Agronomia Colombiana最新文献

{"title":"Abundance and flight activity of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in a female chrysanthemum crop for seeding, Colombia","authors":"Andrés Felipe Silva-Castaño, H. Brochero","doi":"10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.95978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.95978","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial flower crops in Colombia are largely grown within plastic greenhouses in the Sabana de Bogotá (Bogota Plateau). This study examined the abundance and flight activity of thrips in a chrysanthemum crop, estimated from plant samples, commercial yellow sticky traps, and non-commercial (self-crafted) yellow sticky tape traps installed in the crop. Frankliniella occidentalis was the dominant species present associated with all plant phenological stages. Abundance of larvae and adults was not evenly distributed throughout the greenhouse. An absolute method of plant sampling found 2.5 times more thrips larvae than the relative method of sampling plants by beating. For non-commercial traps, there was no difference in the number of thrips at different trap heights; however, traps facing the south-west caught significantly more thrips than traps facing north-west, north-east, and south-east. A moderate positive correlation was found between the number of thrips sampled on plants and the spatial location of the commercial sticky traps. The results found here provide a basis to design and standardize direct sampling methods for thrips on plants and indirect sampling using yellow sticky traps for monitoring and managing thrips in ornamental crops under plastic covers in Colombia.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46416437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumer profile and factors determining the purchase of agroecological products. A case study: UNIMINUTO Agroecological Fair and Minuto de Dios Solidarity Market, Colombia","authors":"A. Chaparro-Africano, Juan Diego Garzón-Méndez","doi":"10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.89013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.89013","url":null,"abstract":"This research sought to characterize consumers and consumption in the UNIMINUTO Agroecological Fair and the Minuto de Dios Solidarity Market, which both have a low number of consumers and sales. A survey was designed and implemented through a Google form and in person, between September and October 2019. The total sample was 146 consumers (90% reliability, 5% error). The results were analyzed through descriptive statistics and comparison with other studies. The consumer’s profile is mostly university students of natural sciences, young adults of low and low-middle income strata from small households, and women; the age, gender, and educational level are common features with similar studies. The consumer lacks knowledge about the products, the participatory certification, and pricing, which can be remedied through consumer education. The supply and quality of agroecological products must also be improved.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42013925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of volcanic rock dust and Fe-EDTA on the root nodule bacteria and the growth and yield of broad bean plants","authors":"Omar Abdulmawjood Abdulqader, Muthanna Abdulbasit Ali, Moyassar Mohammed Aziz","doi":"10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.92541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.92541","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted during the 2018 season at the research station of the College of Agriculture and Forestry (University of Mosul, Iraq) to investigate the effect of volcanic rock dust (VRD) (0, 125, 250 g m-2) and the fertilizer chelated Iron Fe-EDTA (0, 100, 200 mg L-1) on the bacteria Rhizobium fabae, and the growth and yield of two broad bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties, Histal and Aquadulce. A randomized complete block design was used with three replicates and least significant difference (LSD) to compare means at a significance level of 0.05. Results showed that VRD 250 g m-2 obtained the highest significant mean for the following traits: leaf area index (LAI), number of branches per plant, leaf contents of chlorophyll and total iron, number of effective bacteria nodules per plant, 100-seed weight, plant yield, and percentage of protein in the seeds. On the other hand, 200 mg L-1 Fe-EDTA obtained the highest significant mean of all the traits for both varieties, except for LAI and number of branches per plant. The application of Fe-EDTA per plant had no significant effect on the leaf content of chlorophyll for both varieties and the percentage of protein in the seeds for variety Aquadulce. The interaction of VRD 250 g m-2 with 200 mg L-1 Fe-EDTA achieved the highest significant average for all the traits, except for plant height.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48620961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agro-morphological characterization of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener) reveals elite genotypes for a breeding program in Colombia","authors":"J. Ocampo, Viviana Marín, R. Urrea","doi":"10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.91622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.91622","url":null,"abstract":"Yellow passion fruit cultivation in Colombia lacks detailed genetic studies that allow the establishment of intraspecific variability as a basis for a breeding program. The aim of this research was to establish the genetic relationships among accessions of different geographic origins through an agro-morphological characterization. This research was carried out in the municipality of Palestina (Caldas) at the Luker farm located at 1050 m a.s.l. Fifty-two accessions from Colombia (47), Ecuador (3), Brazil (1), and Costa Rica (1) were characterized with 45 agro-morphological descriptors complemented with phytosanitary evaluations. The quantitative descriptors (25) were analyzed by variance decomposition and principal components (PCA), and the qualitative descriptors (18) were analyzed with the multiple correspondence factor analysis (MCFA). The classification analysis by the neighbor-joining (NJ) method was used for both types of descriptors. PCA results showed six components explaining 71.6% of the total variance that are mainly associated with descriptors related to the size of the flower (tube, nectar camera, and operculum) and weight of the fruit (pulp, shell, and juice content). Thirteen qualitative descriptors were selected, and four factors (44.38% inertia) were identified, mainly associated with pubescence and anthocyanins in the bract, petiole, leaf, and ripe fruit color. The NJ classification analysis showed no relationship between accessions by geographic origin, and the distance between individuals of the same accession was higher than among accessions for both types of descriptors. Thrips (Neohydatothrips signifier) and scab (Cladosporium cladosporioides) were the pests with the highest incidence in the accessions. Six elite accessions were identified according to the selection index with outstanding fruit quality characteristics, yield, and tolerance to phytosanitary problems. The high intra-accession variability and traits of certain accessions are the basis for future breeding programs to obtain more productive and tolerant cultivars.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44827348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A basic scheme of soybean transformation for glyphosate tolerance using Agrobacterium tumefaciens through an approximation of patents: a review","authors":"A. C. Rojas Arias, Alejandro Chaparro-Giraldo (R. I. P.), S. López-Pazos","doi":"10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.92644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N2.92644","url":null,"abstract":"Concern has been expressed on the control of agricultural biotechnology through patents that may adversely affect the development of competing crops. Soybean is one of the most important crops around the world (~287 million t per year), above potatoes (45 million t per year), tomatoes (23 million t per year), or wheat (116 million t per year), with prices for American producers ranging between USD 278.8 and USD 650.3 t-1. Soybean belongs to the Fabaceae family and has been genetically modified (GM) to improve its tolerance to herbicides, including glyphosate, its resistance to insect pests, and the quality of soy oil. Glyphosate-tolerant soybean has received a gene coding for the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). There are a number of variables that contribute to the development of a GM soybean event. Such variables include tissue culture, selection methods, cloning vectors, and Agrobacterium strains that affect transformation efficiency and can be associated with patents. Chlorine gas disinfection is the most appropriate technique for plant material. Production of explants with shoots and molecular and phenotypic features (e.g., antibiotic susceptibility) of bacterial strain must be assessed. A long-term glyphosate selection arrangement is the most suitable and a consistent approach for the selection of events of GM soybean with tolerance to glyphosate. Freedom-to-operate evaluation must be carried out to find the specific elements neccesary for GM plant development that do not infringe the rights of third parties. These rights come into effect from the patent application date for a definite geographical region involving construct design and its synthesis, transformation vector, bacterial strain, methods, or reporter gene. In this review, the protocols relating to experiments for the development of GM soybean using an epsps gene are included, and considerations relating to intellectual property rights are involved. The major elements associated with each stage of the development of patents are described including the following: the soybean genotype, seed disinfection, genetic construct design and its synthesis, tissue culture protocols, selection strategy without gene reporter, and Agrobacterium strain. This review is a guide for carrying out technical procedures when the desired product is the off-patent GM soybean with tolerance to glyphosate.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49054422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Fertility Management Practices For Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Production in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"B. Abebe, N. Dechassa, T. Tana, F. Laekemariam, Y. Alemayehu","doi":"10.20944/PREPRINTS202103.0076.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/PREPRINTS202103.0076.V1","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the soil fertility management practices is indispensable to improve faba bean productivity. However, little effort has been made to assess the soil fertility management practices of faba bean producing farmers of Wolaita Zone, southern Ethiopia. The study was conducted in Damot Gale and Sodo Zuria districts in Wolaita Zone to assess farmers’ soil fertility management practices for faba bean production, in 2019 on 310 framers. Faba bean productivity in the studied districts is majorly constrained by the scarcity of arable land, poor soil fertility, and soil acidity. These cumulative effects have caused negative consequences on soil fertility and faba bean productivity. In most soil fertility, management practices in faba bean farm did not significantly vary among the studied districts. The soil management practices by farmers were inadequate to improve soil fertility and to enhance faba bean productivity. Consequently, the average grain productions of both fertilized and unfertilized faba bean farm were far less than the national average. Therefore, intensive soil fertility management interventions such as faba bean residue management, crop rotation, application of sufficient and balanced fertilizers, adequate lime application, screening acidity tolerant varieties are required to improve faba bean productivity. in the studied districts.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46124613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-sowing application of combinations of burndown and pre-emergent herbicides for Conyza spp. control in soybean","authors":"A. Albrecht, L. Albrecht, Samuel Alves, A. F. M. Silva, Weslei de Oliveira Silva, J. B. Lorenzetti, M. T. Y. Danilussi, A. Barroso","doi":"10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N1.89545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N1.89545","url":null,"abstract":"Together, Conyza bonariensis, C. canadensis and C. sumatrensis show 105 reported cases of biotypes resistant to herbicides like glyphosate, paraquat, and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. The application of pre-emergent herbicides combined with burndown herbicides is believed to be effective in controlling Conyza spp. during soybean pre-sowing management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of sulfentrazone/diuron, imazethapyr/flumioxazin, and diclosulam in mixtures with diquat, paraquat, or glufosinate on the control of Conyza spp. Two field experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four replicates. Treatments consisted of the application of pre-emergent plus burndown herbicides, besides the weedy control treatment (without application), for a total of 10 treatments. The control of Conyza spp. was evaluated at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 d after herbicide application, and symptoms of injury in soybean plants were evaluated at 14, 21, 28, and 35 d after herbicide application. The herbicides sulfentrazone/diuron, imazethapyr/flumioxazin, and diclosulam in combination with burndown herbicides diquat, paraquat, or glufosinate were effective in controlling Conyza spp. in the pre-sowing management of soybean, highlighting good options for pre- and post-emergent herbicide rotations. Mixtures with diclosulam showed a higher potential for injury to soybean plants than sulfentrazone/diuron and imazethapyr/flumioxazin.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47741924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commercial substrates and nutrient concentrations in the production of arugula microgreens","authors":"Albertina Radtke Wieth, Wagner Dutra Pinheiro, Tatiana S. Duarte","doi":"10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N1.87290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N1.87290","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different substrates and concentrations of nutrient solutions in the production of arugula (Eruca sativa Miller) microgreens grown in a protected environment at the campus of the Faculty of Agronomy of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The treatments consisted of the combination of five commercial substrates, CSC® vermiculite (S1), Green-Up phenolic foam (S2), S10 Beifiur® organic (S3), Carolina Soil® seedlings (S4), and Carolina Soil® organic (S5) and three concentrations of nutrients in the nutrient solution (0, 50, and 100%). A 5x3 factorial arrangement was used, in a completely randomized experimental design with three replicates. The addition of nutrients in the irrigation solution favored substrates S1, S4, and S5. Substrate S2 showed better performance with the addition of 50% of the total concentration of nutrients. Substrate S3 without the addition of the nutrient solution showed average values very close to the use of the nutrient solution, which can be considered in the evaluation of production costs of microgreens, generating savings to producers.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44883906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a friction-reducing additive on the drip irrigation uniformity with sugarcane vinasse","authors":"Lucas Grogenski Meloca, A. Justi","doi":"10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N1.91111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N1.91111","url":null,"abstract":"Fertigation using vinasse, a high nutrient residue, is a viable form of complementary soil nutrition. However, it represents a dangerous risk of contamination if not properly disposed of. The objective of this study was to evaluate the irrigation and fertigation uniformity using vinasse in a drip irrigation system with and without the addition of polyacrylamide (friction-reducing polymer) applied at a concentration of 0.01 kg m-3 (10 mg L´-1). The tests consisted of collecting flow from 16 drippers in the system. Four were selected from each of the four lateral lines (first emitter, those located at 1/3 and 2/3 of the length, and the last one). Uniformity was obtained by the coefficient of distribution uniformity (CDU), Christiansen’s uniformity coefficient (CUC), the total coefficient of variation (CVt), and the statistical uniformity coefficient (SUC). The CUC values after the addition of the polymer were 2.33% and 2.1% higher for water and vinasse, respectively. For the CDU, the addition of the polymer resulted in values of 6.07% and 5.3% higher for water and vinasse, respectively, and the SUC resulted in values of 3.99% and 3.83% for water and vinasse, respectively. We concluded that vinasse showed a lower average uniformity compared to water. However, when the friction-reducing agent was added, an increase was observed in the average uniformity in the drip irrigation system.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44939527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of soybean plants using a substrate based on green coconut fiber","authors":"J. D. S. Silva, Jones de Oliveira Mendes, R. S. Costa, Analya Roberta Fernandes Oliveira, M. M. Braga, R. O. Mesquita","doi":"10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N1.91203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/AGRON.COLOMB.V39N1.91203","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 t ha-1) of green coconut fiber in growth substrate on the early development and physiology of two soybean cultivars (Pampeana 40RR and Pampeana 60RR). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using a completely randomized experimental design in a 2x6 factorial arrangement (two genotypes and six doses) with five replicates. Each replicate was made up of one plant, totaling 60 experimental units. Biometric variables (height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, and dry matter) and physiological variables (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal carbon, water use efficiency, and photosynthetic pigments) were evaluated. After obtaining the data 30 d after sowing, the means were subjected to an analysis of variance and, when significant for the F test, they were subjected to regression analysis and comparison of means by the Tukey's test. Through the regression analysis, the ideal minimum dose for each variable could be calculated. We observed an increase in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf dry mass, stem dry mass, and root dry mass of around 51.10%, 31.60%, 52.83 %, 61.78%, 79.65%, 81.52%, and 6.06%, respectively, when we compared the values of the minimum doses with the maximum points found in each variable. Regarding the gas exchange, cultivar 60 RR was superior to cultivar 40 RR. In conclusion, the green coconut fiber compound had a positive influence on the growth and physiology of the cultivars, with the best response being obtained at the dose of 30 t ha-1.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45623307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}