International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS)最新文献_第4页

Protecting Security-Critical Real-Time Systems against Fault Attacks in Many-Core Platforms 在多核平台中保护安全关键型实时系统免受故障攻击

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International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS) Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.1109/rtest56034.2022.9850010

Amin Norollah, Z. Kazemi, Danesh Derafshi, H. Beitollahi, M. Fazeli

{"title":"Protecting Security-Critical Real-Time Systems against Fault Attacks in Many-Core Platforms","authors":"Amin Norollah, Z. Kazemi, Danesh Derafshi, H. Beitollahi, M. Fazeli","doi":"10.1109/rtest56034.2022.9850010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtest56034.2022.9850010","url":null,"abstract":"Single-core platforms have been widely used for Many security-critical real-time systems. However, the ever-increasing high-performance requirements demanded by various industries and the advent of serious bottlenecks again increasing the performance of single-core platforms have necessitated the employment of many-core platforms in the design of such systems. This design shift from single to many-core platforms has been accompanied by security issues and has produced emerging security challenges. Fault injection attacks are one of the primary attacks that are used to infiltrate the tasks to reduce the system performance or cause system failures. In this paper, an online security-aware real-time hardware scheduler is proposed and used to avoid fault attacks using the task replication method. In the proposed real-time system, critical tasks and their replicas are scheduled with Least Slack Time first (LST) algorithm independently in the hardware under real-time constraints. Our synthesis and simulation results using Xilinx Vivado 2018.2 indicates that the proposed scheduler guarantees that all critical tasks and their replicas meet their deadlines. The results also show that our scheduler reduces the chance of a successful Fault attack and loss of the final result in critical tasks.","PeriodicalId":38446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS)","volume":"115 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79604041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Frequency Regulation of Multi Area Hybrid Source Power System with Energy Storage Devices 带储能装置的多区域混合电源系统的频率调节

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International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS) Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.1109/rtest56034.2022.9850101

Ch. Naga Sai Kalyan, M. Kumar, B. S. Goud, Hossein Shahinzadeh, Ch. Rami Reddy, M. Kiran Kumar

引用次数: 2

A Combination of FMEA and Digital Twinning for Rapid, Accurate, and Online Diagnosis in Vehicles Using COTS Embedded Computing Devices 基于COTS嵌入式计算设备的车辆快速、准确和在线诊断的FMEA和数字孪生的结合

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International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS) Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.1109/rtest56034.2022.9849859

Mohammad Amin Moloudi, Amin Foshati, Hossein Kalantari, A. Ejlali

{"title":"A Combination of FMEA and Digital Twinning for Rapid, Accurate, and Online Diagnosis in Vehicles Using COTS Embedded Computing Devices","authors":"Mohammad Amin Moloudi, Amin Foshati, Hossein Kalantari, A. Ejlali","doi":"10.1109/rtest56034.2022.9849859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtest56034.2022.9849859","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicles are getting more and more complicated while at the same time they are safety-critical systems which mean their failures can lead to catastrophic consequences. This implies that more sophisticated diagnostic techniques are required for vehicles that also cannot be expensive as they must be widely available to serve the general public’s safety. To this end, this paper shows how a process called Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and a technology called Digital Twinning (DT) can be combined in a novel way to provide an inexpensive and yet effective online diagnosis for vehicles. The approach can be implemented by Commercial-Of-The-Shelf (COTS) embedded computing devices which explains why it is not expensive. It is also online, which means it is active and operational while the vehicle is in operation and motion. In order to quantitatively evaluate vehicle diagnostic approaches, this paper provides definitions for two metrics that measure the impact of the diagnosis on the ease of repair process. As an experimental case study, the proposed approach was implemented for an Electronic Throttle Control (ETC) usually used in modern vehicles. The observations indicate that the proposed approach can improve the accuracy of diagnosis above two times compared with a classic Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) technique. It must be emphasized that such accuracy is achieved along with online and real-time operation and low-cost implementation.","PeriodicalId":38446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS)","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81023940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Conflict Resolution and Fluidization in Cyber-Physical Systems 信息物理系统中的冲突解决和流化

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International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS) Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.1109/rtest56034.2022.9849884

Hassan Motallebi

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Fog Offloading on the Energy Consumption of Computational Nodes 雾卸载对计算节点能耗的影响

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International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS) Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.1109/rtest56034.2022.9850011

Ferdous Sharifi, S. Hessabi, Ali Rasaii

引用次数: 1

Energy- and Reliability-Aware Task Replication in Safety-Critical Embedded Systems 安全关键型嵌入式系统中的能量和可靠性感知任务复制

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International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS) Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.1109/rtest56034.2022.9850176

Farimah Poursafaei, Sepideh Safari, Mohsen Ansari, Amir Yeganeh-Khaksar, M. Salehi, A. Ejlali

{"title":"Energy- and Reliability-Aware Task Replication in Safety-Critical Embedded Systems","authors":"Farimah Poursafaei, Sepideh Safari, Mohsen Ansari, Amir Yeganeh-Khaksar, M. Salehi, A. Ejlali","doi":"10.1109/rtest56034.2022.9850176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtest56034.2022.9850176","url":null,"abstract":"Safety-critical systems should satisfy a required level of reliability. To meet a desired reliability target, task replication can be realized with exploiting multicore platforms. However, inattentive task replication might lead to significant power, energy, and time overhead. In this paper, we demonstrate that when we use task replication technique, the required number of replicas for each task and the energy consumption of the system are significantly dependent on the accuracy of the fault detection. At design time, we propose a method that determines the level of replication along with the voltage and frequency setting for each task to satisfy a desired reliability target such that the energy consumption is minimized. At run time, the proposed method controls cancelling the task replicas in the fault-free scenarios. The proposed method can be applied on both dynamic- and static-priority applications. We evaluated the effectiveness of our method through extensive simulations. The evaluation results show that our proposed method provides up to 43.5% (on average 26.2%) energy saving without reliability degradation.","PeriodicalId":38446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS)","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85980224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Model for Power-Performance Optimization in Fog-Cloud Environment by Task Off-Loading of IoT Applications 雾云环境下物联网应用任务卸载的功耗性能优化模型

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International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS) Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.1109/rtest56034.2022.9849916

Rojin Naseri, A. Asadi, Mohammad Abdollahi Azgomi

引用次数: 0

Software-based Control-Flow Error Detection with Hardware Performance Counters in ARM Processors ARM处理器中基于软件的控制流错误检测与硬件性能计数器

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International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS) Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.1109/rtest56034.2022.9850096

Hussien Al-haj Ahmad, Yasser Sedaghat

{"title":"Software-based Control-Flow Error Detection with Hardware Performance Counters in ARM Processors","authors":"Hussien Al-haj Ahmad, Yasser Sedaghat","doi":"10.1109/rtest56034.2022.9850096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtest56034.2022.9850096","url":null,"abstract":"The recent trend in processor manufacturing technologies has significantly increased the susceptibility of safety-critical systems against soft errors in harsh environments. Such errors result in control-flow errors (CFEs) that can disturb systems' execution and cause severe financial, human, or environmental disasters. Therefore, there is a severe need for efficient techniques to detect CFEs and keep the systems fault-tolerant. Although numerous control-flow error detection techniques have been proposed, they impose considerable overheads, making them inappropriate for today's safety-critical systems with restricted resources. Several techniques attempt to insert fewer control-flow checking instructions to reduce overheads. However, they limit fault coverage. This paper proposes a software-based technique for ARM processors to detect CFEs. The technique leverages the Hardware Performance Counters (HPCs), which exist in most modern processors, to count micro-architecture events and generate HPC-based signatures. Based on these signatures that capture the correct control flow of the program, the proposed technique can detect CFEs once the correct control flow is violated. We evaluate the detection capability of the proposed technique by performing many fault injection experiments applied on different benchmark programs. Moreover, we compare the proposed technique with common signature-based CFE detection techniques with respect to fault coverage and imposed overheads. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique on average can achieve ~99% fault coverage which is 23.57% higher than that offered by the employed signature-based techniques. Moreover, the memory overhead imposed by the proposed technique is 4.85% lower, and the performance overhead is ~19% lower than that of the studied signature-based techniques.","PeriodicalId":38446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS)","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86613395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Coverage and Energy Efficiency Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks for Internet of Things 面向物联网的无线传感器网络覆盖及能效分析

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International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS) Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.1109/rtest56034.2022.9850158

Amirhosein Imani, M. Eslami, J. Haghighat

{"title":"Coverage and Energy Efficiency Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks for Internet of Things","authors":"Amirhosein Imani, M. Eslami, J. Haghighat","doi":"10.1109/rtest56034.2022.9850158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/rtest56034.2022.9850158","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted a lot of attention in recent years because they have a vital role in Internet of Things (IoT). In WSNs, it is often very important to maintain the desired amount of coverage with the least energy consumption. In this paper, the coverage and energy efficiency of randomly deployed wireless sensor networks are investigated. We use stochastic geometry to analyze the probability of coverage considering fading and random location of the nodes. Furthermore, It is shown that the probability of coverage without fading is a special case of the probability of coverage with fading. In addition, we define and analyze energy efficiency as the ratio of coverage to average energy consumption. This is a new definition of energy efficiency that seeks to determine the coverage level acquired per unit energy consumption. The simulation results in terms of coverage and energy efficiency are presented for randomly located nodes with and without fading. For maximum energy efficiency, the optimal sensing radius of the sensors are determined with the help of simulation results.","PeriodicalId":38446,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS)","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83420754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RTEST 2022 Cover Page RTEST 2022封面

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International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems (IJERTCS) Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.1109/rtest56034.2022.9849993

引用次数: 0