{"title":"Towards Design Decisions for Genetic Algorithms in Clock Tree Synthesis","authors":"Scott Lerner, B. Taskin","doi":"10.1109/IGCC.2018.8752170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGCC.2018.8752170","url":null,"abstract":"Binary clock tree (BCT) synthesis fundamentally depends on the quality of the process of merging pairs. Selecting the optimal merging nodes is computationally expensive, even using heuristic methods. This paper presents an automated synthesis approach based on genetic algorithms (GA), that reduces the search effort for feasible node pair selection. Insights and best practices are presented for using GA processes for generating BCTs that evolve over time. BCTs synthesized with this GA approach are demonstrated experimentally with HSPICE simulations. Furthermore, the impact of utilizing a human-in-the-loop in this GA process for merging pair selection is analyzed methodically. The outcome is a best-practices approach towards automating the synthesis of BCTs based on the proposed GA approach.","PeriodicalId":388554,"journal":{"name":"2018 Ninth International Green and Sustainable Computing Conference (IGSC)","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131012896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DiRP: Distributed Intelligent Rendezvous Point for Multicast Control Plane","authors":"Ammar Latif, Roshini Paul, Rishi Chhibber, Anand Singh, Rahul Parameswaran, Abdallah Khreishah, Y. Jararweh","doi":"10.1109/IGCC.2018.8752124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGCC.2018.8752124","url":null,"abstract":"Multicast is widely deployed in data centers for point-to-multi-point communications. It has an established set of control protocols such as IGMP and PIM that has limitations around the lack of bandwidth awareness when establishing the multicast trees. This could lead to over-subscription of network links and packet loss impacting user quality of experience. Other existing multicast issues are related to path setup time as delay translates to deterioration of user experience. In this paper, we present and implement the DiRP algorithm utilizing distributed decision making architecture to optimize multicast tree formation while maintaining low path setup time. The system is implemented using off-the-shelve commercially available switches. the proposed DiRP algorithm maintains the creation and removal of source trees based on bandwidth requirements. We test the algorithm using Cisco’s Nexus commercially available switches. Testing results confirm that the DiRP Algorithm is able to setup multicast tree paths based on available bandwidth while maintaining distributed decision making in the fabric to lower path setup time. The system offers substantially lower path setup time compared to centralized systems while maintaining bandwidth awareness when setting up the fabric.","PeriodicalId":388554,"journal":{"name":"2018 Ninth International Green and Sustainable Computing Conference (IGSC)","volume":"234 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115752603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IGSC 2018 PhD Workshop on Power/Energy Management at Extreme Scale","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/igcc.2018.8752166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igcc.2018.8752166","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388554,"journal":{"name":"2018 Ninth International Green and Sustainable Computing Conference (IGSC)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114713493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GreenWeb: Hosting High-Load Websites Using Low-Power Servers","authors":"Brad Everman, Ziliang Zong","doi":"10.1109/IGCC.2018.8752138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGCC.2018.8752138","url":null,"abstract":"Today, there are millions of web servers hosting billions of websites. To ensure quality of service (QoS), it has become conventional wisdom that websites, especially high-load websites, must be deployed on high-end servers. In fact, most of these costly servers are energy-hungry and vastly underutilized, thereby wasting significant amounts of energy and dollars. This paper explores the viability of using low-power commodity servers to host high-load websites while still maintaining comparable QoS. We demonstrate that, with certain software optimization (e.g. caching and content delivery network - CDN) enabled, low-power servers are able to host high-load websites without degrading the quality of web services.","PeriodicalId":388554,"journal":{"name":"2018 Ninth International Green and Sustainable Computing Conference (IGSC)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127836036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dark Silicon Considered Harmful: A Case for Truly Green Computing","authors":"E. Brunvand, Donald Kline, A. Jones","doi":"10.1109/IGCC.2018.8752110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGCC.2018.8752110","url":null,"abstract":"As individuals and researchers approach the challenge of green computing it is natural to consider the energy consumption of computational devices and their supporting systems during their use phase (i.e., after they are deployed into service). However, for computing to be truly green, all phases of the system life-cycle, from manufacturing to disposal, must be considered. In particular there is limited awareness to the considerable fraction of the total life-cycle environmental impacts of computing systems that result from the fabrication of the integrated circuits (ICs) that are used in those devices. Ironically, the trend toward dark silicon accelerators, often targeted at improving operational energy efficiency, may be counterproductive for holistic energy reduction of computing systems. The increased chip area that results from a large percentage of dark silicon may exacerbate the fabrication impacts to the point that overall sustainability is actually decreased. In this paper, we explore some properties of manufacturing and operational energy efficiency and make a case that truly green computing must carefully consider the tradeoffs involved.","PeriodicalId":388554,"journal":{"name":"2018 Ninth International Green and Sustainable Computing Conference (IGSC)","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122465794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Case Study of Complementary-multiply-with-carry Method on OpenCL FPGA","authors":"Zheming Jin, H. Finkel","doi":"10.1109/IGCC.2018.8752144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGCC.2018.8752144","url":null,"abstract":"Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are becoming a promising heterogeneous computing component for scientific computing. The emerging high-level synthesis tools provide a streamlined design flow to facilitate the use of FPGAs for researchers who have little FPGA development experience. In this paper, we present our implementations of a pseudorandom number generator in a high-level programming language OpenCL, and evaluate its performance and performance per watt on an Arria10-based FPGA platform. We describe the complementary-multiply-with-carry method, and explore its OpenCL implementations under the constraint of hardware resources on the target device. The experimental results show that the raw performance of the implementations on an Intel Arria 10 GX1150 FPGA is 15X lower than that on an Intel Xeon 16-core CPU, but the dynamic power consumption on the FPGA is 60X lower than that on the CPU. For large data size, the performance per watt on the FPGA is 6.7X higher than that on the CPU.","PeriodicalId":388554,"journal":{"name":"2018 Ninth International Green and Sustainable Computing Conference (IGSC)","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116296552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Purkayastha, S. Hammond, Ramkumar Nagappan, M. Alt
{"title":"Holistic Approaches to HPC Power and Workflow Management*","authors":"A. Purkayastha, S. Hammond, Ramkumar Nagappan, M. Alt","doi":"10.1109/IGCC.2018.8752150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGCC.2018.8752150","url":null,"abstract":"Constraints on power consumption are having per-vasive effects on high-performance computing (HPC) systems, the facilities in which they are housed, and the application codes themselves. These constraints are driven by a variety of reasons including physical limits on available power within a facility, or are due to utility demand response etc. It is essential that power management must now be added to the traditional HPC goals of monitoring and optimizing application and algorithm correctness, scalability, and performance. Irrespective of the causes for these constraints, a holistic approach must be taken to effectively manage power or schedule jobs more optimally so data centers can remain below these power constraints. In this paper we propose results of implementing several strategies for throttling power and its impact on application performance while providing insights for managing overall system energy levels.","PeriodicalId":388554,"journal":{"name":"2018 Ninth International Green and Sustainable Computing Conference (IGSC)","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114466476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IGSC 2018 PhD Forum","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/igcc.2018.8752118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igcc.2018.8752118","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388554,"journal":{"name":"2018 Ninth International Green and Sustainable Computing Conference (IGSC)","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133509547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PowerCoord: A Coordinated Power Capping Controller for Multi-CPU/GPU Servers","authors":"R. Azimi, Chao Jing, S. Reda","doi":"10.1109/IGCC.2018.8752132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IGCC.2018.8752132","url":null,"abstract":"Modern supercomputers and cloud providers rely on server nodes that are equipped with multiple CPU sockets and general purpose GPUs (GPGPUs) to handle the high demand for intensive computations. These servers consume much higher power than commodity servers, and integrating them with power capping systems used in modern clusters presents new challenges. In this paper, we propose a new power capping controller, PowerCoord, that is specifically designed for servers with multiple CPU and GPU sockets that are running multiple jobs at a time. PowerCoord coordinates among the various power domains (e.g., CPU sockets and GPUs) inside a server to meet target power caps, while seeking to maximize throughput. Our approach also takes into consideration job deadlines and priorities. Because performance modeling for co-located jobs is error-prone, PowerCoord uses a learning method to adapt to various workloads. PowerCoord has a number of heuristic policies to allocate power among the various CPUs and GPUs, and it uses reinforcement learning to select the best policy during runtime. Based on the observed state of the system, PowerCoord shifts the distribution of selected policies. We implement our power cap controller on a real multi-CPU/GPU server with low overhead, and we demonstrate that it is able to meet target power caps while maximizing the throughput, and balancing other demands such as priorities and deadlines. Compared to prior published techniques, our results show that PowerCoord improves the throughput by an average of 14.4% under power caps.","PeriodicalId":388554,"journal":{"name":"2018 Ninth International Green and Sustainable Computing Conference (IGSC)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125788127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IGSC 2018 PhD Workshop on Energy- efficient Networks of Computers (E2NC): From the Chip to the Cloud","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/igcc.2018.8752116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/igcc.2018.8752116","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388554,"journal":{"name":"2018 Ninth International Green and Sustainable Computing Conference (IGSC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123824042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}