Ali Khoshbakht, Zahra Shomoossi, Mohammadreza Shegarf Nakhaie
{"title":"Behavioral Change Approaches to Sleep Disturbance in Cancer Patients: The History and the Road Ahead.","authors":"Ali Khoshbakht, Zahra Shomoossi, Mohammadreza Shegarf Nakhaie","doi":"10.18502/ijps.v19i4.16547","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijps.v19i4.16547","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38866,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"19 4","pages":"344-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12206461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Prescription Patterns in Management of Agitation in Patients Referred to the Emergency Department.","authors":"Atefeh Abshari, Niayesh Mohebbi, Atefeh Mohammadjafari","doi":"10.18502/ijps.v19i4.16562","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijps.v19i4.16562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This research aims to evaluate patterns of prescription of medications used to manage acute agitation in adult Iranian patients at the emergency department (ED) of Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran. <b>Method</b> <b>:</b> The study analyzed data from the medical records of 252 patients who received pharmacotherapy for agitation. <b>Results:</b> The findings revealed that 181 patients (71.82%) were given typical antipsychotics, with haloperidol being the most commonly prescribed medication. Atypical antipsychotics were administered to 24 participants (9.52%), primarily olanzapine, and 52 patients (20.63%) received benzodiazepines, predominantly lorazepam. The treatment response was also assessed as appropriate in 224 patients (88.89%) and inappropriate in 28 patients (11.11%). <b>Conclusion:</b> The study recommends providing new-generation medications to developing countries and underscores the importance of updating student educational programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":38866,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"19 4","pages":"473-476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12206467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predictors of Attitudes toward Aging in Middle-Aged Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Marzieh Mohamadzadeh, Nasibeh Zanjari, Zahra Aliakbarzadeh Arani, Hamidreza Shoraka, Razieh Pirouzeh","doi":"10.18502/ijps.v19i4.16556","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijps.v19i4.16556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Attitudes toward aging (ATA) are among the most important determinants of well-being in old age. However, little research has examined factors contributing to their formation in middle-aged individuals. This study aimed to investigate predictors of attitudes toward aging among Iranian middle-aged individuals in 2022. <b>Method</b> <b>:</b> This study recruited 330 people with a mean age of 56.5 ± 5.6 using multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected using a three-part questionnaire, including demographic factors, an attitude toward aging questionnaire (AAQ), and a multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS). The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS (v.22) statistical software to conduct t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and linear regression. <b>Results:</b> According to bivariate analysis, perceived social support (PSS), age, level of education, and perceived income adequacy (PIA) had a significant relation with the total ATA score (P < 0.05). According to regression analysis, family support (β = 0.288, P < 0.001), friend support (β = 0.188, P < 0.001), significant others support (β = 0.130, P = 0.04), age (β = 0.118, P = 0.002), and PIA (β = 0.290, P < 0.001) were the predictor factors of ATA and explained 41% of the variance. PSS and PIA were the predictors of all dimensions of ATA. <b>Conclusion:</b> The results highlight the role of potentially modifiable factors, such as PSS, PIA, and level of education, in shaping ATA. This requires interventions and policies that effectively promote social and financial support in middle-aged individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":38866,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"19 4","pages":"431-440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12206464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Emotional Abuse Questionnaire.","authors":"Kosar Shafiei Rezvani Nejad, Zinat Sadat Mirpour, Mohammad Hassan Novin, Anita Najafi Chenari, Zakiyeh Jafaryparvar","doi":"10.18502/ijps.v19i4.16553","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijps.v19i4.16553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Intimate partner emotional abuse is a serious issue that can lead to catastrophic outcomes for victims. Emotional abuse involves psychological tactics to control, manipulate, and degrade a person within an intimate relationship. This research aimed to translate the Emotional Abuse Questionnaire (EAQ) developed by Jacobson and Gottman into Persian for use among Iranian university students. <b>Method</b> <b>:</b> The translation of the 66-item EAQ involved a meticulous forward and backward translation process, linguistic matching, and a pilot review. In this cross-sectional study, 346 university students from Rasht, Iran, completed the EAQ. The mean age of participants was 26.78 ± 8.10 years, with most being female (89.0%). Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest analysis while content and face validity were assessed by a panel of experts. Construct validity was examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and internal consistency measures. Divergent validity was assessed by comparing the EAQ with the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (EMS). <b>Results:</b> Impact scores for face validity ranged from 2.33 to 3.92, based on respondents' ratings of frequency and importance. Content validity assessment led to removing four items with a CVR below 0.62, resulting in 62 valid items. The EAQ showed strong internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.97, exceeding the acceptable threshold of 0.70. CFA results confirmed the validity of the second-order factor model of the EAQ (χ<sup>2</sup>/df = 4.34, CFI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.098, SRMR = 0.077). The EAQ demonstrated a strong correlation with EMS measures, confirming divergent validity. <b>Conclusion:</b> The Persian version of the EAQ is a reliable instrument for assessing emotional abuse among Iranian university students. Future research should explore the cultural sensitivity of the questionnaire and investigate associations between emotional abuse and other variables of interest, such as mental health outcomes or relationship dynamics. These avenues promise valuable insights into the frequency and effects of emotional abuse across diverse cultural contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":38866,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"19 4","pages":"402-411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12206458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azar Mohammadzadeh, Mehdi Tehrani-Doost, Elnaz Yaghoobi
{"title":"Validity Study of an Emotional Face-Database in Iranian Community.","authors":"Azar Mohammadzadeh, Mehdi Tehrani-Doost, Elnaz Yaghoobi","doi":"10.18502/ijps.v19i4.16552","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijps.v19i4.16552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the accuracy of facial emotion recognition in the Iranian community, a face database validated in this community is required. To do this, we conducted a validation study on the Radboud face database. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of recognizing emotions through faces in an Iranian sample and then to choose the pictures with high agreement in terms of detecting emotions. <b>Method</b> <b>:</b> This is a cross sectional study recruiting a total number of 142 males and females aged between 20 and 50 years old (Mean ± SD of age 31.7 ± 7.07). The participants were instructed to detect the type of emotion of each face as well as its valence and arousal. The percentage of participants' agreement on evaluating each picture was assessed. To evaluate the effect of different variables on participants' accuracy, one way and repeated measure ANOVA analyses were also used. <b>Results:</b> Emotional faces were recognized by around 84% of the participants. The highest accuracy belongs to happy (Mean ± SD of 98 ± 6.1%) and the lowest one to neutral (75 ± 18.06%) faces. The accuracy for detecting other emotions were as follows: sad (91 ± 8.7%), surprised (87 ± 10.64%), angry (77 ± 15.6%), and fearful (76 ± 15.26%). Additionally, we found no differences between male and female participants in terms of recognizing emotions. Then we selected the pictures with high agreement (above 85 percent) in labeling emotions among the participants. <b>Conclusion:</b> The current study provided a valid emotional face database based on Iranian participants' responses in terms of recognizing basic emotions. The selected pictures can be used in designing tasks to evaluate emotion recognition ability in clinical and nonclinical populations. It can also be used in designing applications to improve detecting emotion in clinical samples such as individuals with autism spectrum disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":38866,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"19 4","pages":"393-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12206457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sharara Fadhil Abbood, Israa Jawad Abdul-Rasul, Amaal Sahib Al-Zughaibi, Hamzah H Kzar Al-Shukri, Fadak B Rabee, Zainab A Fadhil, Zainab A A Radhi
{"title":"Comparison of Brain Activity between Patients with Parkinson Disease Dementia and Patients Affected by Dementia with Lewy Body through EEG Analysis.","authors":"Sharara Fadhil Abbood, Israa Jawad Abdul-Rasul, Amaal Sahib Al-Zughaibi, Hamzah H Kzar Al-Shukri, Fadak B Rabee, Zainab A Fadhil, Zainab A A Radhi","doi":"10.18502/ijps.v19i4.16548","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijps.v19i4.16548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are two syndromes categorized under synucleinopathy, sharing comparable symptoms. The identification of biomarkers would offer an accurate approach for improved diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of treatment efficacy for these distinct forms of dementia. <b>Method</b> <b>:</b> This study utilized spectral analysis and nonlinear dynamic analysis to compare electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics between PDD and DLB patients. EEG data was collected from 30 PDD patients, 36 DLB patients, and 36 healthy subjects at rest. Following a conditioning phase to minimize noise and eliminate artifacts, we derived spectral and complexity features using Welch's method and sample entropy. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was performed to compare spectral features and nonlinear dynamics of brain activity between the groups. <b>Results:</b> Post hoc comparison showed that in the control group, the power of delta and theta bands was lower and the power of alpha and beta bands was higher than in patients with PDD and DLB. (P < 0.05). In the theta and alpha bands, the PDD group showed greater power than the DLB group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant main effect of diagnosis (F = 4.67, P = 0.007), and also the diagnosis by region interaction for complexity values (F = 4.58, P = 0.009). Post hoc analysis showed that the EEG complexity of the control group was significantly higher than that of the PDD and DLB groups in the frontal, central, temporal and parietal regions (P < 0.05). Moreover, the EEG complexity of the PDD group was significantly higher than that of the DLB group in the central, temporal and parietal regions (P < 0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> Although both PDD and DLB had almost similar patterns compared to the control group, they showed differences in the EEG power spectrum and its nonlinear dynamics. Our findings indicated marked diffuse slowing and lower cortical complexity or activity in DLB patients compared to PDD in all regions, especially in the central, temporal and parietal areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":38866,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"19 4","pages":"346-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12206469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sahar Oftadeh Balani, Ali Fawzi Al-Hussainy, Alhan Abd Al-Hassan Shalal, Mohammed Ubaid, Zinab Aluquaily, Jaafar Alamoori, Saeid Motevalli
{"title":"Exploring Brain Activity in Different Mental Cognitive Workloads.","authors":"Sahar Oftadeh Balani, Ali Fawzi Al-Hussainy, Alhan Abd Al-Hassan Shalal, Mohammed Ubaid, Zinab Aluquaily, Jaafar Alamoori, Saeid Motevalli","doi":"10.18502/ijps.v19i4.16549","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijps.v19i4.16549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Understanding neural mechanisms underlying cognitive workload is crucial for advancing our knowledge of human cognition and mental processes. In this study, we utilized electroencephalography (EEG) analysis to investigate brain activity associated with varying mental cognitive workloads from a psychological perspective. <b>Method</b> <b>:</b> We employed a publicly accessible EEG dataset consisting of a cohort of 36 healthy volunteers (75% female), aged 18 to 26 years, while the participants were at rest or engaged in an arithmetic task to explore mental cognitive workload. After preprocessing to reduce noise and various artifacts and to obtain a clean signal for every subject, functional connectivity and complexity features were calculated from EEGs through the coherence and permutation entropy algorithms, respectively. Then, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to assess the differences in complexity and connectivity measures across various brain regions between the rest and task states. <b>Results:</b> Brain sites showed significant within-subject effects, and the interaction between states and channels was significant for connectivity values (F = 3.68, P = 0.034). Post hoc comparisons indicated that FP1-F7, FP1-F8 and FP1-Fz connectivity were significantly lower during the task state compared to the rest state (P < 0.05). Moreover, F4-P3, F4-P4, FP1-O1, FP2-O2, F3-O1, F4-O1, F8-O1, C4-O1, F3-O2, F4-O2, F7-O2, F8-O2, Fz-O1, Fz-O2, Cz-O1 and Fz-P4 connectivity were significantly higher during the arithmetic task state (P < 0.05). Furthermore, brain sites showed significant within-subject effects and the interaction between states and channels was significant for entropy values (F = 3.50, P = 0.041). Post hoc comparisons indicated that the permutation entropy was significantly higher in the FP1, T3, T4, P4 and Pz channels during the arithmetic task compared to the rest state (P < 0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> During arithmetic tasks, the increased connectivity in the frontoparietal and frontooccipital networks and heightened complexity in the prefrontal, temporal and parietal lobes reflect the collaborative engagement of brain areas specialized in numerical processing, attention, working memory, cognitive control, and visual-spatial cognition. These changes in connectivity and complexity facilitate the integration of multiple cognitive processes essential for effective arithmetic problem-solving.</p>","PeriodicalId":38866,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"19 4","pages":"356-366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12206460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Theory on the Nonlinear Relationship of Sexual Behavior and Aggression.","authors":"Sayed Ali Marashi","doi":"10.18502/ijps.v19i4.16560","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijps.v19i4.16560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Claims have been made that more sexual liberalism in society than what generally existed in human history is necessary to promote societal tranquility and reduce violence. This research was conducted to investigate the real relationship between sexual behavior and aggression based on scientific data especially from the perspective of physiological psychology. <b>Method</b> <b>:</b> This study was a narrative review and utilized evidence-based findings from neuropsychology, psychophysiology, laboratory research, and field studies. Databases were explored for related terms until sufficiency was reached. The findings were categorized and analyzed descriptively and interpretively to establish connections between the findings. Ultimately, a comprehensive conceptualization was developed to conclude a theory on the relationship between sexual behavior, sexual satiety, and aggression. <b>Results:</b> The study indicated that unrestrained sexual behavior leads to an escalation of the behavior, rather than satiation, and aggression rather than calmness. This may be due to positive feedback in the nervous and hormonal systems, specifically mediated by the medial preoptic area (MPA) and testosterone, leading to aggressive behavior. However, since sexual deprivation can potentially lead to aggression, it is advisable to view the relationship between sexual activity and violence as a non-linear one. <b>Conclusion:</b> This paper establishes that the intensification of sexual behaviors leads to increased violence and aggression in society, ultimately elevating levels of public insecurity. Therefore, limiting sexual behavior within the framework of the relationship of married couples may serve as a moderating factor for this phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":38866,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"19 4","pages":"453-462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12206466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comparison of Effectiveness of Attention Process Training (APT) with Parenting Management Training (PMT) in Reducing Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.","authors":"Mehriar Nadermohammadi Moghadam, Parisa Bakhshi, Anita Azarkollah, Behnam Moulai, Parviz Molavi","doi":"10.18502/ijps.v19i3.15802","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijps.v19i3.15802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Child-oriented psychotherapies, such as Attention Process Training (APT), target ADHD symptoms directly, whereas family-oriented interventions, like Parent Management Training (PMT), address its functional impairments. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of APT and PMT in treating ADHD symptoms. <b>Method</b> <b>:</b> This research was a randomized controlled trial in which 45 children (26 females and 19 males, with a mean age of 8.47 ± 1.66 years) with ADHD were selected conveniently and assigned randomly to one of three groups (PMT = 15, APT = 15, and CTRL = 15). The groups had no significant differences in ADHD severity. The PMT children were managed with parenting techniques. Children in the APT group practiced attention techniques, while children in the control group did not receive any intervention. Ritalin was prescribed to all the children in the three groups. The score on the Conners Parenting Rating Scale-Revised: Short form was the outcome variable. <b>Results:</b> Both interventions decreased ADHD symptoms severity more than the control group. Howver, the reduction in the APT group was more than in the PMT group (P-value < 0.001). The scores of 40% of the APT group and 80% of the PMT group did not fall below the cut-off point. In the APT group after the intervention, the inattention subscale was significantly lower than the hyperactivity subscale, while in the PMT group, the hyperactivity subscale was lower. The effect sizes of APT and PMT were 2.18 and 2.09, respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> For ADHD, psychological interventions are crucial in addition to medication. According to the results of this study, APT is more effective for inattention symptoms, while PMT is more effective for hyperactivity symptoms. When selecting psychotherapy, the subtype of ADHD should be taken into account. Treatment sessions must also be completed according to intervention protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":38866,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"19 3","pages":"254-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11267122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harikumar Pallathadka, Zhanna R Gardanova, Ahmed Read Al-Tameemi, Aiman Mohammed Baqir Al-Dhalimy, Eftikhaar Hasan Kadhum, Ahmed Huseen Redhee
{"title":"Investigating Cortical Complexity in Mixed Dementia through Nonlinear Dynamic Analyses: A Resting-State EEG Study.","authors":"Harikumar Pallathadka, Zhanna R Gardanova, Ahmed Read Al-Tameemi, Aiman Mohammed Baqir Al-Dhalimy, Eftikhaar Hasan Kadhum, Ahmed Huseen Redhee","doi":"10.18502/ijps.v19i3.15808","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijps.v19i3.15808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Dementia is a broad term referring to a decline in problem-solving abilities, language skills, memory, and other cognitive functions to a degree that it significantly disrupts everyday activities. The underlying cause of dementia is the impairment or loss of nerve cells and their connections within the brain. The particular symptoms experienced are contingent upon specific regions of the brain affected by this damage. In this research, we aimed to investigate the nonlinear dynamics of the mixed demented brain compared to healthy subjects using electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis. <b>Method</b> <b>:</b> For this purpose, EEG was recorded from 66 patients with mixed dementia and 65 healthy subjects during rest. After signal preprocessing, sample entropy and Katz fractal dimension analyses were applied to the preprocessed EEG data. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was utilized to compare the nonlinear dynamics of brain activity between dementia and healthy states and partial correlation analysis was employed to explore the relationship between EEG complexity measures and cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms of patients. <b>Results:</b> Based on repeated measures ANOVA, there was a significant main effect between groups for both Katz fractal dimension (F = 4.10, P = 0.01) and sample entropy (F = 4.81, P = 0.009) measures. Post hoc comparisons revealed that EEG complexity was significantly reduced in dementia mainly in the occipitoparietal and temporal areas (P < 0.05). MMSE scores were positively correlated with EEG complexity measures, while NPI scores were negatively correlated with EEG complexity measures, mainly in the occipitoparietal and temporal areas (P < 0.05). Moreover, using a KNN classifier, all significant complexity measures yielded the best classification performance with an accuracy of 98.05%, sensitivity of 97.03% and specificity of 99.16% in detecting dementia. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study demonstrated a unique dynamic system within the brain impacted by dementia that results in more predictable patterns of cortical activity mainly in the occipitoparietal and temporal areas. These abnormal patterns were associated with patients' cognitive capacity and neuropsychiatric symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":38866,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"19 3","pages":"327-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11267120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}