public responses to capital punishment as expressed in letters to the Home Office about specific cases. In particular she focuses on the symbol of justice as crucial for articulating anxieties about capital punishment in mid-twentieth century Britain. In Chapter six Lizzie Seal examines the political, legal and cultural significance of the Timothy Evans and Edith Thompson cases. Seal contends that in the years following their executions the cases of Evans and Thompson became 'emblematic of the failures and horrors of the death penalty' (p.122), Here Seal draws on Avery Gordon's concept of haunting to analyse how the 'seething presence' of Evans and Thompson returned following their deaths and continues to cast a ghostly shadow. Seal acknowledges that Evans and Thompson were not the only examples of 'haunting'. Other high profile cases such as those of Ruth Ellis, Derek Bentley and James Hanratty could be viewed through the same lens but as she contends, focussing on Evans and Thompson allows her to analyse themes of gender, horror, justice and error. In chapter seven the author explores capital punishment's continuing place in British culture, examining competing perceptions and understandings and addresses the continuing support for capital punishment particularly in relation to terrorism. …","PeriodicalId":38894,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Community Justice","volume":"12 1","pages":"108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71024576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasts in Punishment: An Explanation of Anglophone Excess and Nordic Exceptionalism","authors":"B. Stout","doi":"10.5860/choice.51-5891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.51-5891","url":null,"abstract":"CONTRASTS IN PUNISHMENT: AN EXPLANATION OF ANGLOPHONE EXCESS AND NORDIC EXCEPTIONALISM Pratt, J. and Eriksson, A. (2013). Abingdon: Routledge. 272 pp. (hbk) 90.00 [pounds sterling], ISBN 978-0415-52473-5 As academics and practitioners become increasingly frustrated at the punitive criminal justice policy and the condemnatory public discourse around offending in the UK, they are inclined to look to the Scandinavian nations as examples of an alternative approach. Pratt and Eriksson's excellent book provides a detailed account of these differences in approach to criminal justice, locating penal policy in a social and historical context. The book provides hope to Anglophone penal reformers in identifying a different approach but also highlights the scale of the task; the punitive penal policy in Anglophone countries has such strong social and historical roots that it is difficult to see how any significant change could come easily or quickly. A refreshing aspect of 'Contrasts in Punishment' is how little attention is paid to American influences, with discussion of the Anglophone countries concentrating on England, New Zealand and Australia. This focus means that the material presented feels fresh, interesting and original and provides the authors with a structure to discuss penal approaches without simply highlighting the relative degrees of American influence on each nation. This starts in the introduction where a discussion of recent prison builds in two nations highlights their differences in penal policy. In Norway, a prison is built that has exercise facilities, space for family visits and that looks like the outside world. In New Zealand, every expense is spared as prisoners are required to build their own cells from shipping containers. The photographs, used in the introduction and then sparingly throughout the book, are welcome illustrations of the differences the authors describe. Chapter one sets out the differences in punishment between the Anglophone countries and the Nordic countries of Finland, Norway and Sweden. When set out in this clear and structured way, the extent of these differences is strikingly obvious; the Nordic countries have much lower rates of imprisonment and treat their prisoners very differently. Nordic countries utilise smaller prisons, promote a higher quality of prison life and provide greater opportunities for work and education. Prison officers in the Nordic countries are trained in a different way, relate to prisoners with greater courtesy and less professional distance, and even look different, in terms of the uniforms they wear. These observations of the prison systems are the result of the authors' meticulous research--they toured forty prisons--and are presented in an engaging way. The two contrasting weekly menus, with weights and quantities recorded on the New Zealand menu but not the Finnish version, strongly and visually illustrate much wider differences in philosophy and approach. Although the descriptio","PeriodicalId":38894,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Community Justice","volume":"11 1","pages":"226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71146097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Youth Workers, Stuckness, and the Myth of Supercompetence: Not Knowing What to Do","authors":"L. Conradie","doi":"10.4324/9781315877853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315877853","url":null,"abstract":"YOUTH WORKERS, STUCKNESS, AND THE MYTH OF SUPERCOMPETENCE: NOT KNOWING WHAT TO DO Anderson-Nathe, B. (2010). Abingdon: Routledge. pp.146 (pbk) 22.99[pounds sterling] ISBN 978 0 415 99773 7 This is one of the most relevant and gripping titles in youth work publication in recent years. The book is focussed on the American youth work profession; however, parallels are drawn with the nature of the profession in other countries, for example, the United Kingdom. On opening the book for the first time, it could appear to be a complicated and difficult read as a result of the page layout and formatting, but this impression cannot be further from the truth! This book is gripping from the start. It is written honestly and is full of examples of incidents that youth workers are reluctant to share because it makes them feel incompetent and not 'good enough' to do their jobs. The starting point is the moment of 'not-knowing' what to do and, therefore, getting stuck in a new or even routine interaction with a young person. The 'myth of supercompetence'--that all your colleagues are better at the job than you are and better equipped to deal with unexpected circumstances--is the second key theme of this innovative, thought-provoking and reflective phenomenological analysis. Anderson-Nathe starts his account by looking at the related theory that might be able to account for the phenomena he is trying to describe. This is a thorough examination that reveals the relevance of these theories, but also the shortcomings in explaining the full extent of the phenomena that he is trying to put on the agenda. Chapter Three goes on to explore the methodological underpinning of the phenomenological nature of the research. The issues of 'not-knowing' and supercompetence must be explored from an interpretive research perspective as the value of the subjective account is in the experience and meaning that workers attach to these moments. A bonus of this chapter is that the author includes detailed, practical advice and guidance on how to conduct phenomenological research. This allows the book to develop from a reflective account that validates and exposes youth workers' meaningful experiences to a text that can be used to develop future interpretive qualitative research. However, something that seems to be missing from this chapter is the rationale as to why the author embarked on this type of research in the first place. The rest of the book is divided into five themes. The first three themes relate to the lived reality of the 'not-knowing' moment experienced by youth workers. The remaining two themes relate to the reflection that youth workers undertake during the moment of 'not-knowing', but also afterwards. Chapter Four provides the biographical details of the 12 participating narrators. It also provides a brief introduction to the main examples of 'not-knowing' that were shared in the interviews. This introduction of the narrators of the meaning-making experiences is extre","PeriodicalId":38894,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Community Justice","volume":"9 1","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70459573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship-Based Social Work","authors":"Courtney Jones","doi":"10.1921/803160107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1921/803160107","url":null,"abstract":"RELATIONSHIP-BASED SOCIAL WORK Ruch, G., Turney, D, & Ward, A. (eds.) (2010). London: Jessica Kingsley. pp.272 (pbk) £19.99 ISBN 978-184905003-6 This book is a well-structured look at the place of relationships in social work practice and examines the theoretical base as well as the need for training in, supervision of, and reflection on, its use. The opening chapters by Gillian Ruch and Adrian Ward are well-argued and enlightening, locating the theories of relationship-based work in an historical context, and contextualising the discussions that follow. The links to reflective practice are many and offer sound advice to social work students trying to locate 'self-awareness' in social work and, more explicitly, in reflective practice. The editors' discussion of the ambiguous nature of social work, 'Social Work occupies an ambivalent social space' (p. 22), will help the desired 'light-bulb' moment looked for, in my experience of teaching, in this subject area. The book also develops the why's and how's of there being 'no right answer' to service users' problems, and how a sound knowledge of relationships can help with working in 'Schon's (1983) swampy lowlands'. Adrian Ward's note that ? am suggesting that this is more of an art than a science, more a question of growth and development, rather than merely training' (p. 64) sums up, for me, the need for a fluid approach to working from such a perspective. The next section of the book moves into a series of contributor discussions around the place, and use, of relationships in practice. Chapter Four gives clear evidence of how the understanding of relationships can be used in drawing out information from vulnerable service users and disaffected clients. This aspect provides reference to sound transferable practice skills for working in high-risk situations, such as child abuse cases. However, I felt there was a missed opportunity in the lack of discussion of the evidence from research in such situations, which underpins empowering practice when working with involuntary clients. Kohli and Dutton's links to short-term work gives added breadth to the use of relationships in brief work where they may often be seen as less important because of the time-limited nature of the intervention. They additionally draw in and provide an antimanagerial argument applicable to child protection when they note, 'there is a danger that with families on the move colliding with professionals making haste, little is made into too much and that too much is left invisible and compressed into too little' (p. 101). In my view, they draw out culturally-competent practice, although it is not named as such, with diverse ethnic groups, refugees and asylum seekers. Chapters Six, Seven and Eight then move into working with strong feelings and the emotional costs of working with service users whose behaviours can be unexpected and, very often, intimidating. …","PeriodicalId":38894,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Community Justice","volume":"9 1","pages":"154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68032990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociology for Social Workers and Probation Officers","authors":"C. Beckett","doi":"10.4324/9780203846773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203846773","url":null,"abstract":"SOCIOLOGY FOR SOCIAL WORKERS AND PROBATION OFFICERS Cree, V. (ed.) (1999) 2nd edition, London: Routledge, pp.272 (pbk) £26.99 ISBN 978-0-415-15016-3 Cree offers a well-crafted and accessible introduction to sociological theory. The first chapter introduces definitions and perspectives and the following seven chapters address key concepts. Included are focused accounts of frameworks that structure the social environment. Obvious contenders like 'family' and 'community' are joined by 'health and illness', and 'crime and deviance'. Each chapter follows the same template: an introduction to the concept; some theoretical tools for study; and links between theory and practice. The section on gender is particularly strong, presenting an even-handed picture of feminist positions. The text book is written explicitly to show the usefulness of 'thinking sociologically1, of placing personalised understanding in a social context. This move is examined explicitly in the preface and in the final chapter, where Cree offers ways of integrating sociological thinking into practice. Perhaps the most attractive part of this book is Cree's unwavering and unhidden belief that understanding the social world, and using the conceptual tools offered by sociology, helps practitioners to work. It is an ambitious project. Recognising that both sociology and social work 'may be regarded as an integral part of the process through which society investigates, controls and manages (or, to use Foucault's terminology, 'disciplines') its citizens' (p. 6) is not comfortable. Without this understanding, Cree argues, social workers run the risk of perpetuating oppression and discrimination. Working from this stance to offer a comprehensible account of theory is a challenge well-answered. Cree is interested in how concepts develop over time and in discursive explanations. Her approach in the book is based on broad questions paraphrased from Foucault (Cree, 1995). These questions frame the link between structural explanations and individual actions that can be hard to bring into practice situations. I found her explanations of major approaches compelling; from Marx to Rousseau, from identity politics to the post modern turn, the short entries are consistent, clear and readable. It is hard to find fault with what is in this book but, despite the title, probation officers are not well served here. There is almost no mention of probation work or workers and, worse, some comments could be inimical. For example, she comments that the use of the term 'offender' could be seen as discriminatory (p. 173). This may be true but is unhelpful to practitioners whose organisational structure demands the use of the word. Omissions are everywhere; the section on family does not look at criminal or criminalised families, the section on community looks at gender, sexuality, age and disability, but not offending. …","PeriodicalId":38894,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Community Justice","volume":"9 1","pages":"149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70598569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Young People, Crime and Justice","authors":"A. Robinson","doi":"10.4324/9781843925361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781843925361","url":null,"abstract":"YOUNG PEOPLE, CRIME AND JUSTICE Hopkins- Burke, R. (2008). Cullompton: Willan. pp256. £58.00hbk ISBN 978-1-84392-368-8 £19.99pbk ISBN 978-1-84392-367-1 This is a timely volume reflecting on the current concerns about crime and anti -social behaviour associated with young people and on the attempts of the Labour government since 1997 to respond to these concerns. In doing so, the author establishes that anxieties about the conduct of young people are no new phenomenon and that successive panics have arisen throughout the modern period. At the present time, however, in late modernity, perceptions of risk and insecurity have resulted in increased measures of social control, both formal and informal, impinging upon young people's lives. Roger Hopkins -Burke is here attempting to provide a rounded basic text, written from an explicitly left realist perspective, which means that he has sympathies with both the attempts of the Labour administration to respond positively to young people offending or at risk of offending and with the concerns raised by critics of the reformed youth justice system. The book is divided into three broad sections: i. Young people, criminality and criminal justice ii. Explaining youth criminal behaviour iii. The contemporary youth justice system and its critics. These sections are in themselves fairly introductory but, taken together, do provide a challenging analysis of the way that contemporary British society views young people and the measures in place for control, discipline and, significantly in the author's view, tutelage. The first section outlines how these three elements have featured throughout history in the social policy relating to young people, and how the emphasis has changed at different periods. The discussion of tutelage as a means of social control via education, employment and activities such as youthwork and social work is of particular relevance to the latter stages of the book. Here tutelage features prominently again, but more explicitly as a means of attempting inclusion and reintegration within the Third Way politics of New Labour. The first section of the book provides useful context, examining the changing constructions of childhood and adolescence throughout modernity and the resultant twists and turns in policy. The second section looks at theoretical explanations for young people's criminality. While it covers all the main schools of thought organised into rational actor, biological, psychological and sociological theorising, a student wishing to develop an in depth understanding would be advised to supplement the material in this volume - perhaps by visiting Hopkins -Burke's own explorations of criminological theory in earlier publications. …","PeriodicalId":38894,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Community Justice","volume":"7 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70480316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raising Parents: Attachment, Parenting and Child Safety","authors":"G. Boswell","doi":"10.5860/choice.46-5326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.46-5326","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38894,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Community Justice","volume":"7 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71124433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organisational Features of Victim-Offender Mediation with Youth Offenders in Europe","authors":"A. Mestitz","doi":"10.1007/1-4020-3879-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3879-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38894,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Community Justice","volume":"76 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/1-4020-3879-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51425415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}