{"title":"Risk-benefit associated with azithromycin: A brief review","authors":"A. Pradhan, Ajit Nahak, G. Mohapatra","doi":"10.53411/jpadr.2020.1.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53411/jpadr.2020.1.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introductions: Azithromycin is the most popular prescribed antimicrobial agent around the world. It comes under the class of macrolide antibiotics. Because of its higher efficacy, tolerance, and broad-spectrum activity, it is primarily used in upper and lower respiratory tract infections, some sexually transmitted infections, and major bacterial infections. \u0000Methods: Pieces of literature were reviewed to access the risk and benefits associated with azithromycin. \u0000Results: Generally, this is commercially available in solids, liquids, and ophthalmic formulations due to its minimal adverse events. It is also used in the case of COVID-19 drug therapy due to its pharmacological and therapeutic properties. \u0000Conclusions: The review of literature presented that it may increase the risk of cardiac death, hepatic injury, ototoxicity, hypersensitivity reactions.","PeriodicalId":388338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance and Drug Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127937922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Artificial neural network: A data mining tool in pharmacovigilance","authors":"B. Mamatha, VENKATESWARA RAO PEDDADA","doi":"10.53411/jpadr.2020.1.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53411/jpadr.2020.1.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pharmacovigilance ensures patient safety as well as drug safety. In India, there is still a lot to be done and learned to ensure that the work and activities done in the area of pharmacovigilance are safely implemented. The key issue in India is that adverse drug reaction (ADR) has been underreported. The number of patients who are hospitalized is growing due to adverse drug effects and figuring out the exact cause of ADRs is a problem, if a patient is treated concurrently with several medicines. \u0000Methods: In the analysis, we will analyze the various types of evaluation scale to conduct the ADR evaluation and identify the trigger agents. For situations where various approaches may not be adequate prognostic models, neural networks emerged as advanced data processing devices. \u0000Results: However, it is essentially statistical modeling tools that are used in neural network models, as the term implies. \u0000Conclusions: These models are thus a replacement solution, offering resources that learn by themselves, while not requiring experts or advanced computer programs, to solve problems and discern patterns.","PeriodicalId":388338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance and Drug Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124398028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Animeshchandra G. M. Haldar, S. Chhajed, A. R. Ugale, S. Kshirsagar, K. Dadure, D. Mahapatra
{"title":"Design, synthesis, characterization and in vivo studies of some hydroxylated chalcone derivatives as hypoglycemic agents","authors":"Animeshchandra G. M. Haldar, S. Chhajed, A. R. Ugale, S. Kshirsagar, K. Dadure, D. Mahapatra","doi":"10.53411/jpadr.2020.1.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53411/jpadr.2020.1.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Low molecular weight ligands (LMWL) have a citadel reputation in the modulation of numerous therapeutic targets as a result of their smart uniqueness. The hydroxylated chalcone derivatives have been reported to be therapeutic agents owing to their capability to demonstrate multifarious pharmacological activities, however, their potential in lowering blood glucose levels is not yet explored fully. \u0000Methods: Corresponding aldehydes and acetophenones were made to react in an alcoholic basic medium to produce the desired chalcone scaffolds. The anti-hyperglycemic potentials of the derivatives were studied using the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Compounds 3d, 3f, 3g, 3h, and 3j demonstrated excellent anti-hyperglycemic activity. \u0000Results: Chalcone 3d, having an ortho-methoxy substituent in B-ring, displayed the highest hypoglycemic potential with a 26.9% lowering of blood glucose level compared to standard acarbose which exhibited a 34.7% reduction. Compounds 3a, 3c, and 3e showed the lowest activity. \u0000Discussion: The study revealed the potential of chalcone scaffolds in lessening the blood glucose level by 7.1% to 26.9%. The ortho-position was observed to be high opportunistic for inducing the hypoglycemia activity as compared to para-position and para-position is, in turn, advantageous to the meta-position. \u0000Conclusions: The role of various substituents in modulating this enzyme function was studied. The electron-donating groups were found to be effectual for modulation of the anti-diabetic target compared to electron-withdrawing groups.","PeriodicalId":388338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance and Drug Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129742641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Drug related problems on anti-platelets and anti-coagulants in stroke","authors":"Mounika Thogaru","doi":"10.53411/jpadr.2020.1.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53411/jpadr.2020.1.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Antiplatelet agents prevent platelets from dumping and prevent clots from forming and growing. Anticoagulants slow down clotting thereby reducing fibrin formation and preventing clots. Drug-related problems are a major concern in the view of physical, psychological, and economic burden to patients. \u0000Objectives: The aim of the research work is to access, evaluate and monitor the drug-related problems on antiplatelet and anticoagulants in stroke patients. \u0000Methods: In this study 300 numbers of patients were screened including both males and females of all age groups in a super specialty hospital. \u0000Results: The number of ADRs was found to be predominantly associated with a male as compared to females as well as most ADRs were reported for patients with cardiac stroke as compared to ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. \u0000Conclusions: Low molecular weight heparins, aspirin, clopidogrel drugs resulted in various adverse drug reactions. Mostly 114 cases of ADR were due to drug-drug interactions followed by drug-food interactions and drug ethanol interactions as was concluded from the study.","PeriodicalId":388338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance and Drug Research","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117217597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with combination therapy of spironolactone and torsemide","authors":"Melcy Philip, Kala Kesavan, J. Prakash","doi":"10.53411/jpadr.2020.1.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53411/jpadr.2020.1.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Dytor plus tablet is a fixed-dose combination of torsemide and spironolactone used for generalized edema. TEN is a serious, potentially life-threatening dermatological disorder. \u0000Methods: Here we present a case report of a 47-year-old female who was on Dytor Plus (5/50 mg)therapy once daily for generalized edema; presented to dermatology outpatient department with chief complaints of multiple erosions over oral cavity, swelling of lips with scaling, redness and burning sensation in both eyes, multiple well defined mostly erythematous rashes over the entire body since 2 days. \u0000Results: On examination, her vital signs were stable and lab results indicate she had elevated SGOT(140 IU/L), SGPT (228 IU/L), ALP (162IU/L), and blood urea(47 mg/ml) values. The patient was diagnosed to have developed Dytor plus induced toxic epidermal necrolysis. Discontinued the medicine and prescribed with Dexamethasone injection, IgG Injection, Cefotaxime injection, Cloxacilline capsule, Cetirizine tablet, Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose eye drop, and candid mouth paint. The patient had a hospital stay of 25 days. \u0000Conclusions: The patient improved symptomatically. Causality was assessed as per the WHO-UMC causality scale and this case was put in the probable category. This case was uploaded via vigiflow under the pharmacovigilance programme of India having report Id 2019-30695.","PeriodicalId":388338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance and Drug Research","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121832860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Baijayanti Rath, M. Naik, Bhabagrahi Rath, Renuka Bhoi, Jai Prakash
{"title":"Cutaneous adverse drug reactions in a tertiary care hospital: An observational study","authors":"Baijayanti Rath, M. Naik, Bhabagrahi Rath, Renuka Bhoi, Jai Prakash","doi":"10.53411/jpadr.2020.1.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53411/jpadr.2020.1.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) are one of the most common ADRs caused by drugs causing a lot of morbidity and mortality. The overall incidence of CADRs in developed countries is 1-3 %, while that in the developing countries is reported to be higher between 2 % and 5 %. Changes in drug metabolism drug interactions, oxidative stress, and various cytokines are the various factors that cause cutaneous adverse drug reactions. \u0000Aim and objective: This study aims to evaluate the patterns of CADRs, the causative drugs along with causality and severity assessment. \u0000Methods: A total of 50 Patients with cutaneous adverse drug reactions who were included in our last study attended skin OPD, VIMSAR Burla, from June 2018 to September 2018 and were analyzed for causality assessment using the WHO-UMC scale and severity assessment using Hartwig and Siegel's scale. \u0000Results: Out of 50 patients, 48 % belong to the age group 21-40 years. Around 44 % of CADRs were fixed drug eruptions. NSAID was found to be the most offending drug and it contributed to a maximum of 32 % of ADRs. 16 % of ADRs were found to be caused by antitubercular drugs. Paracetamol was the key NSAID, contributing 87.5 % of ADRs. Causality was certain, probable, and possible for 8 %, 24 %, and 60 % of ADRs respectively. Severity was mild for 64 % and moderate for 34 % of ADRs. \u0000Conclusions: NSAID and antitubercular drugs are the commonest drugs causing CADRs. Fixed drug eruption is the most common CADRs and the commonest drug was paracetamol. Causality grade was possible and the severity grade was mild.","PeriodicalId":388338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacovigilance and Drug Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129885924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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