{"title":"Article 1—Subject Matter and Scope","authors":"Eleonora Rosati","doi":"10.5771/9783845279893-1711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845279893-1711","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explains that Directive 2019/790 lays down rules harmonise the Union law applicable to copyright and related rights in the framework of the internal market, particularly digital and cross-border uses of protected content. It analyses the Directive's rules on exceptions and limitations to copyright and related rights and the facilitation of licences. It also looks at rules that aim to ensure a well-functioning marketplace for the exploitation of works and other subject matter. The chapter reviews directives that have been adopted in the area of copyright and related rights that contribute to the functioning of the internal market, provide a high level of protection for rightholders, facilitate the clearance of rights, and create a framework in which the exploitation of works and other protected subject matter can take place. It points out how a harmonised legal framework contributes to the proper functioning of the internal market, and stimulates innovation, creativity, investment and production of new content.","PeriodicalId":384665,"journal":{"name":"Copyright in the Digital Single Market","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131157635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Article 6—Preservation of Cultural Heritage","authors":"Eleonora Rosati","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198858591.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858591.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses Article 6 of Directive 2019/790 regarding the copyright in Europe, which allows cultural heritage institutions to make copies of any works or other subject matter in any format or medium for the purposes of preservation. It examines the mandate on Member States to permit cultural heritage institutions to reproduce works and other subject matter to address technological obsolescence or the degradation of original supports. It also refers to the acts of reproduction undertaken by cultural heritage institutions that are subject to the authorisation of rightholders. The chapter looks at the statute that permit cultural heritage institutions that do not have the technical means or expertise to request the assistance of other cultural institutions and other third parties to preserve their collections. It clarifies the consideration of works and other subject matter to be permanent in the collection of a cultural heritage institution.","PeriodicalId":384665,"journal":{"name":"Copyright in the Digital Single Market","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126381989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Article 10—Publicity Measures","authors":"Eleonora Rosati","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198858591.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858591.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter refers to Article 10 of Directive 2019/790 regarding copyright in Europe, which outlines provisions on publicity measures. It talks about Member States that are tasked to ensure that information from cultural heritage institutions, collective management organisations, or relevant public authorities is made permanently, easily, and effectively accessible on a public single online portal. It also clarifies that the portal will be established and managed by the European Union Intellectual Property Office in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 386/2012. The chapter discusses additional appropriate publicity measures that should be taken by Member States regarding the ability of collective management organisations to license works or other subject matter. It suggests that the awareness of rightholders could be raised in other Member States or third countries and covered by publicity measures.","PeriodicalId":384665,"journal":{"name":"Copyright in the Digital Single Market","volume":"239 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116123325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Article 22—Right of Revocation","authors":"Eleonora Rosati","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198858591.003.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858591.003.0023","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses Article 22 of Directive 2019/790, a European copyright directive in the Digital Single Market, which focuses on the right of revocation. It clarifies the right of the author or performer to revoke in whole or in part the licence or the transfer of rights where there is a lack of exploitation of that work or other protected subject matter. It also looks at specific provisions for the revocation mechanism in the national law that takes into account specificities of the different sectors and the different types of works and performances. The chapter cites the task of Member States to exclude works or other subject matter from the application of the revocation mechanism if such works or other subject matter usually contain contributions of a plurality of authors or performers. It explores the options of authors or performers to terminate the exclusivity of their contract instead of revoking the licence or transfer of the rights.","PeriodicalId":384665,"journal":{"name":"Copyright in the Digital Single Market","volume":"306 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120977006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Article 28—Protection of Personal Data","authors":"Eleonora Rosati","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198858591.003.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858591.003.0029","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter looks at the provisions of Article 28 of Directive 2019/790, the European copyright directive in the Digital Single Market. It outlines the processing of personal data that is carried out within the framework of Directive 2019/790 and in compliance with Directive 2002/58/EC and Regulation (EU) 2016/679. It also demonstrates the processing of personal data that should respect fundamental rights, including the right to the protection of personal data. The chapter clarifies that the processing of personal data must be done in respect of the fundamental rights to private and family life and protection of personal data set out in Articles 7 and 8 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. It discusses the protection of personal data pursuant to ePrivacy Directive 2002/58 and General Data Protection Regulation 2016/679.","PeriodicalId":384665,"journal":{"name":"Copyright in the Digital Single Market","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121509580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Origin, Objectives, and Content of the Directive","authors":"Eleonora Rosati","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198858591.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858591.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an overview of the overall EU copyright harmonization project and explains the history of the 2019 EU Directive on copyright in the Digital Single Market (Directive 2019/790) and the place that it has within the broader EU copyright architecture. It recounts the copyright reform in Europe, which has been based on the harmonization at the EU level and modernization at the EU national level. It also stresses that EU harmonization has been prompted by internal market concerns and concerns regarding the overall competitiveness and appropriateness of the EU copyright regime. The chapter describes the field of copyright, wherein the process of Europeanization of national laws has resulted in their settlement to and convergence with EU law. It mentions the 1988 Green Paper by the Commission of the European Communities, which signaled the start of a more concrete discourse around copyright harmonization.","PeriodicalId":384665,"journal":{"name":"Copyright in the Digital Single Market","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122486140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Article 14—Works of Visual Art in the Public Domain","authors":"Eleonora Rosati","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198858591.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858591.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter highlights the works of visual art in the public domain stipulated in Article 14 of Directive 2019/790, copyright order in Europe. It discusses the term of protection of a work of visual art, which is not subject to copyright or related rights when deemed expired. It also reviews rapid technological developments that continue to transform the way works and other subject matter are created, produced, distributed, and exploited. The chapter cites the Commission Communication of 9 December 2015 entitled, which states that it is necessary to adapt and supplement the existing Union copyright framework, while keeping a high level of protection of copyright and related rights. It explains that cultural heritage institutions cover publicly accessible libraries and museums regardless of the type of works or other subject matter that they hold in their permanent collections.","PeriodicalId":384665,"journal":{"name":"Copyright in the Digital Single Market","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130422231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Article 12—Collective Licensing with an Extended Effect","authors":"Eleonora Rosati","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198858591.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858591.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter talks about collective licensing with an extended effect, which is outlined in Article 12 of Directive 2019/790 on copyright in Europe. It cites the task of Member States to ensure that the licensing mechanism is only applied within well-defined areas of use. It considers how authorisations from rightholders can be obtained on an individual basis, which is typically onerous and impractical to a degree that makes the required licensing transaction unlikely. The chapter points out how Article 12 does not affect the application of collective licensing mechanisms with an extended effect in accordance with other provisions of Union law. It looks at the requirement of Member State to inform about the scope of corresponding national provisions on the purposes and types of licences that may be introduced about the contact details of organisations issuing licences.","PeriodicalId":384665,"journal":{"name":"Copyright in the Digital Single Market","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130946736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Article 21—Alternative Dispute Resolution Procedure","authors":"Eleonora Rosati","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198858591.003.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858591.003.0022","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter deals with the alternative dispute resolution procedure outlined in Article 21 of the copyright order in Europe, Directive 2019/790. It examines disputes concerning the transparency obligation and the contract adjustment mechanism that may be applied for a voluntary, alternative dispute resolution procedure. It also refers to Member States that are required to ensure that representative organisations of authors and performers may initiate dispute resolution procedures at the specific request of one or more authors or performers. The chapter explains why authors and performers are often reluctant to enforce their rights against their contractual partners before a court or tribunal. It looks at the task of Member States to provide for an alternative dispute resolution procedure that addresses claims by authors and performers, or by their representatives on their behalf, related to obligations of transparency and the contract adjustment mechanism.","PeriodicalId":384665,"journal":{"name":"Copyright in the Digital Single Market","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116712449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Article 19—Transparency Obligation","authors":"Eleonora Rosati","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198858591.003.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858591.003.0020","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter introduces Article 19 of Directive 2019/790, which includes the European order on copyright in relation to the transparency obligation. It provides assurance for authors and performers to receive on a regular basis all revenues generated and remuneration for the exploitation of their works and performances from the parties to whom they have licensed or transferred their rights. It also looks at the privilege of authors and performers or their representatives to request and receive additional information from sub-licensees in the event that their first contractual counterpart does not hold all the information. The chapter emphasizes that any request to sub-licensees must be made directly or indirectly through the contractual counterpart of the author or the performer. It talks about the option of Member States to declare that the obligation agreed upon will not apply when the contribution of the author or performer is not significant to the overall work or performance.","PeriodicalId":384665,"journal":{"name":"Copyright in the Digital Single Market","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130533199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}