{"title":"Microscopic fatigue crack behavior in precipitation strengthening stainless steel A286","authors":"S. Hamada, Hao Wu, H. Noguchi","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIA.77.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIA.77.223","url":null,"abstract":"In order to clarify the fundamental fatigue strength characteristic of precipitation strengthening type stainless steel:A286, fatigue tests were performed. In the fatigue test, the authors paid attention to the behavior of microscopic fatigue cracks in order to make clear fatigue strength properties more than those with usual fatigue tests. As a result of the fatigue test, the fatigue strength characteristic of A286 became clear as shown below. The crack of a size according to a crystal grain diameter is easy to initiate and propagate by Mode II. Many cracks initiate and propagate even if the stress is around the fatigue limit and the fatigue crack cannot stop, then the cracks coalesce and it becomes longer, and finally results in a failure. This is the reason why the fatigue failures occur even after 107 cycles.","PeriodicalId":388675,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. A","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128695175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of pre-strain on low cycle fatigue strength of austenitic stainless steel SUS316NG","authors":"Shota Hasunuma, Y. Miyata, T. Ogawa, K. Sakaue","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIA.77.843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIA.77.843","url":null,"abstract":"Low cycle fatigue tests were performed for austenitic stainless steel, SUS316NG. The effect of pre-strain history on the crack growth was investigated in detail using cellulose acetate replicas. In strain range, Δe = 2.5 % and 8 % constant tests, cracks initiated from slip bands near grain boundary, while intergranular crack initiations were prevailing when Δe = 16 % constant test. The cracks grew with several coalescences until the final fracture. Pre-strains were applied at Δe = 8 or 16 % followed by fatigue loading at Δe = 2.5 %.These tests revealed that contribution of cyclic strain hardening and softening were remarkable depending on the pre-strain history. Crack growth characteristics were well evaluated by J integral range, ΔJ, which is an elasto-plastic fracture mechanics parameter. Crack growth characteristic under Δe-constant tests as well as the pre-strained tests coincided with that measured by fracture mechanics experiment. Fatigue crack growth rates were predicted by elasto-plastic fracture mechanics approach in conjunction with cyclic stress-strain response.","PeriodicalId":388675,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. A","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123492865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Arao, Yukie Okudoi, S. Takeda, J. Koyanagi, S. Utsunomiya, H. Kawada
{"title":"Prediction of time-dependent dimensional change induced by thermal residual stress relaxation in CFRP cross-ply laminates","authors":"Y. Arao, Yukie Okudoi, S. Takeda, J. Koyanagi, S. Utsunomiya, H. Kawada","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIA.77.1238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIA.77.1238","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, time-dependent dimensional change in a symmetrical cross-ply laminates was predicted by transverse properties of the CFRP laminates. CFRP with pitch-based carbon fiber and cyanate ester resin was chosen for the study. Viscoelastic property was obtained by performing tensile creep test for unidirectional laminates in the transverse direction. In addition, shrinkage caused by physical aging was obtained by measuring the strain change for unidirectional laminates as well. Experimental results were applied to the classical lamination theory in order to predict the time-dependent dimensional change of a symmetrical cross-ply laminates. The strain change in a symmetrical cross-ply laminates was obtained experimentally using an extensometer, and the result was compared with the prediction. From the comparison, it was concluded that the proposed prediction method is appropriate. It was also found that physical aging shrinkage must be compensated in order to evaluate the relaxation modulus from tensile creep test result. The effect of physical aging shrinkage must also be considered in prediction of time-dependent deformation in cross-ply laminates.","PeriodicalId":388675,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. A","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129598545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Arao, J. Koyanagi, S. Takeda, Shin Utsunomwa, Niroyuki Kawada
{"title":"Out-of-plane deformation due to the ply angle misalignment in cfrp laminates (the effect of the stacking sequence on thermal deformation)","authors":"Y. Arao, J. Koyanagi, S. Takeda, Shin Utsunomwa, Niroyuki Kawada","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIA.77.619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIA.77.619","url":null,"abstract":"Strict geometrical stability is required for the precise structures like telescopes. Unpredictable out-of-plane deformation is a serious problem when we use CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) laminate to the precise structure. This out-of plane deformation of symmetrical CFRP laminate mainly arise from combination effects of ply angle misalignment and temperature change. We discussed here is effective stacking sequence of CFRP laminate that mitigate the deformation caused by the ply angle misalignment. The analysis based on laminate theory was performed to calculate the thermal deformation. In this analysis, the random numbers were added to each layers as ply angle misalignments. The analytical results were obtained statistically by Monte Carlo method. Mohr's curvature circle was also incorporated to evaluate the deformation as P-V (peak to Valley) values. We performed the analysis with various stacking sequence. It was calculated that the symmetric cross-ply laminates deformed 10 times larger than the other quasi-symmetric laminates. In the case of the total ply number is less than 12, the stacking sequence in the laminate has a significant effects on the thermal deformation. However, if the total number ply number is more than 24, effect of stacking sequence on the thermal deformation becomes negligible. We also discussed the geometrical stability of CFRP mirror by considering unavoidable ply angle misalignment. It was presumed that the CFRP mirror can be used for wide range of wave length when the back structure was attached to CFRP laminates.","PeriodicalId":388675,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. A","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129692331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Detection of Photon Emission during Crack Propagation in Silica Glass by Fast Time-Resolved Measurement","authors":"Yoshitaka Sato, T. Shiota, K. Yasuda","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIA.77.1028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIA.77.1028","url":null,"abstract":"Fast time-resolved measurement was carried out to detect photon emission (PE) during crack propagation in silica glass. The specimen was fractured by three-point bending at room temperature under 10 -4 Pa. The top and bottom surfaces of the specimen were coated with Au. Resistance of those surfaces was monitored to detect crack propagation in the specimen. Simultaneously, the PE was detected with photomultiplier tube. The PE around 650 nm increased and then gradually decreased during the crack propagation, while the strong the PE around 450 nm was observed at the beginning of the crack propagation. Moreover, both of the emissions started just before the onset of the crack propagation. It might be due to micro-cracks leading to a main crack propagation. The result suggests that a fracture precursor can be detected by monitoring the PE.","PeriodicalId":388675,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. A","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116334076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Hangai, R. Yamaguchi, Shunya Takahashi, T. Utsunomiya, O. Kuwazuru, N. Yoshikawa
{"title":"Pore collapsed behavior of porous aluminum during compression process by using X-ray CT nondestructive observation","authors":"Y. Hangai, R. Yamaguchi, Shunya Takahashi, T. Utsunomiya, O. Kuwazuru, N. Yoshikawa","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIA.77.1025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIA.77.1025","url":null,"abstract":"Closed-cell porous aluminum is a multifunctional material with both lightweight and high energy absorption properties. These properties are considered to be governed by morphology of pores of porous aluminum. In this study, compression test was conducted in the X-ray CT system and deformation process of pores was nondestructively observed during compression. It was shown that deformation process of individual pore can be observed in this system.","PeriodicalId":388675,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. A","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133717017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"アルミニウム合金ダイカストの疲労強度に対する鋳巣の定量的影響評価(第1報,鋳巣と鋳肌の影響に関する実験的検証)","authors":"理 桑水流, 村田 陽三, 登雄 宇都宮, 半谷 禎彦, 矢野 貴之, スジット ビダハル, 椎原 良典, 北原 総一郎, 吉川 暢宏","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIA.77.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIA.77.39","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of casting defects on the fatigue strength of die cast aluminum alloy was addressed through the tension-compression fatigue test and the X-ray CT inspection, which revealed the amount of porosity included in the specimen. Six types of casting condition were employed to examine the effect of different porosity. Most of fatigue crack sources were the pores. The porosity volume fraction was calculated for all specimens from the three-dimensional X-ray CT images. The fatigue limit of each specimen type was estimated from the fatigue test results. The correlations among fatigue limit, porosity volume fraction, Vickers hardness, and dendrite arm spacing were evaluated, and the result showed that the porosity volume fraction most dominantly affected the fatigue limit in the averaged sense.","PeriodicalId":388675,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. A","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123936790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yoshiro Suzuki, A. Todoroki, Y. Mizutani, R. Matsuzaki
{"title":"Damage detection in CFRP without data from intact structures using statistical analysis of resistance-temperature characteristics","authors":"Yoshiro Suzuki, A. Todoroki, Y. Mizutani, R. Matsuzaki","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIA.77.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIA.77.181","url":null,"abstract":"The previous study employs delamination detection in CFRP laminates using statistical analysis of temperature characteristic of resistance to prevent electrical resistance changes caused by damages of electrical contact at electrodes. A statistical analysis method discriminates the temperature characteristic of resistance of the damaged structure from that of the intact structure. To detect delaminations without learning processes, a new method which compares the electrical resistances at high temperature with those at low temperature is developed here. The new method has applicability to existing structures and can also detect initial defects. The present study employs the new method for detecting delaminations and initial defects in quasi-isotropic-plied CFRP plates. The detection limit of delamination and the effectiveness of detecting initial defects are experimentally investigated, and the effect of electrode damage on the diagnosis is discussed here.","PeriodicalId":388675,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. A","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126242358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of transverse crack initiation in cross-ply CFRP laminates under fatigue loading","authors":"Keigo Takamura, A. Hosoi, N. Sato, H. Kawada","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIA.77.1123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIA.77.1123","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, transverse crack initiation in cross-ply CFRP laminates under fatigue loading was evaluated focusing on the transverse crack growth and saturation. The number of cycles that a transverse crack initiates was predicted by the analytical model on the basis of the modified Paris law. In addition, the lower threshold of the transverse crack formation was researched by a modified Paris-law, and the fatigue limit of the transverse crack initiation was evaluated by calculating the stress applied in 90° layer where the increase of the transverse cracks was saturated. Moreover, transverse crack was observed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to investigate the mechanism of transverse crack initiation. As the results, the analytical results for predicting the transverse crack initiation showed good agreement with the experimental results. Moreover, it was shown that the lower threshold of the transverse crack formation existed, and that the stress applied in 90° layer at saturation state was almost equivalent to the fatigue limit of the transverse crack initiation from the experimental results. From the observation with SEM, it was found that the initiation of the transverse crack under fatigue loading depended on the interface property between fiber and matrix.","PeriodicalId":388675,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. A","volume":"86 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132153397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fatigue limit evaluation of blunt-notched specimen using Δk th value of small crack (1st report: Study on the determination of the initial crack size with annealed carbon steel when stress ratio is zero)","authors":"T. Matsueda, Y. Aono, H. Noguchi","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIA.77.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIA.77.228","url":null,"abstract":"The fatigue limit of a blunt-notched specimen is dependent on the fatigue crack initiation limit σw1. σw1 is the propagating limit of the micro fatigue crack at notch root. However, before now no method for evaluating the σw1 based on fatigue crack properties had ever been proposed. In this paper, it is suggested that the initial crack size is dependent on the relationship between the application limit of the characteristic elastic field of the notch and the fatigue crack length measured from the notch root. It is also found that when the initial crack size is given, σw1 can be evaluated from the threshold stress intensity factor range ΔKth .","PeriodicalId":388675,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. A","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132651794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}