PSN: Local Politics & Policy (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Municipal Service in the Legislation of the Russian Federation (Digest)","authors":"O. Simagina","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2555367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2555367","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims at interpreting the term «municipal service» in the legislation of the Russian Federation. Various treatments of this concept from the point of view of the concept of new public management as one of the ideological bases of administrative reform in the Russian Federation are considered. The author attempts to generate content frameworks of the concept «municipal services» by performing research of a role and distinctive features of municipal services in public services system.The paper analyzes how the regions of the Siberian Federal District implement the administrative reform, and what shortcomings and problems are observed in providing public and municipal services at the level of the units of the Russian Federation. We can conclude that there is a necessity to improve federal laws in relation to such issues as formulating registers of public services and duties, making government contracts, and providing public and municipal services on the base of multifunctional centers and in electronic forms.We analyze some methodological and practical problems of the formation of public services quality requirements. The author suggests a step-by-step method to forming a science-based system of public services quality indices for solving the determined problems. The first step is connected with the differentiation of quality indices into two groups under those legal acts in which they must be reflected. The second step is connected with quality dimensions. We suggest using the category of \"integral quality of public service\". The third and final step is connected with using the problem-oriented approach to forming an indices system of quality assessment of a particular public service or group of services.The article is devoted questions of an estimation of conditions of business development in the Russian Federation. It defines the place of the institutes regulating conducting of an entrepreneurial activity in system of provision of economic growth. The data of the project «Doing Business» performed by the World bank is considered. The dynamics of various criteria for entrepreneurial businesses is described in view of on-going reforms in Russia. The assessment of the situation is based on «BEEPS - The Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey» data. Some conclusions about the effectiveness of the Russian reforms in business regulation are made.","PeriodicalId":385898,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Local Politics & Policy (Topic)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115525213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pushing the City Limits: Policy Responsiveness in Municipal Government","authors":"K. Einstein, Vladimir Kogan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2491699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2491699","url":null,"abstract":"Are city governments capable of responding to the preferences of their constituents? Or is the menu of policy options determined by forces beyond their direct control? We answer these questions using the most comprehensive cross-sectional database linking voter preferences to local policy outcomes in more than 2,000 mid-size cities and a new panel covering cities in two states. Overall, our analysis paints an encouraging picture of democracy in the city: we document substantial variation in local fiscal policy outcomes and provide evidence that voter preferences help explain why cities adopt different policies. As they become more Democratic, cities increase their spending across a number of service areas. In addition, voter sentiment shapes the other side of the ledger, determining the level and precise mix of revenues on which cities rely. In short, we show that cities respond both to competitive pressures and the needs and wants of their constituents.","PeriodicalId":385898,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Local Politics & Policy (Topic)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124961973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Transfers","authors":"R. Corbi, E. Papaioannou, Paolo Surico","doi":"10.3386/w20751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w20751","url":null,"abstract":"We exploit a series of discontinuities, at several population thresholds, in the allocation mechanism of federal transfers to municipal governments in Brazil to identify the causal effect of municipal spending on local labor markets, using a ‘fuzzy’ regression discontinuity design. Our estimates imply a cost per job of about 8; 000 US dollars per year, mostly driven by employment in services, and a local income multiplier of around two. A currency union model with nominal rigidities and liquidity constraints implies that the stimulative effects would have been substantially smaller if local government spending was financed by local tax revenues rather than regional transfers.","PeriodicalId":385898,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Local Politics & Policy (Topic)","volume":"438 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123612200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Municipal Governments Need More Tax Powers? A Background Paper on Municipal Finance in Alberta","authors":"M. McMillan, Bev Dahlby","doi":"10.11575/SPPP.V7I0.42488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11575/SPPP.V7I0.42488","url":null,"abstract":"Local governments in Alberta have faced considerable and variable challenges over the past 60 years. For example, the rapid population and economic growth during the 1950s, ’60s and ’70s created exceptional demands for schools, schooling and municipal infrastructure; demands exceeding those of the last 30 years. Local and especially municipal financing has relied heavily on the property tax throughout. Questions are being asked today about whether the property tax is sufficient for municipal government. Our historical analysis provides insights into the fiscal situation of Alberta’s municipalities that can assist in addressing those questions. The main findings are highlighted here. We conclude that current demands, though considerable, are not creating stress on the property tax as a source of municipal revenue. • The property tax burden in Alberta during the past decade is the lowest that it has been over the past 60 years. Presently, property taxes are about 3.5 per cent of personal income. They were as high as seven per cent during much of the 1960s and averaged in the four to five per cent range from 1950 to 2000. Local and provincial school taxes were responsible for most of the fluctuations in the property tax burden. Municipal property taxes ranged from two to three per cent of personal incomes and recently amounted to about 2.5 per cent, a level typical of that over the past 20 years. • Investment in local infrastructure has over the past 30 years been at half the rate of that of the previous 30 years. Only since 2006, with the assistance of provincial capital grants, has infrastructure spending shown upward movement. Capital spending lagged population growth for many years and probably contributed to a deterioration of infrastructure. • Municipal current or operating expenditures (about three-quarters of the total) have been a declining share of personal incomes since the late 1980s and, since 2000, are a smaller share than observed since the early 1950s. • Since the mid-1990s, municipal total expenditures (current plus capital) have represented a smaller percentage of personal incomes than in any years since 1953. • The cost of financing municipal debt has decreased from 20 per cent of municipal expenditures in the mid1980s to about four per cent today. Other categories have remained comparatively stable. • Government grants to municipalities were greatly reduced from 1993 to 2004 but have since increased and now amount to about 19 per cent of total revenues. • Over 90 per cent of municipal own-source revenues come from property taxes, investment income, and the sales of goods and services. Over the past 30 years, sales generated about one-third of the total. The property tax share has increased from 47 per cent to 55 per cent; essentially absorbing the declining contributions from investment income. • Since the 1960s, municipal long-term debt has declined from 20 per cent of personal income to four per cent. Financial assets of munici","PeriodicalId":385898,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Local Politics & Policy (Topic)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123299322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Municipal Fiscal Policy Space and Fiscal Structure: Tools for Managing Spending Volatility","authors":"R. Hendrick, J. Crawford","doi":"10.1111/pbaf.12042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pbaf.12042","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, we examine the impact of municipal governments' internal fiscal structure and external fiscal policy space on operational spending volatility and fund balances. We test our model using a system of two equations that is estimated with panel data consisting of 265 municipalities in the Chicago metropolitan region from 1997 to 2009. We find that these governments are managing spending volatility using tools available in both dimensions and that the fund balance is a critical tool for this purpose. We also find that the impact of a stringent versus relaxed set of options (home rule) for managing this financial problem is likely to be more complex than what is represented in prior research.","PeriodicalId":385898,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Local Politics & Policy (Topic)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116635368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources of Contemporary Authority for Mayors: Pinning Down Modern Political Authority in Relation to Executives’ Role Orientation","authors":"N. Karsten, S. V. Zuydam","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2489912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2489912","url":null,"abstract":"Political leaders around the world face a general scepticism towards authority. In order to cope with this challenge, new political repertoires and forms of authority are called for. Yet, the sources of contemporary political authority remain underexplored. In this paper the comparative relevance of fourteen authority sources for mayors is studied. It presents the results of a mixed-method study that includes a representative survey of Dutch mayors as well as in-depth interviews and focus groups to relate mayors’ perceptions of available sources of authority to their role orientations. The results show that principle-based and capacity-based authority sources are particularly important for Dutch mayors and challenge the widely shared assumption that the selection procedure is an important source of authority for political leaders. At the same time, other aspects of the mayor’s statutory position, such as his institutional independence and formal responsibilities, have not lost their relevance. Further, our results indicate that the role orientations of mayors to some extent affect the authority sources that they rely upon.","PeriodicalId":385898,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Local Politics & Policy (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132374746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political Selection in the Skilled City","authors":"Antonio Accetturo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2463209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2463209","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the impact of citizensi?½ human capital on the characteristics of elected politicians in democratic elections for the post of mayor. By using a change in the rules for Italian mayoral elections and a difference-in-differences estimator, I find that cities endowed with a larger amount of human capital tend to elect mayors that have a higher educational attainment and that were previously employed in skill-intensive jobs. This result is quantitatively small but robust to omitted variables or selection issues.","PeriodicalId":385898,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Local Politics & Policy (Topic)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125184347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Michigan's Local Leaders Generally Support Detroit Bankruptcy Filing Despite Some Concerns","authors":"Thomas M. Ivacko, D. Horner","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2390792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2390792","url":null,"abstract":"This report presents Michigan local government leaders’ opinions regarding issues surrounding municipal bankruptcies in general, as well as the city of Detroit’s bankruptcy specifically. The findings in this report are based on a statewide survey of local government leaders in the Fall 2013 wave of the Michigan Public Policy Survey (MPPS).","PeriodicalId":385898,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Local Politics & Policy (Topic)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130365312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Karachi Public Library System and Local Government's Financial and Legal Support","authors":"Atiya Khan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2372004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2372004","url":null,"abstract":"This study is devoted to find out public library development in Karachi under the local government set up. There are two parallel public library systems in Karachi, i.e. Karachi Metropolitan Corporation (KMC) and City District Government Karachi (CDGK) which are studied through a survey. Questionnaire was distributed among the library personnel and users. On the basis of response and observations findings are reproduced in this article.","PeriodicalId":385898,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Local Politics & Policy (Topic)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129384152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trust in Government Among Michigan's Local Leaders and Citizens","authors":"Thomas M. Ivacko, D. Horner, Michael Q. Crawford","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2351905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2351905","url":null,"abstract":"This report presents the opinions of Michigan’s local government leaders regarding their trust in the federal, state, and other local governments, based on statewide surveys conducted in the Spring 2013 and Spring 2009 waves of the Michigan Public Policy Survey. The report also includes comparisons to Michigan citizens’ trust in government, based on Michigan State University’s Winter 2013 State of the State Survey.","PeriodicalId":385898,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Local Politics & Policy (Topic)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126968005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}