Iranian Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory-Short Form (FFNI-SF).","authors":"Bita Bahrami,&nbsp;Nasrin Safarloo","doi":"10.18502/ijps.v18i2.12368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijps.v18i2.12368","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: For a long time, it was held that narcissism had two aspects: narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic fragility. The extraversion, neuroticism, and antagonism elements of the three-factor narcissism paradigm, on the other hand, have gained popularity in recent years. Based on the three-factor framework of narcissism, the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory-short form (FFNI-SF) is a relatively recent invention. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the FFNI-SF in Persian among Iranians. Method : Ten specialists (with Ph.D.s in psychology) were enlisted in this research to translate and evaluate the reliability of the Persian version of the FFNI-SF. The Content Validity Index (CVI) and the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) were then used to assess face and content validity. It was given to 430 students at Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, once the Persian form was completed. The available sampling technique was used to choose the participants. Cronbach's alpha and the test-retest correlation coefficient were used to assess the reliability of the FFNI-SF. In addition, concept validity was obtained using exploratory factor analysis. In addition, correlations with NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI) were employed to establish the convergent validity of the FFNI-SF. Results: According to professional opinions, the face and content validity indices met expectations. With Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability, the questionnaire's reliability was also established. Cronbach's alphas varied between 0.7 and 0.83 for the FFNI-SF components. According to test-retest reliability coefficients, the components' values varied from 0.7 to 0.86. Additionally, three factors (extraversion, neuroticism, and antagonism) were recovered using the principal components approach and a straight oblimin rotation. According to an analysis of the eigenvalues, the three-factor solution accounted for 49.01 of the variation in the FFNI-SF. The eigenvalues for the three variables were 2.95 (M = 1.39), 2.51 (M = 1.3), and 1.88 (M = 1.24) respectively. The FFNI-SF Persian form's convergent validity was further verified by the association between its results and those from the NEO-FFI and PNI tests and the FFNI-SF. There was a substantial positive association between FFNI-SF Extraversion and NEO Extraversion (r = 0.51, P ≤ 0.001), as well as a strong negative correlation between FFNI-SF antagonism and NEO agreeableness (r = -0.59, P ≤ 0.001). As well as this, PNI grandiose narcissism (r = 0.37, P ≤ 0.001) was shown to be significantly associated with FFNI-SF grandiose narcissism (r = 0.48, P ≤ 0.001), as it was with PNI vulnerable narcissism (r = 0.48, P < 0.001). Conclusion: with its solid psychometric qualities, we may utilize the Persian FFNI-SF to test the three-factor model of narcissism as an effective tool for research.","PeriodicalId":38866,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"18 2","pages":"173-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10293698/pdf/IJPS-18-173.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9792464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Perceived Burdensomeness, Thwarted Belongingness, and Giving Meaning to Life in Psychosocial Adjustment: The Mediating Role of Self-Care in the Elderly.","authors":"Shahriar Dargahi,&nbsp;Saeed Pireinaladin,&nbsp;Soliman Ahmadboukani,&nbsp;Sepideh Bashirgonbadi,&nbsp;Behnam Molaei,&nbsp;Davod Fathi","doi":"10.18502/ijps.v18i2.12365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijps.v18i2.12365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> In old age, people suffer from many mental and physical illnesses, which make it important for the elderly to pay attention to adapting to these diseases. So, the aim of this research was to study the role of perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and giving meaning to life in psychosocial adjustment, as well as the mediating role of self-care in the elderly. <b>Method</b> <b>:</b> This research was descriptive and correlational, conducted through available sampling of 200 elderly people who lived in the city of Ardabil. After the necessary assessments in terms of mental disorders and inclusion criteria, they were chosen to conduct this investigation in 2020. The Meaning in Life Questionnaire, Psychosocial Adjustment Scale, Self-Care Questionnaire for the Elderly, and Interpersonal Needs scale were used to gather the data. The data were analyzed using SPSS25 and Amos24 software. <b>Results:</b> The findings showed that perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness have a negative and direct effect on elderly self-care [β = -0.25, P < 0.01] [β = -0.20, P < 0.05] and psychosocial adjustment [β = -0.0, P < 0.05] [β = -0.12, P < 0.05]. Also, giving meaning to life has a positive and direct effect on elderly self-care [β = 0.32, P = 0.01] and psychosocial adjustment [β = 0.033, P < 0.01]. The variable of self-care can play a mediating role in the relationship between thwarted belongingness [β = -0.174, P < 0.05], perceived burdensomeness [β = -0.140, P < 0.05], and giving meaning to life [β = 0.223, P < 0.05] with psychosocial adjustment. Moreover, among the exogenous variables, thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness by change in self-care have been able to reduce psychosocial adjustment. Giving meaning through self-care, however, has increased psychosocial adjustment. <b>Conclusion:</b> The findings revealed that thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and giving meaning to life are important variables in health and adaptability of the elderly, which draws attention to family-centered interventions and individual therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":38866,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"18 2","pages":"145-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/97/91/IJPS-18-145.PMC10293687.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9792467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Psychological Distress in the Relationship between Personality Dimensions and Pregnancy Outcome of Women Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Treatment (IVF/ICSI).","authors":"Hosna Mirzaasgari,&nbsp;Fereshte Momeni,&nbsp;Abbas Pourshahbaz,&nbsp;Farahnaz Keshavarzi,&nbsp;Masoud Hatami","doi":"10.18502/ijps.v18i2.12366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijps.v18i2.12366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> The aim of this study was to determine the role played by psychological distress in the relation between personality dimensions and pregnancy outcome of women undergoing in vitro fertilization/Intra-Cytoplasmic Injections (IVF/ICSI) treatment. <b>Method</b> <b>:</b> This prospective cohort study was conducted for 12 months on 154 infertile women who were receiving IVF/ICSI assisted reproductive treatment for the first time. Research instruments for measuring psychological distress included the Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). One of these was completed prior to ovarian stimulation and the other during the embryo transfer stage. The temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R 125) was employed once to assess personality dimensions prior to the ovarian stimulation stage. Independent t-test, Mann Whitney test, Repeated Measures and path analysis were performed for statistical analysis of data. <b>Results:</b> The results of this study showed no significant difference between the pregnant and non-pregnant groups in personality traits (Harm avoidance and self-directness) and psychological distress (FPI and DASS scores). Repeated measures showed a significant difference in stress, anxiety, and depression levels between the two stages of ovarian stimulation and embryo transfer (P < 0.01). Path analysis showed no significant direct and indirect effect for harm avoidance on the pregnancy outcome when psychological distress was mediated. <b>Conclusion:</b> The effect of psychological factors on IVF outcomes is more complicated than is generally assumed and more studies are mandatory to clarify the relationship between personality traits and infertility treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":38866,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"18 2","pages":"153-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3f/d1/IJPS-18-153.PMC10293695.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9792468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering Negative Interpretation Bias in Remitted/Recovered Depression with Laboratory Task.","authors":"Behrooz Dolatshahi,&nbsp;Yazdan Naderi Rajeh,&nbsp;Abbas Pourshahbaz,&nbsp;Mehran Zarghami","doi":"10.18502/ijps.v18i2.12367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijps.v18i2.12367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Research has demonstrated that individuals with a history of depression engage in complicated strategies (e.g., thought suppression) that may mask the possible existence of major depression. Increasing the mental strain, such as retrieving a six-digit number, may reveal depressive thinking in previously depressed individuals. This study examined the hypothesis that thought suppression could mask a cognitive vulnerability to depression and illustrated how cognitive tasks disrupt mind control. <b>Method</b> <b>:</b> This case-control study recruited 255 participants with a convenience sampling method conducted at the Razi Educational and Therapeutic Psychiatric Center (Tehran, Iran) in 2021. Participants were divided into five groups, then they were evaluated by a scrambled sentence test (SST) after random assignment to either mental load or no mental load conditions. The number of negative unscrambled statements was used as an index of negative interpretation bias. After gathering data, analysis of variance (ANOVA) for different group factors and conditions was carried out to test the main hypotheses. <b>Results:</b> The effect of the intervention provided to each group on the score of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRDS) was significant (F (4, 208) = 511.77, P < 0.001). A significant correlation (r = 0.36, P < 0.01) was found between depression (HDRS) and negative interpretive bias (SST). Analysis of ANOVA has revealed a significant effect on the group (F (4, 412) = 14.94, P < 0.001). The effect of the mental load was not significant (F (4, 412) = 0.09, P = 0.75), but the group × load interaction was significant (F (4, 412) = 5.03, P < 0.001). Post hoc test was used to draw multiple comparisons between the five groups. <b>Conclusion:</b> The results revealed that people who are vulnerable to depressive disorders are predominantly engaged in thought suppression, which can conceal their depressogenic thinking until cognitive requests consume their mind control efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":38866,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"18 2","pages":"165-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/01/66/IJPS-18-165.PMC10293697.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9728047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Attentional Avoidance, Attentional Focusing, and Mindfulness on the Frequency of Voice-Hearing and Associated Distress in People with Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Morteza Madani,&nbsp;Farideh Hossein Sabet,&nbsp;Ahmad Borjali","doi":"10.18502/ijps.v18i2.12361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijps.v18i2.12361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> The objective of this study was to determine the most effective coping mechanism to deal with auditory hallucinations that reduces the frequency of voice-hearing and associated distress. In the present randomized controlled trial, each of the three coping mechanisms of attentional avoidance, attentional focusing, and mindfulness were used in one group and the fourth group was the control group. <b>Method</b> <b>:</b> A total of 64 patients with schizophrenia, categorized in three groups of attentional avoidance, attentional focusing and mindfulness and one control group, were asked to listen to an ambiguous auditory task depending on the type of their coping mechanism. After determining the baseline of distress, the task was performed in duplicate for each group. After playing the auditory task for the first time, participants were asked to rate out the level of their distress and compliance with instructions, and they were asked to estimate the likely number of words they had heard. After the second time, they were asked to note the words they hear during the task and rate out their distress and compliance with instructions again at the end of the task. <b>Results:</b> There was a significant difference between groups in terms of distress with a medium effect size of 0.47. The post hoc analysis revealed that mindfulness group reported less distress compared to the attentional focusing group (P = 0.017) and the control group (P = 0.027). Also, a significant difference existed between groups in terms of the frequency of the identified words, with a moderately strong effect size of 0.59, and a very good statistical power of 0.99. The post hoc analysis showed that attentional avoidance (P = 0.013) and attentional focusing (P = 0.011) groups heard fewer words than the control group. <b>Conclusion:</b> Attention is a good target for treating psychotic patients with auditory hallucinations. Also, manipulation of attention can affect the frequency of auditory hallucinations and associated distress.</p>","PeriodicalId":38866,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"18 2","pages":"108-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/61/a9/IJPS-18-108.PMC10293689.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9734445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of Reviews on the Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Depression and Anxiety.","authors":"Zahra Beygi,&nbsp;Reyhane Tighband Jangali,&nbsp;Nafiseh Derakhshan,&nbsp;Mina Alidadi,&nbsp;Farzane Javanbakhsh,&nbsp;Mahdieh Mahboobizadeh","doi":"10.18502/ijps.v18i2.12373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijps.v18i2.12373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Emotional disturbances are the most common mental health problems in different populations and societies. We intend to provide the latest evidence related to the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on depression and anxiety by reviewing systematic review and meta-analysis studies published in the last three years. <b>Method</b> <b>:</b> PubMed and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched between January 1, 2019 and November 25, 2022 with relevant keywords for English systematic review and meta-analysis articles reviewing the utilization of ACT to reduce anxiety and depression symptoms. <b>Results:</b> 25 articles were included in our study: 14 systematic review and meta-analysis studies and 11 systematic reviews. These studies have investigated the effects of ACT on depression and anxiety in populations of children or adults, mental health patients, patients with different cancers or multiple sclerosis, people with audiological problems, parents or caregivers of children with mental or physical illnesses as well as normal people. Furthermore, they have examined the effects of ACT in individual, group, Internet, computerized, or combined delivery formats. Most of the reviewed studies reported significant effect sizes (small to large effect sizes) of ACT, regardless of the delivery method, compared to passive (placebo, waitlist) and active (treatment as usual and other psychological interventions except cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)) controls for depression and anxiety. <b>Conclusion:</b> Recent literature mainly agrees on the small to moderate effect sizes of ACT on depression and anxiety symptoms in different populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":38866,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"18 2","pages":"248-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1e/4d/IJPS-18-248.PMC10293686.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9792466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burnout among Military Personnel: A systematic Review.","authors":"Seyed Morteza Hosseini,&nbsp;Saeed Hesam,&nbsp;Seyed Amirhossein Hosseini","doi":"10.18502/ijps.v18i2.12371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijps.v18i2.12371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Burnout is a psychological symptom characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of personal accomplishment. Several systematic reviews have examined the prevalence of burnout in some communities, including the communities of physicians, nurses, students, and teachers. Risk factors, consequences of burnout, and related interventions have also been evaluated in several systematic review studies. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, consequences, and interventions associated with burnout among military personnel in all types of studies. <b>Method</b> <b>:</b> Studies that quantitatively examined burnout in military personnel after 2000 were identified through systematic searches in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Embase, PsychInfo, and PsycArticles databases. <b>Results:</b> A total of 43 studies met the criteria for inclusion in this systematic review. Of these, 34 were cross-sectional, 7 were longitudinal, 1 was case-control and 1 was experimental. Half of the studies had more than 350 samples. The studies were from 17 different countries, among which the United States had the largest number with 17 studies. 33 studies were measured with one version of Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Totally, only 10 studies reported a prevalence of burnout and/or its subscales. The prevalence of high emotional exhaustion ranged from 0% to 49.7% (median 19%), the prevalence of high depersonalization ranged from 0% to 59.6% (median 14%) and the prevalence of low personal accomplishment ranged from 0% to 60% (median 6.4%). In this systematic review, work environment factors (such as workload, shift work), psychological factors (anxiety, depression, stress), and duration and quality of sleep were shown as risk factors of burnout or its subscales. Also, psychological distress was observed as the consequence of burnout in more than one study. <b>Conclusion:</b> The studies investigated in this systematic review showed a relatively moderate prevalence of burnout. In fact, burnout was associated with work environment factors and psychological variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":38866,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"18 2","pages":"213-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2f/a3/IJPS-18-213.PMC10293693.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9792465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrapsychic and Interpersonal Realms in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Their Comparison with Normal Individuals: A Look at Object Relations and Anger Management.","authors":"Fatemeh Shahamat Dehsorkh,&nbsp;Fataneh Ghadirian,&nbsp;Yeganeh Yekta,&nbsp;Reihaneh Yekta,&nbsp;Mohsen Foroughipour,&nbsp;Fatemeh Ghazizadeh Hashemi,&nbsp;Mehrdad Esmaeili,&nbsp;Mehdi Khabazkhoob","doi":"10.18502/ijps.v18i1.11409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijps.v18i1.11409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This study was designed to compare object relations and anger control between MS patients and normal individuals. <b>Method</b> <b>:</b> The present study was a cross-sectional case-control study with two groups: the case group (patients with MS) and the control group (normal controls without MS). 80 patients and 80 healthy individuals were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria using a simple random sampling method. The research's data collection tool was a three-part questionnaire consisting of demographic information, the Bell Object Relations and the Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI) and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory 2 (STAXI-2). The data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 26 using descriptive and analytical statistics (stepwise regression). <b>Results:</b> The results showed that in terms of object relations, there was no significant difference between the two groups except in alienation of relations (P = 0.035). The results also showed that in general, there was no statistically significant difference between the anger index of the group of MS patients and the normal controls. However, 12.8% of MS patients were significantly different in state of anger, trait anger and anger control compared to normal individuals. This difference was especially higher in angry temperament (P = 0.025) and the anger expression-in (P = 0.04). <b>Conclusion:</b> Although patients with MS were not significantly different from healthy individuals in terms of intrapsychic and interpersonal functions in the context of object relations and anger management, it seems that more complex and multifaceted explanations lie in the results that need further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":38866,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"18 1","pages":"18-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/35/81/IJPS-18-18.PMC10163907.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9436383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Care Performance of Pregnant Women in Preventing COVID-19 Infection and Its Relationship with Perceived Stress.","authors":"Soheila Bani,&nbsp;Shirin Hasanpour,&nbsp;Laya Farzadi,&nbsp;Mojgan Mirghafourvand,&nbsp;Farideh Golshani,&nbsp;Minoo Ranjbar","doi":"10.18502/ijps.v18i1.11410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijps.v18i1.11410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To determine the status of self-care performance of pregnant women in the prevention of COVID-19 disease and its relationship with perceived stress during the epidemic period of this disease. <b>Method</b> <b>:</b> This cross-sectional study was performed on 228 pregnant women who referred to the health centers in Tabriz, Iran, for prenatal care. They were selected by cluster sampling. Data collection tools included questionnaires about Demographic-Social Characteristics, the Self-Care Performance Questionnaire and Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale. Spearman correlation test was used to examine the correlation between self-care performance and perceived stress in bivariate and multivariate analyses. Also, multivariate linear regression was used, with control of demographic-social and obstetric characteristics as possible confounders. <b>Results:</b> The median (25-75 percentiles) self-care performance score of participants was 0.71 (0.65-0.76), from the achievable range of 20-80, and its mean (± SD) perceived stress score was 25.5 (± 5.6), from the achievable range of 0-56. The Spearman's rank correlation test results showed a significant inverse correlation between perceived stress and self-care performance scores (r = -0.13; P = 0.041). According to multivariate linear regression test, the variables of self-care performance, education, spouse's education and number of family members were the predictors of perceived stress in pregnant women during the COVID-19 epidemic. <b>Conclusion:</b> According to the results of the present study, self-care performance of pregnant women in prevention of the COVID-19 disease was good and their stress was moderate. There was a significant inverse correlation between self-care performance and perceived stress that could indicate the high value and importance of the fetus for the mother and her strict adherence to health protocols to prevent COVID-19, which also leads to calming and reduced perceived stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":38866,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"18 1","pages":"26-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a0/01/IJPS-18-26.PMC10163915.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9436387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Short Version of Smart Phone Addiction Scale in the Persian Language.","authors":"Hamid Reza Mokhtarinia,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Khodaie Ardakani,&nbsp;Abbas Ebadi,&nbsp;Charles Philip Gabel","doi":"10.18502/ijps.v18i1.11411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijps.v18i1.11411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> The addiction pattern of smartphone usage has increased concerns about potential complications. The Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), a self-administered questionnaire, evaluates smartphone usage and dependency. The study's purpose was to translate and culturally adapt the SAS short-version into the Persian language (SAS-SV-Pr), and evaluate its psychometric properties. <b>Method</b> <b>:</b> The SAS-SV translation used standardized procedures that involved double-forward and backward translations. A convenience sample, from three medical universities in the city of Teheran (n = 250 students), was recruited to complete the SAS-SV and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). The content validity index (CVI) and the floor and ceiling effect were considered to evaluate content validity. To evaluate internal consistency and test-retest reliability, Cronbach's Alpha and the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC2.1) were utilized respectively. Criterion validity was measured by calculating Pearson's correlation coefficient for the total scores of SAS-SV-Pr and IAT (Pearson's r correlation coefficient). Construct validity was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and ratified with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). <b>Results:</b> During translation and cultural adaptation, only minor wording changes were performed. The correlation between the SAS-SV-Pr and IAT was good (r = 0.57), which determined validity. There was high internal consistency (α = 0.88), split-half reliability (0.84), composite reliability (CR) (0.78) and test-retest reliability (ICC (2.1) = 0.89). Subsequent EFA demonstrated an ambiguous factor structure, being border-line between one- and two-factors, which explained 50.28% of total variance. The CFA confirmed that the two-factor solution was preferred. Our data did not show floor or ceiling effects. <b>Conclusion:</b> The Persian SAS-SV is a two-factor structure outcome measure to evaluate the dependency of smartphone users. It has demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties for validity, reliability and factor structure, and is suitable for screening and research aims among Persian subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":38866,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"18 1","pages":"35-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/63/e3/IJPS-18-35.PMC10163910.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9436393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}