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Health Risk Assessment of Hazardous Waste Incinerator Stack Emissions 危险废物焚烧炉堆排放物的健康风险评估
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1986.3.367
K. Kelly
{"title":"Health Risk Assessment of Hazardous Waste Incinerator Stack Emissions","authors":"K. Kelly","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1986.3.367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1986.3.367","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The operating performance of one of the most modern incineration facilities in West Germany has been extensively tested by German and U.S. environmental authorities to provide a basis for evaluating operating characteristics and establishing future regulations. Using the Inhalation Exposure Methodology (IEM) to estimate the offsite exposure to 25 metals and PCB's in the stack emissions, a health risk assessment was performed of the risk of adverse health effects due to exposures to stack emissions assuming a variety of exposure conditions. Exposure guidelines were developed to assess the relative risk of non-carcinogenic effects. The densely populated Newark/New York area population was selected as the population being hypothetically exposed to these stack emissions. Neither the metals nor the organics were found to pose a high risk to offsite populations under normal operating conditions. Offsite concentrations of stack emissions are as much as up to several orders of magnitude below \"acceptable...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114161615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
The Effects of Ethylene Glycol on a Cement-Based Solidification Process 乙二醇对水泥基固化过程的影响
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1986.3.167
D. Chalasani, F. Cartledge, H. Eaton, M. Tittlebaum, M. B. Walsh
{"title":"The Effects of Ethylene Glycol on a Cement-Based Solidification Process","authors":"D. Chalasani, F. Cartledge, H. Eaton, M. Tittlebaum, M. B. Walsh","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1986.3.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1986.3.167","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The effects of ethylene glycol on the setting reactions of hydrating Portland cement and on the eventual structure of the hydrated cement paste have been studied by a combination of techniques including solvent extractions with solvents of varying polarities, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. When ethylene glycol (EG) is solidified with cement, the EG appears to occupy at least 3 different kinds of sites, characterized by differing extractability. Gross alterations of the morphology of the cement matrix do not become apparent until rather large amounts of EG (EG/cement = 0.1 by weight) have been added to the hydrating cement mixture. At that point the structure is clearly weakened, and the EG is more readily extracted. However, at concentrations below the point at which major structural changes take place, there is evidence from X-ray diffraction that EG is entering the semi-crystalline calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel phase and altering its structure. A major effect...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121189304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Gas Chromatographic Determination of C1 and C2 Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Species in Combustion Products 气相色谱法测定燃烧产物中C1和C2氯化烃种类
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1987.4.99
D. Senser, V. Cundy
{"title":"Gas Chromatographic Determination of C1 and C2 Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Species in Combustion Products","authors":"D. Senser, V. Cundy","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1987.4.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1987.4.99","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A simple and reliable gas chromatographic technique has been developed to measure light chlorinated hydrocarbon species in combustion products. Seventeen stable intermediate species along ...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125106129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Thermal Decomposition Properties of a Twelve Component Organic Mixture 十二组分有机混合物的热分解性能
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1986.3.441
D. L. Hall, B. Dellinger, J. Graham, W. A. Rubey
{"title":"Thermal Decomposition Properties of a Twelve Component Organic Mixture","authors":"D. L. Hall, B. Dellinger, J. Graham, W. A. Rubey","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1986.3.441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1986.3.441","url":null,"abstract":"Etude de CHCl 3 , CH 2 Cl 2 , C 2 H 2 Cl 3 , C 7 H 8 (toluene), CH 3 CO−C 2 H 5 , C 2 H 4 Cl 2 , CH 3 CN, C 5 H 8 O 2 (dioxanne), C 6 H 5 Cl, C 5 H 5 N (pepidene), CH 3 −CO−CH 3 et CH 3 OH. On s'est attache a montrer l'influence de la temperature, de la duree du maintient a celle-ci et de la teneur en oxygene de l'atmosphere de la decomposition thermique","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125177129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
The Use of Predicted Boiling Points to Review Tentatively Identified Compound (TIC) Data 用预测沸点评价初步鉴定化合物(TIC)数据
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1989.6.43
W. Eckel
{"title":"The Use of Predicted Boiling Points to Review Tentatively Identified Compound (TIC) Data","authors":"W. Eckel","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1989.6.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1989.6.43","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Laboratories which perform organic chemical analysis of samples from hazardous waste sites, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques, are required to report the identity of significant unknown compounds (those not present in the calibration mixture, whose GC retention times are therefore not measured). Such \"tentatively identified compounds\" (TIC's) are identified by the GC/MS data system by comparison of their mass spectra to the 40,000 spectra in the EPA/NIH mass spectral library. A recent article pointed out that the identification of many TIC's is incorrect for a variety of reasons. One of the authors' recommendations to reviewers of TIC data was to compare the boiling points of the spectral library matches to the boiling points of calibrated compounds with similar GC retention times. Experimental studies have shown boiling points to be strongly correlated to GC retention times for semivolatile (bp > 170°C) GC/MS methods. Other parameters, principally molecular connectivi...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125261690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Oxidation of Chlorinated Phenols Using Fenton's Reagent Fenton试剂氧化氯化苯酚的研究
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1993.10.151
F. Potter, J. A. Roth
{"title":"Oxidation of Chlorinated Phenols Using Fenton's Reagent","authors":"F. Potter, J. A. Roth","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1993.10.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1993.10.151","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Oxidation of chlorinated phenols using Fenton's reagent (hydrogen peroxide and ferrous iron catalyst) both oxidize and dechlorinate phenol species. The kinetics of the Fenton's oxidation of the three monochlorophenol isomers and five of the six dichlorophenol isomers were examined under batch and semibatch conditions. Concentrations of the organic species, oxidant utilization and caustic demand required to maintain a pH of 3.5 were monitored. The in-situ chloride concentration were monitored in selected tests as well. Ultimate oxidation to CO2, H2O, and HCl was not obtained under the test conditions, but the extent of oxidation to final products can be estimated from the measured parameters. A mechanism is hypothesized to explain the observed behavior of the oxidation processes. Test results show that the monochlorinated phenols oxidize about as rapidly as phenol itself. The dechlorinated phenols demonstrate a wide range of oxidation rates under the same test conditions. Mineralization was slight...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121747349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 75
Comparison of Organic Emissions from Laboratory and Full-Scale Thermal Degradation of Sewage Sludge 实验室和全面热降解污泥有机排放的比较
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1991.8.201
D. A. Tirey, R. Striebich, B. Dellinger, H. Bostian
{"title":"Comparison of Organic Emissions from Laboratory and Full-Scale Thermal Degradation of Sewage Sludge","authors":"D. A. Tirey, R. Striebich, B. Dellinger, H. Bostian","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1991.8.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1991.8.201","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Samples of sewage sludge burned at one fluidized-bed and three multiple-hearth incinerators were subjected to laboratory flow reactor thermal decomposition testing in both pyrolytic and oxidative atmospheres. The time/temperature conditions of the laboratory testing were established to simulate as closely as possible full-scale incineration conditions so that a direct comparison of results could be made. The laboratory test results indicated that biomass decomposition products, not toxic industrial contaminants, comprised the majority of the emissions. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, acrylonitrile, and acetonitrile were consistently the most environmentally significant products of thermal degradation. Comparison of the results from this study with those obtained in field tests was complicated by an apparent loss of volatile chlorocarbons from the sludge samples received for laboratory testing. However, qualitative comparison of emission factors derived from lab and field results for those compoun...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133608734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Seepage control in contaminated and permeable Houston Clay : a laboratory study 污染和渗透性休斯敦粘土的渗流控制:实验室研究
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1991.8.17
C. Vipulanandan, M. Leung
{"title":"Seepage control in contaminated and permeable Houston Clay : a laboratory study","authors":"C. Vipulanandan, M. Leung","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1991.8.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1991.8.17","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Local soils are being used as barriers and covers in hazardous waste disposal sites and hence better understanding of their performance and treatability under hazardous environment is of i...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132218592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Effectiveness of a Slow-Release Herbicide System for Control of Root Intrusions into Buried Hazardous Waste 一种缓释除草剂系统控制埋藏危险废物根系入侵的有效性
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1991.8.293
M. Dosskey, D. Adriano, C. Murphy, J. Corey
{"title":"Effectiveness of a Slow-Release Herbicide System for Control of Root Intrusions into Buried Hazardous Waste","authors":"M. Dosskey, D. Adriano, C. Murphy, J. Corey","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1991.8.293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1991.8.293","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A slow-release herbicide system was tested for its ability to act as a barrier to plant root growth into buried hazardous waste. A layer of trifluralin-releasing pellets, bonded to polypro...","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132247696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Chemical structures of fuel-rich, premixed, laminar flames of CH2Cl2 and CH4 富燃料的CH2Cl2和CH4的预混层流火焰的化学结构
Hazardous waste and hazardous materials Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/HWM.1990.7.55
M. Qun, S. Senkan
{"title":"Chemical structures of fuel-rich, premixed, laminar flames of CH2Cl2 and CH4","authors":"M. Qun, S. Senkan","doi":"10.1089/HWM.1990.7.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/HWM.1990.7.55","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical structures of atmospheric-pressure, fuel-rich (sooting), premixed, laminar flames of CH 2 Cl 2 and CH 4 have been investigated using a flat-flame burner as a function of equivalence ratio and fuel ratio (CH 2 Cl 2 /CH 4 ). Species mole fraction profiles were determined by hot-water-cooled micro-probe coupled to an on-line gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer. The roles of these species, in view of the current ideas of the mechanism of CH 2 Cl 2 combustion are discussed","PeriodicalId":386820,"journal":{"name":"Hazardous waste and hazardous materials","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134142865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
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