M. Diederich, F. Gül, C. Özman, A. Benim, L. Ihringer, D. Möller
{"title":"Mechanical Helminth Eggs Separation for Wastewater Purification: Analysis of the Fluid Dynamics","authors":"M. Diederich, F. Gül, C. Özman, A. Benim, L. Ihringer, D. Möller","doi":"10.11159/htff22.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/htff22.117","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract Around 900 million people in developing countries now live without access to clean drinking or industrial water. Water-borne pathogens cause particularly high death rates in children and immunocompromised people. In this context, the helminth eggs are of particular importance. Sedimentation is a widely used method for mechanical cleaning of wastewater. In order to use the sedimentation principle effectively, the sinking behavior of the particles should be known. In the case of the small sewage treatment plants, the question is more complex, as the residence times are shorter and the existing, possibly turbulent flow fields play a greater role for the movement of the pathogens. An overview on the problematic of parasites in wastewater solution methods was presented by Cornel and Kneidl [1]. The aim of the present research is the development of a validated computer simulation model to determine the sinking behavior of helminth eggs and its application to predict the separation characteristics of a small sewage treatment plant with a subsequent optimization of the separation behavior of helminth eggs in this plant. Experimental and numerical","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120990590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ORR Enhancement Using Core-Shell Copt Magnetic Nanoparticles In Cathode Electrode Of Pemfcs","authors":"Jihyun Kim, W. Yang, Yongchan Kim","doi":"10.11159/htff22.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/htff22.149","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have attracted great attention as a power source for automotive industry owing to their eco-friendly characteristics and high energy efficiency. The most important issues for the commercialization of PEMFCs are the high cost of Pt which is used as catalysts in PEMFCs and the slow oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) speed in a cathode catalyst layer. Platinum group metals (PGMs) contribute to 21–45% of the total cost in a PEMFC stack [1]. Pt-M alloys have been studied to solve the issues by reducing Pt loading and enhancing PEMFC performance. Especially, among the alloys, a core-shell CoPt has very high surface reactivity which increases reaction speed [2]. Meanwhile, the application of a magnetic field to ORR catalysts has been investigated to increase ORR speed. Enhancement of catalyst reactivity in a magnetic field was due to paramagnetic oxygen which is attracted to magnetic poles. Catalyst reactivity was enhanced in a magnetic field regardless of the pole direction. Okada et al. [3] reported that a PEMFC with magnetized Nd-Fe-B microparticles in a catalyst layer showed better performance than that with not magnetized Nd-Fe-B microparticles. Therefore, magnetized core-shell CoPt nanoparticles have a great potential for the performance improvement of PEMFCs, but related research is very limited. In this study, the effect of magnetization on the","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116035894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Gas Diffusion Characteristics during Thermal Runaway in ESS Battery Module","authors":"Dong Woo Kim, H. Ryou, Young Man Lee","doi":"10.11159/icmie22.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/icmie22.126","url":null,"abstract":"- Energy storage system(ESS) is an eco-friendly energy storage system but it has safety problems due to explosions and toxic gas. Because the fire in the ESS system is caused by the thermal runaway of the battery, early detection would be essential to avoid fire damage. Gas composition and gas diffusion during thermal runaway are important factors for early detection. Most of this research has been conducted in the battery cells. However, the ESS system consists of battery modules. The spacing distance between battery cells and the module shape affects the gas diffusion for modules. Therefore, the present study aims to numerically examine the gas diffusion characteristics during thermal runaway inside the battery modules, and estimate the time required for detection. Simulations were performed for three cases depending on the fire locations. Numerical results showed that the CO 2 concentration in EES modules reached 5,000 ppm as the criterion for detection, within 20 seconds after a fire occurs. In addition, faster detection would be possible when the sensors are installed adjacent to the cells at which thermal runaway occurs.","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126428072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andoniaina M. Randriambololona, M. Shaeri, Soroush Sarabi
{"title":"Artificial Neural Network Models to Predict Heat Transfer Coefficients and Pressure Drops in Cold Plates with Surface Roughness","authors":"Andoniaina M. Randriambololona, M. Shaeri, Soroush Sarabi","doi":"10.11159/htff22.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/htff22.167","url":null,"abstract":"– In the present study, artificial neural network (ANN) models are developed to predict heat transfer coefficient (ℎ) and pressure drop (∆𝑃𝑃) in cold plates (CPs) with surface roughness operating in turbulent flow. Roughness sizes range from zero (smooth surface) to 0.5 mm, and Reynolds numbers vary from 3,170 to 10,560. The RNG 𝑘𝑘 − 𝜀𝜀 model is used to simulate turbulent flow. Input data for the ANN models are prepared by simulating three-dimensional steady state turbulent flow and heat transfer inside the CPs. Separate multilayer neural networks are selected to predict ℎ and ∆𝑃𝑃 . Both ANN architectures include two hidden layers with 1,024 neurons in each layer. The accuracy of the training process and the neural network is assessed by the mean absolute error. Both ANN models show excellent predictions as the predicted ℎ and ∆𝑃𝑃 are within ±1.2% and ±2.6% of the simulated values, respectively. Since roughness is an inevitable consequence of additive manufacturing, the present study suggests that accurate ANN-based models can be used as promising design tools for optimizing additively manufactured CPs. While roughness improves heat transfer, it leads to a higher pressure drop. As a result, accurate ANN models can be used to design additively manufactured cooling systems with an optimized range of roughness to improve heat transfer while operating within the allowed pressure drop and pumping power.","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133369481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determination of Different Forms of Phosphorus in Waters of the Wastewater Treatment Plant in Durres, Before and After Treatment","authors":"V. Hoxha, A. Jano, K. Vaso, Enkela Poro","doi":"10.11159/iccpe22.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/iccpe22.116","url":null,"abstract":"- The purpose of this article is to present the results of a study on the water of the wastewater treatment plant in Durrës. For this, a study was conducted during the months of May, June and July 2021 which was based on the determination of the different forms of phosphorus in water, as one of the main nutrients, and responsible for the eutrophication of waters. Representative sampling was done before treatment, after treatment and in wetlands. Storage and transport of samples, based on recommended standard methods. Four different forms of phosphorus were identified (orthophosphate, total phosphorus, condensed phosphorus and organic phosphorus). The selection of standard analysis methods was made by APHA and DIN and for each of them the performance parameters of the method were defined (sensitivity, dictation limit and linear area of measurements). The results obtained were processed and compared with \"On permissible discharge rates and zoning criteria for aquatic receiving environments\", and EU Directive 91/271 / EEC. The results obtained from the study, showed the higher concentrations of different forms of phosphorus at the station before treatment, but only the values of total phosphorus concentration resulted outside the allowed norms. At the post-treatment station or in wetlands it is noticed that the concentrations of the studied of different forms of phosphorus are within the allowed norms, with the exception of the total phosphorus concentration. Therefore, for the reduction and recovery of phosphorus from water of wastewater treatment plants, the forms of phosphorus that are present must be considered.","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115819307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cezary Czajkowski, S. Pietrowicz, Henrik Kassai, Andrzej I. Nowak
{"title":"Geometrical Shape of Pulsating Heat Pipe under Hyper Gravity Condition","authors":"Cezary Czajkowski, S. Pietrowicz, Henrik Kassai, Andrzej I. Nowak","doi":"10.11159/htff22.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/htff22.169","url":null,"abstract":"The paper concerns a heat transfer characteristics for a pulsating heat pipe (PHP) under hyper - gravity condition. Two loops of pulsating heat pipe with the internal diameter of 1.5 mm were filled and tested with HFE - 7000 as a working fluid. The experimental se t-up allows for the investigation of two crucial parameters affecting the thermal process i.e. rotational speed (acceleration from 1 to 8g) and filling ratio (44 and 66, %). As a result, the dependences of the thermal resistance on the rotational speeds we re obtained, thus declaring the optimal conditions for the heat transport process. The increase in filing ratio (FR) of the working fluid in hy per- gravity condition improves the thermal efficiency of PHP, as well as the direction of the evaporation section bending.","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117321838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Nguyen, Thanh-Hoang Phan, Dong-Hyun Kim, W. Park
{"title":"Numerical Study of Cavitation Bubble Collapse under Various\u0000Conditions","authors":"V. Nguyen, Thanh-Hoang Phan, Dong-Hyun Kim, W. Park","doi":"10.11159/htff22.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/htff22.133","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract Cavitation bubble plays an important role in applications in diverse fields of science and technology such as naval structure engineering, biosciences, and biomedical technology. The cavitation bubble collapses violently, and in different conditions, the collapse of the cavitation bubble produces high-speed jets of liquid bubbles moving in different directions [1, 2]. This in turn generates high local energy and high-pressure waves and high temperature [3, 4]. Multiple events of cavitation bubble collapse that produce high pressure over time can cause detrimental effects on the mechanical components. This in turn generates high local energy and impacts the surface with high-pressure waves that can erode the metals [5]. Conversely, this energy was observed as useful for the hydrodynamic cavitation process in cleaning technology or in industrial applications such as wastewater treatment and biofuel production [6]. Bubble collapse leads to the re-entrant jet formation, concentrated pressures, shear, and lift forces on the dirt particle or biomass, and high impulsive loads on a layer of materials. In the other approaches, cavitation bubbles can be intentionally generated by using acoustic waves or laser technologies to take advantage of local high-energy and microjets for application to biosciences, and biomedical technology such as needle-free injection devices, tissue engineering, and lithotripsy [7]. In this study, we numerically simulate the cavity bubble expansion and its spherical and non-spherical collapse under various conditions. We shall compare different numerical models for this problem with the advantages and disadvantages of each model. We shall discuss the bubble dynamics as well as the high-speed jet, the presence of a shock","PeriodicalId":385356,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116163751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}