Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov, Series II: Forestry, Wood Industry, Agricultural Food Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Calculation of Optimal Length for Skyline","authors":"I. Rudko, B. Bakay, L. Bont, Y. Romasevych, S. Horzov","doi":"10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"As important for the design of cable logging systems both theoretically and practically, the optimization problem regarding the optimal \u0000length of the skyline was determined. In the process of modeling the shape of the sagging curve of the holding cable, the objective function is \u0000constructed in the form of a transcendental equation, whose roots are determined by iterative and graphical-analytical methods. A numerical \u0000analysis of the problem is carried out. To calculate the optimal length of the skyline, a software algorithm, an engineering formula, and nomograms are proposed.","PeriodicalId":38505,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov, Series II: Forestry, Wood Industry, Agricultural Food Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81014862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wooden Mosques (Candi/Canti Mosques) from Anatolia’s Black Sea Region","authors":"A. Erarslan","doi":"10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Wood has been used in Turkish architecture, not only in houses and warehouse structures but also intensively in the building of mosques. The mosques of the times were built in the wood masonry system and were especially abundant in regions of Anatolia that we're blessed with generous forests. The Black Sea Region particularly abounds with wooden mosques. Known as çantı mosques, these structures represent the region’s cultural wealth. The aim of this article is to describe the mosques built in the “wooden masonry system” (çantı), a group of buildings that together signify a special group of mosques in Anatolian architecture, referring to examples of these types of mosques located in the region of the Black Sea. The features of the plans, construction systems, materials, and ornamentation of these structures will be detailed in an effort to document the identity of this collective cultural legacy and as a contribution to the literature for posterity.","PeriodicalId":38505,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov, Series II: Forestry, Wood Industry, Agricultural Food Engineering","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79914526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Knowledge and Attitude of Using Personal Protective Equipment among Rubber Farmers in Southern Thailand","authors":"J. Kittijaruwattana, S. Hua Lee, A. Chotikhun","doi":"10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"The objects of this study were to assess the knowledge and attitude toward using personal protective equipment (PPE) among 307 farmers who own rubber wood plantation in Southern Thailand. The data were collected by using questionnaires and then the descriptive statistics were analyzed using the SPSS program. The results showed that 187 farmers were male (60.9%) and 105 farmers (34.2%) were 41-50 years old. 120 farmers (36.5%) graduated from primary education. More than half of the farmers have an average monthly income lower than 500 U.S. dollars and 148 farmers (48.2%) handle rubber wood plantation of 1.61-3.20 hectares. The results concerning the farmers’ knowledge of PPE demonstrated that 222 farmers (73.31%, x ̅ = 86.05, S.D. = 15.13, P≤0.01) had a good level and most farmers know that long-sleeved shirts, pants, and wing caps can protect the body from scratches and exposure to sunlight. Indeed, 220 farmers (71.66%) showed a moderate attitude level of PPE use and farmers agreed that they do not need to cover their mouths and noses while fertilizing or spraying pesticides due to using a small amount of chemicals. However, the overall attitudes of the participants in using PPE is concerned with the fact that it can protect users from accidents, animals, mosquitoes, and insects. These results should enable the development of a PPE handbook for rubber farmers who need to serve their plantation following the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC).","PeriodicalId":38505,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov, Series II: Forestry, Wood Industry, Agricultural Food Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86608877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classifying Operational Events in Cable Yarding by a Machine Learning Application to GNSS-Collected Data: A Case Study on Gravity-Assisted Downhill Yarding","authors":"S. A. Borz, M. Cheţa, M. Bîrda, A. Proto","doi":"10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Cable yarding remains an important option in steep terrain timber harvesting, a reason for which new or improved operational efficiency models are required to support science and practice. Developed traditionally, these models are known to require many resources, a reason for which new approaches to the problem were researched lately, mainly by the use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data, and spatial and statistical inference systems. This study evaluates the possibility of using GNSS data and machine learning techniques to classify important cable yarding events in the time domain. Three classes were assumed by the study as being relevant for cable yarding operational setup, namely carriage moving in the uphill (MU) and downhill (MD) directions, as well as carriage stopped (S). Data collected by a consumer-grade GNSS unit was processed to extract some differential parameters which were coupled with GNSS motorial and geometric features to feed a Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network with Back propagation (MLPNNB) in a pre-evaluation phase which aimed at mining the data structure as a strategy to develop the best MLPNNB configuration for training and testing. Leg distance, difference in elevation, speed of the carriage, and difference in heading were used together and interchangeably in this phase, based on logical assumptions. As a result of pre-evaluation, a MLPNNB using all these datasets was found to be the best scenario. Based on this outcome, the data was split into a training (70%) and a testing (30%) subset, then the MLPNNB was used to learn and generalize on these subsets. The main results indicate that the MLPNNB had an excellent performance, with a classification accuracy of 98.7, 98.4, and 98.8% in the pre-evaluation, training, and testing phases, respectively. Log-loss errors were also found to be very low (5, 5.9, and 4.1%, respectively), indicating a high generalization capability of the MLPNNB model. Based on the results, the main conclusion of the study is that original and derived GNSS data coupled with machine learning techniques could prove to be an important tool for operational monitoring and cable yarding efficiency model development, mainly due to the possibility of working with large amounts of data.","PeriodicalId":38505,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov, Series II: Forestry, Wood Industry, Agricultural Food Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72902771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical Expression of Internode Characteristics of Yellow Ampel Bamboo (“Bambusa vulgaris” var. Striata)","authors":"B. Mulyana, R. Reorita","doi":"10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Most bamboo research has focused on growth performance, physic-chemical attributes, and biomass estimation. There are few studies on elaborating the biometrics of bamboo, especially in internodes mathematical expression. In this study, we revealed the mathematical expression of bamboo internode along the culm. We used 30 samples of culms and cut each culm by its internodes. A total of 928 sample internodes were measured for the outer diameter, wall thickness, and length of internodes. The findings showed that the mathematical expression for two-dimensional culm morphometric was a two and three-order function. In contrast, the three and four-dimensional culm morphometric were a four-order function. Moreover, the relationship between relative internode number (RIN) and relative internode length (RIL), and relative cumulated internode length (RCIL) showed a third-order function.","PeriodicalId":38505,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov, Series II: Forestry, Wood Industry, Agricultural Food Engineering","volume":"57 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87718642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potency of Avocado Seeds (”Persea Americana” Mill.) as a Source of Antioxidant Tea","authors":"C. Anwar, I. Irhami, I. R. Aprita","doi":"10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The processing of avocado into avocado juice will produce organic waste, namely avocado skin, and seeds. This potential of organic waste from avocado seeds can be exploited by turning them into tea products. This study employed avocado seed as a source of antioxidants which was made into processed products, namely tea. This research was intended to discover the influence of temperature with avocado seeds on antioxidants as well as the quality of resulting tea products and to determine the best conditions for the drying process of avocado seed tea. This investigation was arranged at the Integrated Lab of Politeknik Indonesia Venezuela and the Laboratory of Banda Aceh Industrial Research and Standardization Center. The experimentation adopted a factorial completely randomized design pattern composed of 2 (two) parameters. The first parameter was avocado seed drying temperature comprising 3 (three) degrees, they were S1 (50°C), S2 (60°C), and S3 (70°C). The second parameter represented the drying time of avocado seeds which comprised 3 (three) degrees, they were L1 (2 hours), L2 (2.5 hours), and L3 (3 hours). Analysis carried out in the research was water, ash value, phenolic content, antioxidant, and sensory (colour, taste, and flavour). From the research, it was shown that the drying temperature was influenced by the moisture content, ash content, and antioxidant activity of avocado seed tea, while the drying time and the treatments of those parameters made an impact on total phenol. The best quality avocado seed tea was obtained from a drying temperature of 50°C along with a length of drying of 2 hours.","PeriodicalId":38505,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov, Series II: Forestry, Wood Industry, Agricultural Food Engineering","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83426822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peculiarities of Reproduction of “Pinus nigra” Arn. in Ukraine","authors":"I. Honcharuk, M. Matusyak, H. Pantsyreva, I. Kupchuk, V. Prokopchuk, N. Telekalo","doi":"10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the peculiarities of black pine reproduction and identifies the most promising methods of propagation for the territory of Vinnytsia city (Ukraine). Having analyzed the germination capacity of the black pine seed material, we found that the percentage of seed germination ranged from 38% (courtyards) to 70% (“Podillya” botanical garden). Examining the duration of black pine seedlings emergence, we found that in almost all objects of the city the largest number of seedlings were established on the 7th day (about 35 pcs.), then the process declined, and the smallest number appeared on the 13th day (about 5-7 pcs.). Studying the black pine propagation by cuttings, we found that when fed with two different rooting stimulants, the best result was obtained with the application of Korenevin (48 pieces), and a slightly lower acceptance rate was demonstrated with the use of Epine (about 34 pieces).","PeriodicalId":38505,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov, Series II: Forestry, Wood Industry, Agricultural Food Engineering","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83310175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on the Mechanization of Date Palm Cultivation","authors":"A. Nourani, F. Garbati Pegna","doi":"10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Date palm is important cultivation for arid regions and its cultivation is expanding, though challenges to its modernization still remain partially unsolved: the mechanization of the most important farming operations is not fully developed, though various attempts have been carried out over time. The aim of this review paper is to provide an overview of the most characterizing research works directed at mechanizing farm operations for date palms in the three main morphological zones: crown, trunk, and roots. Various parameters such as maneuverability, working height, payload, cost, and working capacity have been considered by different authors for the performance analysis of their proposals, though safety is considered by all the main drivers of the research. The projects that have been developed and the relevant results can provide a useful reference for those who want to engage in further developing this sector or in applying some of the more effective proposed solutions. In order to promote this field of research, these attempts of mechanization of date palm cultivation need to concretize it with commercialised devices and machines mainly by strengthening the channels of technology transfer between the university and the socio-economic world on the one hand, and by encouraging the industry to adopt these research results, on the other.","PeriodicalId":38505,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov, Series II: Forestry, Wood Industry, Agricultural Food Engineering","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83968544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Total Content of Polyphenols and the Antioxidant Properties of several Berry Vinegars","authors":"C. Padureanu, A. Maier, V. Pădureanu, A. Nedelcu, M. Lupu, C. Bădărău","doi":"10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Berry fruits represent a valuable source of natural aroma and antioxidants for vinegars. The aim of this research was the evaluation of the \u0000total polyphenol content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and antioxidant properties (by ABTS and DPPH assay) of several vinegars \u0000produced by an acetous fermentation process, using substrates that contain berry (raspberries, blueberries, blackberries) juice (40%; 60%) inoculated with acetous bacteria (0.5%; 1%). Experimental results indicated that blueberry vinegar samples obtained using 0.5% acetous bacteria and 60% berry juices led to the highest mean values for TPC, TAC, and levels of antioxidant activity, but all these variants had significantly the lowest values of acetic acid content.","PeriodicalId":38505,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov, Series II: Forestry, Wood Industry, Agricultural Food Engineering","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85236184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Idea and Spirit of Seven Years of Design and Crafts Based Workshops and Research on Site","authors":"B. Bartha, A. Olărescu, T. Gronegger","doi":"10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31926/but.fwiafe.2022.15.64.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a holistic overview of 7 years of experimental design workshops and their vocational approach toward non-formal education in \u0000the field of design. The research highlights more than 10 years of experience of the authors in organizing the workflow for a series of one-week international design workshops in Romania and Austria. Each workshop had a special topic but all of them were linked by a common scope: interventions in private and public spaces with inspiration and respect for the local built environment, culture, traditions, and crafts.","PeriodicalId":38505,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov, Series II: Forestry, Wood Industry, Agricultural Food Engineering","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87110948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}