Journal of Pharmacovigilance and Drug Research最新文献

{"title":"Determination of In vitro lethality of actinomycetes antibiotic extracts from Menengai crater geothermal vents, Kenya","authors":"P. Waithaka","doi":"10.53411/jpadr.2022.3.3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53411/jpadr.2022.3.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Drug resistance is the biggest threat to human existence today. This study was conducted to investigate the sensitivity of selected pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotic extracts from soils of Menengai crater geothermal vents in Kenya. \u0000Method: Antibiotic-producing actinomycetes were isolated from geothermal vents of the crater. The isolates were identified using colony characteristics and biochemical means. Sensitivity of the selected pathogenic microorganism was carried out using primary and secondary screening techniques. Four actinomycetes coded PAN 9, PAN 18, PAN 117, and PAN 138 were selected for further analysis based on the size of the zone of inhibition and the broad spectrum of activity. Extraction of antibiotics from the selected actinomycetes was carried out using ethyl acetate. A sensitivity test of the pathogens to the extracts was done using Karby Bauer disk diffusion technique. Cytotoxicity of the antibiotic extracts was carried out using Brine shrimp lethality test and sheep blood hemolytic bioassays. The isolates presented typical actinomycetes characteristics. \u0000Results: A total of 20 actinomycete isolates showed antagonism against the test pathogenic microorganisms. The selected actinomycetes inhibited growth of Gram-positive and negative bacterial and fungal pathogens in both primary and secondary sensitivity tests. There was a significant difference in the diameters of zones of inhibition produced by the test pathogens when subjected to the antibiotic metabolites from the selected actinomycetes (F = 6.6046 P = 0.001338). \u0000Discussion: The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration/minimum fungicidal concentration did not vary significantly (F=0.4503, P = 0.7187). The LC50 values of the antibiotic extracts varied from 2.438±0.47µg in PAN 9 to 9.3455±0.41µg in PAN 138. PAN 18 and PAN 117 showed partial hemolysis while PAN 9 and PAN 138 exhibited complete hemolysis of sheep blood erythrocytes. Soils from Menengai crater geothermal vents have actinomycetes that produce antibiotics. The antibiotics are cytotoxic to brine shrimps. In addition, the antibiotics cause hemolysis of sheep blood erythrocytes. There is a need to purify the antibiotics and structure elucidate them.  The active antibiotic extract needs to be evaluated to determine whether the hemolysis is due to the compound itself or some other chemical constituent.","PeriodicalId":388338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance and Drug Research","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129042328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life threatening gastrointestinal tract complications in a patient of rheumatoid arthritis. Is it drug or disease related?","authors":"Kanisha Shah, Sapna D. Gupta, S. Malhotra","doi":"10.53411/jpadr.2022.3.3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53411/jpadr.2022.3.3.08","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Gastrointestinal (GI) complications are very frequent and sometimes fatal in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Gastrointestinal perforation is a rare but serious event, most frequently involving the lower GIT, which has been observed in patients with RA. \u0000Case Presentation: We present here an Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) which is small bowel ischemia with perforation in a 61-year-old RA patient, who was taking a tablet of Prednisolone and tablet Hydroxychloroquine. \u0000Discussion: Several studies indicated that RA patients may be at a higher risk of GI perforation. This could be attributed to the disease pathophysiology or the use of drugs for treatment like Glucocorticoids and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). Rheumatologists must be vigilant for GI complications while prescribing anti-rheumatoid drugs. \u0000Conclusion: GI perforations are rare events in RA patients, but cause significant morbidity and mortality. Increasing age and other comorbid conditions also increase the risk of adverse GI events.","PeriodicalId":388338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance and Drug Research","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131231432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of single dose palonosetron in highly emetogenic chemotherapy protocols compared to oral aprepitant and ondansetron","authors":"Y. Al-Bairmany, Noor Kasib Hadi, Abdul Karim Nazar","doi":"10.53411/jpadr.2022.3.3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53411/jpadr.2022.3.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common problem during cancer treatment and its proper management is essential. The primary objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of a single dose palonosetron in the control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) to that of oral aprepitant and ondansetron.  The secondary objective is to determine age, gender, morning sickness, motion sickness, as well as chemotherapy protocols as risk factors in increasing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). \u0000Methods: This is a prospective cohort study carried out at Al-Andalus Private Hospital for Cancer Patients in Baghdad, Iraq. The study included 296 patients, diagnosed with cancer, and receiving high emetogenic chemotherapy protocol. Patients were divided into 3 arms according to the antiemetic received. Arm 1 received aprepitant and ondansetron, arm 2 received ondansetron, and arm 3 received palonosetron. The primary endpoint was the response rate defined as the percentage of patients without nausea or vomiting episodes during the chemotherapy treatment cycles. Other secondary endpoints such as age, gender, morning sickness, motion sickness, as well as chemotherapy protocols, were measured as risk factors in increasing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). \u0000Results: A total of 296 patients, diagnosed with cancer, and receiving high emetogenic chemotherapy protocol were evaluated. There was no significant association between age or gender and CINV. The incidence of nausea and vomiting with ondansetron was more than the incidence of nausea and vomiting with aprepitant, and the incidence of nausea and vomiting with palonosetron was less than the incidence of nausea and vomiting with aprepitant. There was no significant association between morning sickness and nausea or vomiting. On the other hand, there was a significant association between motion sickness and nausea or vomiting. The most common cycle reported in nausea and vomiting was cycle 3. Regarding suffering from nausea and vomiting with some chemotherapy drugs, the most common drugs were adriamycin cyclophosphamide (AC) and carboplatin. \u0000Conclusion: The results of the present study confirm the previous reports on the superiority of palonosetron over ondansetron and its aprepitant in reducing the incidence of CINV. Regarding risk factors, motion sickness, chemotherapy cycle 3, as well as adriamycin cyclophosphamide (AC) and carboplatin were risk factors inducing CINV in high emetogenic chemotherapy protocols.","PeriodicalId":388338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance and Drug Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115800033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitude and practice towards adverse drug events reporting among graduating health science students of college of health sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia","authors":"M. Senbeta, Hiluf Maldey, Melaku Gedamu","doi":"10.53411/jpadr.2022.3.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53411/jpadr.2022.3.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance and Drug Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125118765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug development hit by war","authors":"H. Mishra, A. Goel, Sahil Kumar, Mihir Chauhan, M. Patnaik, I. Rehman","doi":"10.53411/jpadr.2022.3.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53411/jpadr.2022.3.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance and Drug Research","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130371805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The need for Quality","authors":"Erika Barbarosie","doi":"10.53411/jpadr.2022.3.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53411/jpadr.2022.3.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance and Drug Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134144856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and tolerability of antipsychotic drugs in pediatric patients","authors":"Nabih Lawand, Samaa Al Tabbah","doi":"10.53411/jpadr.2022.3.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53411/jpadr.2022.3.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance and Drug Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116175210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring position of colchicine in management of COVID 19 – A systematic review","authors":"S. Samajdar, S. Dutta, Aneek Ghosh, Shatavisa Mukherjee, Jayanta Sharma, Anwesha Behera, Oyendrilla Mitra, Ishanee Das Sharma, Mohojit Chakraborty, S. Tripathi","doi":"10.53411/jpadr.2022.3.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53411/jpadr.2022.3.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance and Drug Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134046486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-viral activity of Withania somnifera phytoconstituents against corona virus (SARS-COV-2)","authors":"S. Parihar","doi":"10.53411/jpadr.2022.3.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53411/jpadr.2022.3.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance and Drug Research","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128181852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lymphoproliferative skin lesion as a previously unreported adverse event detected in a patient receiving mSTR TB treatment","authors":"H. Atshemyan, N. Khachatryan, A. Manukyan, A. Khachatryan, Alvard Poghosyan","doi":"10.53411/jpadr.2022.3.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53411/jpadr.2022.3.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":388338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance and Drug Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129116877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}