Herald of the Association of Criminal Law of Ukraine最新文献

{"title":"Protection of Human Sexual Autonomy in the Draft of Criminal Code of Ukraine: A Critical View","authors":"O. V. Kharytonova","doi":"10.21564/2311-9640.2021.16.244248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21564/2311-9640.2021.16.244248","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of the foundations of the framework regulation of sexual crimes in the draft of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine. The application of critical optics to the provisions of the project problematizes the issues of protecting human sexual autonomy and understanding the zones of theoretical and practical reflection in which they are rooted. To assess the proposed reforms of the criminal code, modern ideas about sexuality as a gendered phenomenon with a deep social interpretation are applied. The appeal to international standards for protecting human sexual autonomy and combating sexual violence focuses on paradigmatic shifts in assessing the legitimacy of sexual relations, centered around the concepts of \"autonomy\" and \"consent\", and the need to improve the draft Criminal Code in this aspect. \u0000The title of the section of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine \"Criminal Offenses against Human Sexual Autonomy\" is offering as more relevant with modern notions of sexuality and internationally recognized standards for determining the parameters of permissible sexual communication. The author stressing that if the nature of the sexual act is understood only as a desire to satisfy the libido, then some variants of illegal sexual behavior remain outside the scope of the Criminal Code, in particular, in situations where sexual violence is used as a tool to control and convey repressive messages. The propose to base the regulation of sexual crimes in new Criminal Code not on the concept of libido, but on the approach of the Istanbul Convention, according to which a sexual act is an act that has a sexual connotation, is supporting in this article. \u0000The absence of voluntary consent as a constitutive feature of sexual violence emphasizes the fundamental importance of the concept of \"voluntary consent\", by which consensual sexual act differs from non-consensual and illegal. In this regard the author, analyzing the problem of legal regulation of sexual relations with minors 14 to 16 year-olds, when their sexual life before reaching the age of consent seems outwardly voluntary, suggests discussing the possibility of introducing into the draft of Criminal Code the construct \"limited voluntary consent\", which will take place when a person is fully not capable to express a voluntary agreement to engage in the sexual activity and to understand the nature and significance of it’s decision regarding sexual relations.","PeriodicalId":387320,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Association of Criminal Law of Ukraine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130372885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problem of criminal legal qualification of domestic violence in law enforcement practice","authors":"Anhelina Yevhenivna Oliinychenko","doi":"10.21564/2311-9640.2021.16.243740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21564/2311-9640.2021.16.243740","url":null,"abstract":"Domestic violence is a phenomenon that can take the form of a socially dangerous act and be qualified as a crime under Art. 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and other articles of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It is the correctness of the criminal legal qualification of domestic violence that became the subject of our study. \u0000             The lack of systematic interpretation of Art. 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine leads in practice to the fact that the courts decide completely differently on the qualification of actions of a person. After all, domestic violence can be a manifestation of both an administrative offense and a criminally punishable act. That makes it impossible to further apply the restrictive measures of a criminal legal nature, enshrined in Art. 91-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Such situation has already become the basis for resolution in the order of review by higher courts and formation of a position on the most problematic aspects by the Supreme Court of Ukraine. In particular, in order to avoid the prohibited double conviction or punishment, the proceedings must be combined on a comprehensive basis and form a single whole. This means not only that the goal and the means used to achieve it must complement each other in nature and be linked in time, but also that the possible consequences of such legal response to appropriate behavior must be proportionate and predictable. for the persons to whom they relate. \u0000            Thus, the purpose of our study is to form a list of issues for the correct criminal legal qualification of actions under Art. 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, for the correct separation from the administrative offense under Art. 173-2 of the Code of Administrative Offenses, as well as from other criminal offenses related to domestic violence. The task is to study the conclusions of the Supreme Court of Ukraine, to analyse the case law, to analyse the research conducted by non-governmental international organizations, as well as to analyse the positions of the doctrine of criminal and criminal procedure law on this issue.  ","PeriodicalId":387320,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Association of Criminal Law of Ukraine","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126118349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective on Criminalization of Smuggling of Goods","authors":"Yurii Vasylovych Grodetsky","doi":"10.21564/2311-9640.2021.15.237373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21564/2311-9640.2021.15.237373","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the perspective on criminalization of smuggling of goods arising in connection with the Draft Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine on criminalization of smuggling of goods and excisable goods and inaccurate declaration of goods» (№ 5420). The Draft Law provides for the following criminal offenses: smuggling (Article 201); transporting across the customs border of Ukraine out of customs control or with concealment from customs control of timber or lumber of valuable and rare species of trees, unprocessed timber, as well as other timber prohibited for export out of the customs territory of Ukraine (Article 201-1); smuggling of goods (Articles 201-2); smuggling of excisable goods (Articles 201-3); smuggling of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, their analogues or precursors or falsified medicines (Article 305). They form a homogeneous group of actions, between which there must be systemic connections. It follows that the reasons for formulating the peculiar title of Article 201-1 are missing. The title of this article should be formulated as follows: «Smuggling of timber or lumber of valuable and rare species of trees, unprocessed timber, as well as other timber prohibited for export out of the customs territory of Ukraine». It was found that Article 201-2 of the Draft Law provides for the general description of a criminal offense, and the description of criminal offenses specified in Articles 201, 201-1, 201-3 and 305 of the Draft Law are peculiar. In this regard, it seems appropriate to swap the Criminal Law provisions of Articles 201 and 201-2 of the Draft Law.\u0000In Section 4 of Article 201-4 of the Draft Law, the phrase «assistance in any form by a customs official to commit such acts with the use of power or official position» is not a qualifying feature, but an independent structure. If there is a need to criminalize this act, it may be provided for in a separate article or should be specified in a separate section of Article 201-4 of the Draft Law as an independent act.\u0000It is established that on the one hand, the criminalization of smuggling of goods is an urgent need in Ukraine, on the other side the present Draft Law of Ukraine cannot effectively address this issue, as it requires additional elaboration.","PeriodicalId":387320,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Association of Criminal Law of Ukraine","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123014050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of the official opponent to the dissertation of Babanina Victoria Viktorivna \"Criminal legislation of Ukraine: the mechanism of creation and implementation\"","authors":"V. Borysov","doi":"10.21564/2311-9640.2021.15.233110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21564/2311-9640.2021.15.233110","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the topic of dissertation research of Babanina Victoria Viktorivna \"Criminal legislation of Ukraine: the mechanism of creation and implementation\" is considered. The degree of validity and reliability of scientific provisions, conclusions and recommendations formulated in the dissertation are highlighted. The scientific novelty and practical significance of the results obtained in the dissertation are established.","PeriodicalId":387320,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Association of Criminal Law of Ukraine","volume":"27 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133552025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cо-perpetrators of torture: national and convention definition framework","authors":"Yu.S. Tavolzhanska, I. A. Kopyova","doi":"10.21564/2311-9640.2021.15.233649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21564/2311-9640.2021.15.233649","url":null,"abstract":"The article is prepared in continuation of development of author's dissertation researches. The paper reveals the peculiarities of objective and subjective features of cо-perpetration in torture (both on the basis of the provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, and taking into account the provisions of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. When interpreting national criminal law norms in the light of convention provisions, the requirements of two-frame criminal law research are met. The authors' positions are supported by message from human rights organizations, decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, and theoretical modeling. The article contains the following conclusions. A co-perpetrator of torture may commit this criminal offense by his or her own actions or omissions, use another person as a “means” of committing a criminal offense, or delegate the commission of a criminal offense to another person. A co-perpetrator of torture may join in committing torture at any stage of the commission of this criminal offense. If, under the circumstances of complicity in torture, a public official or other person acting in an official capacity direct torture, he or she is the perpetrator (co-perpetrator) of the offense. If, in complicity in torture, a public official or other person acting in an official capacity creates the conditions for committing the offense, he or she should be recognized as the organizer, instigator or accomplice of the torture (depending on the role he or she has played). If, in complicity in torture, a public official or other person acting in an official capacity doesn't interfere of torture, he or she is the accomplice to torture. Not preventing torture should not be confused with the mental violence that can be used to torture. Article 1 of the 1984 Convention also covers cases of involvement in the torture of public official or other person acting in an official capacity.","PeriodicalId":387320,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Association of Criminal Law of Ukraine","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124550783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ensuring the rights and safety of prisoners during the COVID 19 pandemic","authors":"Mykhailo Vasylovych Romanov","doi":"10.21564/2311-9640.2021.15.231331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21564/2311-9640.2021.15.231331","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the issue of ensuring the rights and safety of prisoners during the COVID 19 pandemic. Research was conducted on problems in the operation of penal institutions relating to the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of prisoners and the establishment of appropriate hygienic conditions in penal institutions. Some of the results of an anonymous interview of prisoners are cited, which make it possible to conclude that the State Penal Enforcement Service is unable to impose the necessary quarantine measures, as well as being unable to provide adequate medical care to prisoners and ensure their safety in physical isolation during the spread of COVID 19. \u0000Some of the recommendations that have been drawn up in the international penal correction system and that relate to the introduction of quarantine measures in non-custodial facilities have been analysed, and their justification and enforcement have been considered. The examination of the plans gives the author grounds to argue that only the adoption of relevant normative acts and action plans was ensured in Ukraine, but that the plans themselves were not properly implemented. The author points out that the failure of the Penal Correction Service to introduce and implement these measures is due to a significant underfunding of the needs of penal departments and institutions, as well as to the inadequate implementation of those measures, as provided for in normative acts. \u0000In his conclusions, the author points out that the practice of the enforcement of criminal sanctions requires the serious and consistent introduction and implementation of the measures provided for in the regulations for the period of quarantine, as well as significant reforms in the medical care of prisoners and adequate funding of such reforms by the State.","PeriodicalId":387320,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Association of Criminal Law of Ukraine","volume":"10 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122208147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretation of some criminal law aspects of the right to respect for private life","authors":"Yuriivna Timofeyeva","doi":"10.21564/2311-9640.2021.15.233613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21564/2311-9640.2021.15.233613","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers some issues of interpretation of the right to privacy in the practice of the ECtHR and its impact on the criminal law of Ukraine. \u0000Numerous violations of the articles of the Convention require systematic response of the state and appropriate changes in both legislation and changes in law enforcement practices. The violations relate in particular to problems of interpretation of the provisions of the Convention. Provisions of Art. 8 of the Convention are related to other provisions of the Convention and the development of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights on certain issues. \u0000It is noted that the Convention is dynamic, it changes under the influence of society, its provisions change in the process of development and acquire new meanings. In particular, the ECtHR recognizes a violation of Art. 8 (right to respect for private life) in those contexts in which he has not previously recognized. In particular, interpretation of Art. 8 of the Convention in the context of the right to environmental safety in case significant harm to the persons health (cases Dubetska and others v. Ukraine, Grymkivska v. Ukraine), the right to beg in the context of the right to freedom of expression (Lakatush v. Switzerland). \u0000It is established that the development of these provisions requires analysis and consideration in the development of a new Criminal Code. At the same time, care must be taken to maintain a balance between freedoms and human rights and the security of society and the state. It is important that the rights enshrined in the Convention remain fundamental and do not go beyond the interests and needs of the individual. In addition, it is also necessary to take into account the national characteristics of the state.","PeriodicalId":387320,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Association of Criminal Law of Ukraine","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129546606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Right to Property and Property Rights as Objects of Possession, which is Committed by the Abuse of an Official by his Official Position (Part 2 of Article 191 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine)","authors":"P. Berzin, Ruslan Anatoliiovych Volynets, M. M. Khomenko","doi":"10.21564/2311-9640.2021.15.235700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21564/2311-9640.2021.15.235700","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the criminal and civil understanding of the concepts of \"foreign property\", \"right to property\" and \"property law\". Different meanings of these concepts are considered. Differences in criminal and civil law understanding of these concepts and their relationship are established. \u0000It is substantiated that the subject of possession provided for in p. 2 art. 191 of the Criminal Code is only someone else's property, not the right to property and property rights. \u0000It is substantiated that the concept of \"property\" in the relevant compositions of criminal offenses against property performs other functions than the concept of \"property\" in civil law, and that the criminal law understanding of property and civil law definition of property in p. 1 of art. 190 of the Civil Code are unequal (different). \u0000On this basis and taking into account the legal positions of the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court of Ukraine, the conclusion is formulated that the subject of possession in the relevant composition of criminal offenses against property can be only someone else's property, not the right to it or not a property actions. \u0000The concepts of “property right” and “right to property” are not identical, and the concepts of “property right”, the term \"right to property\" constitute real rights on the property, but no other rights that are not property. \u0000In view of this, the possession by an official by abusing his official position the right to property or, in other words, the possession by an official by abusing of the right to property cannot be qualified under the relevant part of art. 191 of the Criminal Code. \u0000In addition, the article analyzes the definition of \"right to property\", which affect the recognition of the right to property as a kind of \"subject\" of the so-called \"selfish abuses\" under art. 364, 364-1 of the Criminal Code. \u0000It is emphasized that when an official possession the right to property committed by abusing his official position, he cannot qualify under the relevant part of art. 191 of the Criminal Code, as there is no such mandatory feature of p. 2 of art. 191 of the Criminal Code of abuse as someone else's property that is the subject of abuse.","PeriodicalId":387320,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Association of Criminal Law of Ukraine","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124681396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The main trends of cybercrime in the quarantine period and counteraction to it","authors":"V. Batyrgareieva","doi":"10.21564/2311-9640.2021.15.237174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21564/2311-9640.2021.15.237174","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the latest trends in cybercrime during the introduction and implementation of quarantine measures in connection with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in the world and the consequences of this type of crime. Such trends include: a significant increase in the number of cybercrimes in the world and in Ukraine; «exploitation» by criminals of people's concerns about the situation with the coronary crisis and its negative consequences, as a result of which the whole array of these crimes somehow correlates with the pandemic; expanding the objects of cyberattacks and shifting the emphasis on how to «more effectively» interfere in the work of information and communication devices; the emergence of the so-called pandemic offender; creating a serious threat from cybercriminals to the health sector, etc. The whole array of cybercrimes is divided into offenses, in the «scenario» of which the coronavirus theme is decisive, and «traditional» cybercrimes, the committing of which is not directly conditioned by this event, although the number of such crimes (increasing) correlates with special pandemic conditions. The article presents the reasons that led to the emergence of a new phenomenon in the criminal world – a pandemic criminal, whose illegal behavior is manifested primarily in the information space. The danger of cybercrime for the lens of critical infrastructure is emphasized, with special emphasis on medical facilities. The conceptual idea of ​​counteracting cybercrime is revealed, which consists in changing the strategy of counteracting cyber threats from «traditional» offensive to defensive, in which the priority should be given to the protection of information from possible threats. This is due to many factors, including the modern format of communication, the nature of production processes and business, blurring the boundaries between corporate and personal information and communication devices, the dependence of information security on the human factor, the need to find additional sources for information security. The content of the defense strategy of counteraction will determine the strategic directions of this counteraction. The main directions of the defense strategy are: 1) development and implementation of information security policy as individual subjects of the information space, and society, the state as a whole; 2) information education on topics that are most often exploited by criminals during epidemics, pandemics and other natural and social cataclysms, and specific information security measures; 3) development of the market of information security outsourcing services; 4) formation of skills of observance of information hygiene of ordinary citizens in cyberspace; 5) constant monitoring and research of problems of digitalization of society; etc.","PeriodicalId":387320,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Association of Criminal Law of Ukraine","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127250156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the issue of countering the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by means of administrative and criminal law","authors":"V. Borysov, D. Yevtieieva","doi":"10.21564/2311-9640.2021.15.235702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21564/2311-9640.2021.15.235702","url":null,"abstract":"The study highlights the dynamics of legislative changes and the current state of legal regulation of administrative and criminal liability for violations of quarantine rules. The shortcomings of the relevant legislative provisions were revealed, in particular, a conclusion was made about the violation of the principle of system-legal coherence of administrative and criminal legislation. Thus, there are issues about the delimitation of the provisions of the administrative provided in the Art. 44-3 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses and criminal offenses provided in the Art. 325 of the Criminal Code (in terms of such consequences as the threat of harm, specified in the part 1 of the Article 325 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). In addition, there is an excessive severity of sanctions in the Art. 44-3 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses and their incompatibility with the sanctions of the Art. 325 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. In the context of the settled case law of the European Court of Human Rights the fine under the part 1 of the Art. 443 of the Code of Administrative Offenses based on its size and subject to appointment may be recognized as corresponding to a criminal offense within the meaning of the Art. 7 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Another drawback of the legislation is the lack of enshrining a criminal offense for violating quarantine regulations. \u0000On the basis of the conducted research it is offered to make changes to norms of the Art. 44-3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses and the Art. 325 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine in order to optimally regulate legal responsibility for violation of sanitary rules and regulations for the prevention of infectious diseases and mass poisoning (Article 325 of the Criminal Code), as well as quarantine rules (the Art. 44-3 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses). The main task of such changes is to construct a consistent chain of normatively established offenses in the field of compliance with quarantine rules (administrative offense - criminal offense – non-grave offense – grave offense) with adequate and proportionate responsibility for their commission.","PeriodicalId":387320,"journal":{"name":"Herald of the Association of Criminal Law of Ukraine","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126066564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}