EPI International Journal of Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Increased hardness value due to the diffusion of low-temperature carburizing process","authors":"Nitha, O. S. Sutresman, A. Y. Aminy, L. H. Arma","doi":"10.25042/epi-ije.022023.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.022023.03","url":null,"abstract":"This research to determine the effect of the tensile load on the carburizing process and the heating temperature lower than the normal carburizing temperature on the hardness of carbon steel with a percentage of 80% buffalo bone charcoal and 20% BaCO3, 20 mesh grain size, 4 hours holding time, and slow cooling with a tensile load of 1/4σp 1/2σp 3/4σp, and σp (proportional stress). The heating temperatures below normal carburizing temperatures, namely 6000C, 6500C, 7000C, and 7500C while being pulled by 1/4σp, 1/2σp, 3/4σp, and σp. After reaching the heating temperature, the material is held in the furnace for 4 hours and cooled slowly. After the material is cold, mechanical testing is carried out with Vickers microhardness. Hardness value at a temperature of 6000C is 103.93 HRB, at a temperature of 6500C is 104.33 HRB, at a temperature of 7000C is 104.80 HRB, and at a temperature of 7500C is 106.60 HRB, while the process of pack carburizing without tensile at a heating temperature of 8000C is 105.2 HRB. This proves that the application of loads at lower heating temperatures during the heating process can exceed the hardness value without tensile loads at higher temperatures of 8000 C.","PeriodicalId":387754,"journal":{"name":"EPI International Journal of Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140509442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choosing the Best Functions for the Rayleigh-Ritz Vibration Analysis of Beams","authors":"Yusuke Mochida, Moshe Eisenberger","doi":"10.25042/epi-ije.022023.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.022023.05","url":null,"abstract":"The Rayleigh-Ritz Method is used extensively for the vibration analysis of structures. The accuracy depends on the assumed functions. In this work several different groups of functions are examined and compared for the accuracy of the resulting natural frequencies, and for the overall mode shape error norms calculated with respect to the known exact solutions. It is concluded that a set that combines low order polynomials, odd cosine and odd sine functions, or, even cosine and even sine functions, is more likely to yield the best accuracy and convergence of both frequency and mode shapes for a general beam structure.","PeriodicalId":387754,"journal":{"name":"EPI International Journal of Engineering","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139624593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of JavaScript Code Similarity Detection for Assessment of Web Programming Assignment","authors":"M. Niswar","doi":"10.25042/epi-ije.082022.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.082022.01","url":null,"abstract":"Students tend to copy programming assignments from their classmates in programming courses. Students copy codes in various ways, such as changing variable names and code structure order. Lecturers spend much time checking programming assignments, especially when the number of students enrolled in the course is large. They must check whether students have completed their programming assignments individually or copied their classmates' assignments. We developed a JavaScript code similarity detection application for web programming coursework using lexical analysis and Jero Winkler's Algorithm. Our application can detect the level of the students’ programming assignment similarity and assist the lecturer in deciding on plagiarism. ","PeriodicalId":387754,"journal":{"name":"EPI International Journal of Engineering","volume":"30 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116015088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Vibration Measurement System using a Microcontroller","authors":"K. Sekine, Keigo Hayakawa","doi":"10.25042/epi-ije.082022.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.082022.04","url":null,"abstract":"It is important to interpret resonance in the design to reduce the vibration of mechanical structures, and to verify this resonance phenomenon by experiments and theoretical approach. When the vibration of a continuous system is observed using a vibration system, the experience and skill of the observer affect the measurement accuracy of the natural frequency and vibration modes. Therefore, in this study, a vibration measurement system is developed to stably and quantitatively verify the natural vibration of the beams using a microcontroller and an ultrasonic sensor. The vibration measurement system consists of a microcontroller, a vibration motor and an ultrasonic sensor. The accuracy and validity of the natural frequencies of the beams measured by the system are discussed, and the performance of present system is evaluated on the basis of the measurement results of the natural frequencies and the natural vibration waveforms.","PeriodicalId":387754,"journal":{"name":"EPI International Journal of Engineering","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130811128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study Experimental the Effect of Normalizing Treatment and Galvanic Pack Carburizing Process on Mechanical Properties of Low Carbon Steel","authors":"Citra Annisa, I. Renreng, Lukamnul Hakim Arma, William Pian","doi":"10.25042/epi-ije.082022.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.082022.09","url":null,"abstract":"Steel is the type of metal most often used in engineering. This study aimed to improve the mechanical properties of mild steel in terms of hardness, ductility, and other mechanical properties and to compare the hardness of carburized steel by galvanic treatment with non-galvanic carburizing of the steel. This research was carried out by varying the heat treatment process, namely carburizing with galvanic heat treatment and carburizing without galvanic, where the carburizing process uses activated carbon coconut shell charcoal with a weight percentage of 80% and 20% of K2CO3 (Potassium Carbonate) at a temperature of 9000C with a holding time of 60 minutes, 120 minutes and 180 minutes. The results obtained from this study indicate that the mechanical properties (hardness) of carbon steel increase at a temperature of 9000C with a holding time of 1 hour on the galvanic heating method with a better hardness value than the hardness of steel on the non-galvanic method. The hardness value obtained in the galvanic method is 94.06 HRB, while in the non-galvanic method, it is 76.4 HRB. And the pearlite phase is formed, increasing the hardness value on the surface of the specimen.","PeriodicalId":387754,"journal":{"name":"EPI International Journal of Engineering","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122656995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Mg and Zn Composition Variations on Surface Characteristics and Flexural Strength of Biodegradable Mg-Zn-Ca Alloys by Powder Metallurgy Method","authors":"Yuliana Simons, O. Sutresman, H. Arsyad","doi":"10.25042/epi-ije.082022.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.082022.08","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy's surface characteristics and flexural strength using powder metallurgy methods. The Mg-Zn-Ca alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy method with three composition variations (89Mg-10Zn-1Ca, 93Mg-6Zn-1Ca and 97Mg-2Zn-1Ca). The Mg-Zn-Ca powder alloy was mixed with the dry milling process for 60 minutes. After mixing, the compaction process is carried out with a load of 200 MPa. Then, the sintering process was carried out at a temperature of 500 ℃ and held for 3 hours with a furnace fed with argon gas. The sintering results were characterized by the microstructure of the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy using SEM and XRD. After that, it was carried out to test the flexural strength of the Mg-Zn-Ca alloy. SEM results obtained that the 89Mg-10Zn-1Ca alloy sample has less porosity and a smaller pore diameter compared to the 93Mg-6Zn-1Ca alloy sample and the 97Mg-2Zn-1Ca alloy sample, which has more porosity and has a smaller diameter. Bigger pore. The results from XRD had the highest peak in the 89Mg-10Zn-1Ca alloy sample, seen from a crystalline spectrum of 82.4%. The results of the bending test, the most optimal flexural strength occurred in the 89Mg-10Zn-1Ca alloy sample, which was 0.579 Mpa. The results from XRD had the highest peak that occurred in the 89Mg-10Zn-1Ca alloy sample, seen from a crystalline spectrum of 82.4%. The results of the bending test, the most optimal flexural strength occurred in the 89Mg-10Zn-1Ca alloy sample, which was 0.579 Mpa. The results from XRD had the highest peak in the 89Mg-10Zn-1Ca alloy sample, seen from a crystalline spectrum of 82.4%. The results of the bending test, the most optimal flexural strength occurred in the 89Mg-10Zn-1Ca alloy sample, which was 0.579 Mpa","PeriodicalId":387754,"journal":{"name":"EPI International Journal of Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121577163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Spot Welding Parameters for Dissimilar Material Mild Steel and Galvanizes Steel on Nugget Size and Mechanical Strength","authors":"A. Hayat, La Ode Al Muslim, A. Y. Aminy","doi":"10.25042/epi-ije.082022.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.082022.05","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of spot welding parameters on the size of the weld nugget and the maximum shear strength on dissimilar material mild steel and galvanized steel. The Taguchi and ANOVA methods were used to determine the welding parameters’ contribution to joint quality. Experimental design using Minitab-19 software with Taguchi method of 3 level 3 factor with L27 runs. Specimen size and dimensions were made using ASTM D1002 standard, with a plate thickness of 0.8 mm. Taguchi analysis S/N ratio data mean for weld nugget diameter with three levels of current used, 4 kA, 6 kA, and 8kA, shows the most influential on the diameter of the weld nugget was at 8 kA. The three levels of welding time used, 2s, 4s, and 6s, show the most influential on the diameter of the nugget the weld was at the third level for 6 seconds. It found that there was no significant difference in the size nugget at the three electrode pressure levels of 30 Ppsi, 40 Psi, and 50 Psi. Based on the tensile test and Taguchi analysis, the lowest shear strength was found in a weld nugget size of 3.15 mm at a welding current of 4 kA, a welding time of 2 seconds, an electrode pressure of 30 Psi, with a shear tensile strength of 300.19 N. Along with an increase in the size weld nugget correlated to an increase of shear strength. The highest shear tensile strength was found in the nugget size of 4.16 mm, with a welding current of 8 kA, welding time of 2 seconds, electrode pressure of 50 Psi, with a shear tensile strength of 3383.43 N. From the ANOVA, it found that the three factors of spot welding parameters were used, the most influential parameter in the formation of weld nuggets was welding current with a contribution of 84.86% then followed by welding time with a contribution of 14.86% and electrodes force with a contribution of 0.13%. Then from the three factors of spot welding parameters that were used the most influential parameter on the maximum shear tensile strength was the welding current with a contribution of 95.86 % then followed by welding time with a contribution of 0.52% and electrodes force with a contribution of 0.05%.","PeriodicalId":387754,"journal":{"name":"EPI International Journal of Engineering","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127372333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evaluation of Urban Eco Drainage System in Makassar","authors":"A. Mustari, R. Karamma, E. Aprianti","doi":"10.25042/epi-ije.082022.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.082022.02","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of study is to reduce surface water runoff in low-lying areas that potentially occurred flooding. The concept of environmentally friendly drainage is the right choice to be applied in reducing the potential for flooding and sediment buildup, especially in areas with small water absorption. The quantitative method used to analyze hydrological and flood discharge then evaluated canal capacity in urban area. Rainfall data and population development for 10 years are used to determine the planned discharge with a certain return period according to actual conditions. The result show that from the 4 types of primary canals, an average of 1.03 m3/sec can be obtained. while the evaluation results for the secondary channel obtained 7 channels with a reduced average inundation discharge of 1.97 m3/s. It can be said that the application of infiltration wells is quite effective to be used as an alternative solution in reducing inundation of urban area. ","PeriodicalId":387754,"journal":{"name":"EPI International Journal of Engineering","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117188988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive Vibration Control of Smart Structure Using Deep Reinforcement Learning","authors":"S. Honda, Yuta Imura, K. Sasaki, Ryo Takeda","doi":"10.25042/epi-ije.082022.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.082022.03","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the authors developed an adaptive control method using deep reinforcement learning which is a kind of machine learning to suppress the vibration of smart structures. This method just requires information about the control response and input, and don’t require numerical models for the controlled object to design the controller. We experimented to verify the effectiveness of this method. In this experiment, a smart structure fabricated by an aluminum plate and a piezoelectric actuator was used as a controlled object. Three kinds of reinforcement learning algorithms are employed, Deep Q Network (DQN), Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG), and Twin Delayed DDPG (TD3), and the control performance is compared. As a result, we succeeded in reducing the  norm of the frequency response to impulse disturbance by up to about 40 dB compared to the uncontrolled case. This demonstrates the applicability of the control method using deep reinforcement learning to adaptive vibration control.","PeriodicalId":387754,"journal":{"name":"EPI International Journal of Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129784423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-Saving Driving for a Flexible Manipulator by Utilizing Micro Fiber Composite","authors":"A. Abe","doi":"10.25042/epi-ije.082022.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.082022.06","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we examine a point-to-point motion task of a flexible manipulator with macro fiber composite (MFC) and then propose a new feedforward control method to suppress driving energy and residual vibration simultaneously. For this, we use an MFC attached to one side of the flexible manipulator that has one revolute joint as an actuator. We attempt to express the joint angle in the control technique by combining cycloidal and polynomial functions. On the other hand, the input voltage profile of the MFC is expressed using Gaussian functions. The trajectory of the joint angle and the input voltage profile are dependent upon the coefficients of the polynomial function and the Gaussian functions, respectively. The trajectory and the input voltage profile are optimized simultaneously to cancel the residual vibration under saving energy by tuning the coefficients using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by performing simulations and experiments. Thus, our findings confirmed that the simultaneous optimization of the trajectory of the joint angle and the input voltage of the MFC saves more energy than only the optimization of the trajectory. Therefore, we could establish an energy-saving feedforward control method by driving two actuators.","PeriodicalId":387754,"journal":{"name":"EPI International Journal of Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121997660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}