ERPN: Social Enterprise (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Getting Ready for Oil and Gas Development in Canada's Northwest Territories: Aboriginal Entrepreneurship and Economic Development","authors":"Aldene Meis Mason, Léo-Paul Dana, R. Anderson","doi":"10.1504/IJESB.2012.047434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2012.047434","url":null,"abstract":"This case study uses an interdisciplinary approach to examine Inuit and First Nations perspectives and initiatives to foster sustainable entrepreneurship and economic development related to the forthcoming Mackenzie Gas Pipeline in Canada's Northwest Territories. The 1,220-kilometer pipeline will connect the Mackenzie Delta to the Alberta Oil Sands and North American markets. These findings will be of interest to business, government and Indigenous leaders involved in resource development. Key aspects include self-government and land claim agreements, approaches to entrepreneurship and economic development, sustainable development, human resource development initiatives, business service support and increased participation of women and Aboriginal peoples.","PeriodicalId":385942,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Social Enterprise (Topic)","volume":"80 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114457887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employment Generation in Rural Africa: Mid-Term Results from an Experimental Evaluation of the Youth Opportunities Program in Northern Uganda","authors":"C. Blattman, N. Fiala, Sebastian Martinez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2030866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2030866","url":null,"abstract":"This brief summarizes the results of a gender impact evaluation study, entitled Employment generation in rural Africa : mid-term results from an experimental evaluation of the youth opportunities program in Northern Uganda, conducted in the year 2008, in Uganda. The study observed that mid-term results after two years suggest four main findings. First, despite a lack of central monitoring and accountability, most youth invest the transfer in vocational skills and tools. Second, the economic impacts of the transfer are large. Third, the evidence suggests that poor access to credit is a major reason youth cannot start these vocations in the absence of aid. Finally, these economic gains result in modest improvements in social stability. The outcomes are split into three themes: Economic, Alienation, and Subjective Well-being. For each theme, the results are summed and presented as a z-score. The economic impacts are large with an increase in .28 standard deviations. The male and female economic impacts are similar. Funding for the study derives from Gender Action Plan, Uganda Social Action Fund, Spanish Impact Evaluation Fund.","PeriodicalId":385942,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Social Enterprise (Topic)","volume":"731 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116068237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eliminating the Underlying Cause of Poverty as a Means to Global Economic Recovery","authors":"R. Ashford","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1583653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1583653","url":null,"abstract":"The public analysis of the causes of the current recession and the ways to achieve economic recovery generally proceed on the widely-shared, tacit assumption that there is no substantial, first-order connection between the recession and the failure to address the problem of systemic poverty. Otherwise, the need to alleviate systemic poverty and needed solutions to promote economic recovery would be commonly addressed in the same discussions; and they are not. This widely-shared, tacit assumption is false. The failure to reverse systemic poverty is the fundamental cause of current economic crisis. Recessions (and sub-optimal growth) occur when a critical mass of market participants come to believe that the distribution of future earning capacity is not sufficient to purchase what can be produced despite the physical and technological capacity to employ available labor and capital to produce more over the same period at lower unit cost. The essence of systemic poverty likewise is inadequate earning capacity. In periods of rising unemployment, the problem of inadequate earning capacity (which perennially plagues poor people even in good economic times) rises up through the middle class like rising flood waters. Thus, rather than view Wall Street as too big to fail, it is more accurate to recognize that the earning capacity of poor and middle class people is too important to fail. The mainstream political/economic strategy for promoting economic recovery is (1) capital acquisition with the earnings of capital primarily for big corporations and for well-capitalized persons (generally in proportion to their existing wealth) along with considerable government redistribution, and (2) primarily jobs (but by no means the best or highest paying jobs) and various forms of welfare redistribution for poor and middle class people. Such policies fail to fully employ existing productive capacity because they do not distribute sufficient earning capacity to purchase what can be produced even at decreasing unit costs. The mainstream political/economic approach fails to recognize that a broader distribution of capital acquisition with the earnings of capital will provide greater incentives to profitably employ unutilized productive capacity (both labor and capital) than a narrower distribution of capital acquisition. The missing element in mainstream strategy (which could easily be added to government and private corporate policy, without extra cost to anyone) is to open to poor and middle class people the same government supported institutions of corporate finance, banking, private insurance, government loans, guaranties, and reinsurance and favorable tax and monetary policy (presently relied upon by the Federal Government to stimulate the economy and to facilitate capital acquisition with the earnings of capital for people primarily in proportion to their existing wealth). In this way, poor and middle class people will also be able to enhance their earning capacit","PeriodicalId":385942,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Social Enterprise (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131117064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Marketing Cooperatives on the Bargaining Position of Producers in Farm-Gate Banana Prices: Evidences from Smallholders in Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Getachew A. Woldie, E. Nuppenau","doi":"10.17660/ACTAHORTIC.2010.879.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17660/ACTAHORTIC.2010.879.14","url":null,"abstract":"This paper empirically investigates farm-gate banana (Musa spp.) price negotiation under asymmetric information using a bilateral bargaining model. It makes an attempt to show how memberships in cooperatives affect the bargaining power of smallholders in southern Ethiopia. A regression analysis reveals that cooperative membership positively and significantly affects the bargaining power of smallholder banana growers. The result also confirms that access to central-marketprice information and past-trade relationship enables farmers to stick to their initially asked price.","PeriodicalId":385942,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Social Enterprise (Topic)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126986803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation in South Asia","authors":"M. Abdin","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1409055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1409055","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization polarized the world and made international trade very competitive. Each and every country is trying to exploit whatever trade opportunities are available. The World Trade Organisation (WTO) contracting countries are facing various barriers to trade promotion. Due to bureaucratic and time-consuming process of removing the barriers, many countries are now thinking of alternatives like regional and bilateral free trade agreements for duty-free market access for many of their products.The European Union (EU), considered a model of regional integration, has emerged an economic power. It acts as a unit in various international bodies like the UN and the WTO.The South Asian leaders formed South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and adopted South Asian Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA) and South Asian Freed Trade Agreement (SAFTA), keeping this in mind. The SAFTA came into effect January 01, 2006 for free trade among the eight SAARC member countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. South Asia is miles from the cherished goal of free trade. Bangladesh must study and analyse the opportunities and disadvantages of business under the SAFTA. The business community must strengthen their strengths to take opportunities of the SAFTA and prepare to overcome their weakness to avoid its disadvantages.Bangladesh does need to assess properly the possible effects of SAFTA on its trade with other SAARC member-countries, whether or not it would increase trade, if not why? Bangladesh should raise the issue of its major exportable products in the negative list in the next trade negotiations with the SAARC countries under the SAFTA. It should study the barriers its businessmen are facing in doing business with the other SAARC countries to pinpoint the measures to make SAFTA more effective.The study should concentrate on analysing the possible impact the SAFTA would have on Bangladesh's trade with the SAARC countries. It should identify Bangladesh's major exportable products in the negative or sensitive list of the SAARC countries, so that it can take up the issue in next trade negotiations under the SAFTA.","PeriodicalId":385942,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Social Enterprise (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130427800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We are Merely Consumers","authors":"Tirta Agung Setiawan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1402208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1402208","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to briefly analyze the development of economics thought in Indonesia. This paper highlights issues concerning the country’s economics teaching as well as the overall performance of its economists. The paper is divided into four sections and ends up with a section that is meant to be the conclusion as well as the summary of all the writings. The paper starts with a section that repositions the overall performance of Indonesian economists as “Merely Catalysts of Knowledge”. It is then followed by another three sections that try to examine the core problem affecting the overall performance of Indonesian economists, and come up with three connected answer, “Servilism as a Result of Initial Pragmatization”, “The Starving Lecturers and Professors”, and “Their Low Stock of Knowledge”.","PeriodicalId":385942,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Social Enterprise (Topic)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126476103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why do Firms Do Good? Evidence from Managerial Efficiency","authors":"Lammertjan Dam, M. Koetter, Bert Scholtens","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1361937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1361937","url":null,"abstract":"Are firms doing good? And, if so, why do they engage in social responsibility? To find out, we model corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a choice of the firm to self-restrain from the full exploitation of a production set that contains negative externalities. Compared to such an unconstrained set, some firms choose to behave 'responsible'. Therefore, they may deviate systematically from optimal costs and profits and produce inefficiently. We test this theory using stochastic frontier analysis to estimate firm-specific 'inefficiency', which is conditioned on CSR. CSR determines systematic deviations from optimal cost and profit functions of the firm rather than profitability or cost itself. This way of modeling allows us to identify why firms conduct CSR: altruism, strategic reasons, or 'greenwashing'. Using CSR data from Kidder, Lydenberg and Domini for 1991-2004, we establish that various constituting elements of CSR have a significant impact on profit and cost efficiency. Therefore, CSR can not be regarded as greenwashing. Instead, we provide evidence that supports the idea that strategic reasons is the predominant motive of CSR.","PeriodicalId":385942,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Social Enterprise (Topic)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122464538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons from Business Improvement Districts: Building on Past Successes","authors":"R. Nelson, Erika Christensen, Eileen Norcross","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1358582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1358582","url":null,"abstract":"Although most people probably have not heard of them, Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) have proliferated across the globe. Geographically defined zones authorized to collect taxes from businesses within their boundaries, BIDs have significantly changed urban governance and revived business areas. The property owners within a BID elect a board of directors who funnel the collected funds to various activities, which usually include sanitation, street cleaning, street improvements, additional security, and marketing for the business neighborhood. However, the BID model is very flexible and could be used to tackle other urban problems.This Policy Primer provides basic background information on the history, legal framework, and past successes of BIDs, information that local governments interested in promoting BIDs within their jurisdictions might find useful. It further proposes alternative ways urban governments could give BIDs enhanced roles in local governance.","PeriodicalId":385942,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Social Enterprise (Topic)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123461516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why are Some Negotiators Better than Others? Opening the Black Box of Bargaining Behaviors","authors":"Hillary Anger Elfenbein, J. Curhan, Noah Eisenkraft, Aiwa Shirako, Ashley D. Brown","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1336257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1336257","url":null,"abstract":"The authors address the longstanding mystery of individual differences in negotiation performance. Using Kenny’s (1994) Social Relations Model to examine the role of individual consistency in this dyadic process, analyses showed 52% of the variance in performance resulted from individual differences. Beyond demonstrating consistency, coding systems were used to examine transcripts, linguistic style, and nonverbal behavior in order to ‘open the black box’ and understand what makes some negotiators better than others. With hypotheses grounded in Behavioral Negotiation Theory and Interpersonal Theory, results showed that consistently great negotiators differed substantially from consistently poor negotiators in their behavioral profiles. Limitations and future directions for reinvigorating research in this area are discussed.","PeriodicalId":385942,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Social Enterprise (Topic)","volume":"773 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126937753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"John Mackey's 'Conscious Capitalism'","authors":"C. Herrman","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1307172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1307172","url":null,"abstract":"This paper draws attention to social typology as a factor relevant to the stewardship of offices - in particular those of the business community - and within that focus the notion of dignity is upheld as against that of cynicism. The arguments are developed in the context of entrepreneur John Mackey's 'conscious capitalism', the best canopy label under which to include more specific endeavors such as 'social entrepreneurship' or 'creative capitalism' because it implies a known and considered responsibility to certain normative, chiefly ethical, ends.","PeriodicalId":385942,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Social Enterprise (Topic)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133869457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}