Leukemia Research Reports最新文献

{"title":"T-cell receptor anti-CMV CDR3s from bone marrow samples are associated with a worse overall survival for recurrent acute myeloid leukemia","authors":"Srijit Paul ,&nbsp;Michael T. Aboujaoude ,&nbsp;Vayda R. Barker ,&nbsp;Tabitha R. Hudock ,&nbsp;Arpan Sahoo ,&nbsp;George Blanck","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We assessed the relationship of AML patient outcomes and T-cell receptor (TCR) recombination reads representing known anti-viral TCR sequences. TCR complementary determining region-3′s (CDR3s) were obtained from the pediatric TARGET-AML dataset, and the TCR CDR3s representing bone marrow samples of primary and recurrent disease were matched to anti-viral TCR CDR3s. The patients representing the presence of the anti-viral CDR3s were then assessed for overall survival (OS). Patients with anti-CMV TCR CDR3s from bone marrow samples representing recurrent AML showed a significant decrease in OS probability. Decreases in OS probabilities were also observed for patients with anti-Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) TCR CDR3s obtained from recurrent AML, bone marrow samples. Overall, this study raises the question of whether there is a relationship between viral infections, or the basic impact of anti-viral inflammation, and outcomes in pediatric AML?</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147537544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report of multifocal gastrointestinal myeloid sarcoma without leukemic involvement: an unusual presentation posing a diagnostic challenge","authors":"Engy S. Alhariry ,&nbsp;Abdulkarim Hasan ,&nbsp;Nageh R. Abd-Elhameed ,&nbsp;Sherif Azzam ,&nbsp;Eslam Mohamed Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Ahmed Mohamed Fouad ,&nbsp;Razan Abed Baloush ,&nbsp;Ahmed Abdulwahab Bawahab ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Nagmeldin Hassan ,&nbsp;Mariam M Hussein","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Myeloid sarcoma is a rare hematologic malignancy defined by the extramedullary proliferation of myeloid blasts. It may occur without concurrent acute myeloid leukemia, creating a significant diagnostic challenge, particularly when it involves uncommon sites such as the gastrointestinal tract. We report the case of a 43-year-old woman with no relevant comorbidities who presented with a two-year history of epigastric pain and heartburn, later complicated by hematemesis. Imaging revealed a large gastric mass with associated hepatic focal lesions, initially raising suspicion for gastric adenocarcinoma with hepatic metastases. Histopathologic examination of the gastric biopsy showed malignant round cells consistent with a hematolymphoid neoplasm, and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma, with strong positivity for CD43 and myeloperoxidase and diffuse expression of CD56 and BCL2. Peripheral blood smear, complete blood count, and bone marrow aspirate showed no overt leukemic involvement. A biopsy from one of the hepatic lesions demonstrated similar histopathologic and immunohistochemical features, confirming multifocal disease. The patient was treated with standard induction chemotherapy using the “7 + 3″ regimen consisting of cytarabine and daunorubicin. During treatment, she developed fever, jaundice, and profound pancytopenia, and on day 12 she suffered sudden cardiorespiratory arrest and died. This case underscores the diagnostic complexity of gastrointestinal myeloid sarcoma, highlights the importance of immunohistochemistry in distinguishing it from other malignancies, and emphasizes the aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis that may occur even in non-leukemic presentations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147709402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: A single centre Indian experience","authors":"Paramasivam Sabitha ,&nbsp;Aastha Goel ,&nbsp;Santhosh Kumar ,&nbsp;Chethan R ,&nbsp;Sanal Fernandes ,&nbsp;Nitin Jain ,&nbsp;Naveen Pemmaraju ,&nbsp;Atul Sharma ,&nbsp;Ranjit Kumar Sahoo","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2025.100560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2025.100560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>BPDCN is an uncommon haematological malignancy recognised as a distinct entity by the WHO in 2016. It typically presents with skin lesions and involves bone marrow, lymph nodes, and CNS, affecting all age groups. The disease poses significant diagnostic challenges, with limited data on optimal treatment strategies, further contributing to its dismal prognosis. Standard regimens include ALL-like or AML-like therapies, particularly in older adults. We outline our experiences managing three consecutive BPDCN patients, emphasising the unique challenges oncologists face when treating this malignancy. This underscores scarcity of effective therapies, limited expertise, and intricacies involved in managing such a complex disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147522402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of RAS mutations in leukemia progression, differentiation, and drug resistance","authors":"Congfa Jiang ,&nbsp;Hangxuan Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuwei Xu ,&nbsp;Shiwei Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mutations in the RAS gene family (NRAS, KRAS) are critical drivers of late-stage acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression. They are frequently detected in relapsed/refractory AML and AML transformed from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Occurring as late-stage genetic events, RAS mutations synergize with early drivers to promote leukemogenesis. While mutually exclusive with FLT3-ITD mutations, they coexist with KIT, RUNX1, CEBPA mutations and MLL rearrangements. Granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs) serve as the cellular origin for RAS-mutant leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Ultimately, RAS mutations drive monocytic differentiation of LSCs and venetoclax (VEN) resistance through BCL-2 family rewiring. Beyond AML, they are hallmark genetic lesions in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) and present in 15%-20% of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases. Here, we propose a comprehensive pathogenic model and targeted therapeutic framework focusing on RAS, MCL-1, BCL2L1 to overcome drug resistance and improve patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and etiological profile of anemia in a clinical hematology department of North Africa : A cross-sectional study","authors":"Wiem Boufrikha ,&nbsp;Sirine Ben Salem ,&nbsp;Nourhene Mazhoud ,&nbsp;Arwa Guedich ,&nbsp;Nader Slama ,&nbsp;Sarra Boukhris ,&nbsp;Mohamed Adnene Lattiri","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anemia, a major public health concern impacting physical performance and morbidity, requires etiological assessment as iron deficiency anemia (IDA, 55.7%) may mask hematologic malignancies. This 2022 cross-sectional study at Monastir's Hematology Department included 296 patients (mean age 47 years, female predominance). Anemic syndrome prompted 68% of consultations, with fatigue/dizziness predominant. Mean hemoglobin (Hb) was 7.9 g/dL; severe anemia (Hb &lt;8 g/dL) affected 49.7%. Isolated anemia prevailed (67.6%) over pancytopenia (11.4%). Leading etiologies were IDA (55.7%, mostly idiopathic), megaloblastic anemia (13%, mainly B12 deficiency), Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS, 11%), multiple myeloma (MM, 5.7%), and acute leukemia (AL, 3.7%). Other causes included renal failure, hypothyroidism, and drug toxicity. The heterogeneous etiological profile underscores the need for systematic, comprehensive diagnostic approaches to identify both benign and malignant causes for optimal management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100571"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Catch-Up Vaccinations Post-Stem Cell Transplant: A case series and review of the literature”","authors":"Rehab Mohammed Gaafar ,&nbsp;Afnan Mohsen Alamodi","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stem cell transplantation (SCT), including autologous and allogeneic approaches, is a potentially curative therapy for various hematologic malignancies and selected non-malignant disorders. Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is an established curative treatment for hematologic malignancies, including Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL), and Multiple Myeloma (MM), but infectious complications remain a major challenge. Vaccination is an essential strategy to reduce the risk of vaccine-preventable infections following transplant. This case series describes immunocompromised patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies who underwent ASCT and were referred for post-transplant immunization. We present a catch-up and COVID-19 vaccination schedule using minimum recommended intervals, with emphasis on immunocompromised hosts and post-ASCT maintenance therapies. Post-ASCT maintenance therapies such as rituximab may impair humoral responses and reduce vaccine immunogenicity; however, current guidelines support prioritized use of inactivated vaccines, including pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV-13) followed by Pneumococcal Polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV-23) and annual inactivated influenza vaccination. Vaccination timing should consider B-cell–depleting therapies to optimize immune response, while live attenuated vaccines remain contraindicated during ongoing immunosuppression. Vaccines were well tolerated, with only mild injection-site reactions reported.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100575"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147656360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed fatal neurotoxicity in post CAR-T cell therapy for multiple myeloma, a case report","authors":"Hamza Khoudari ,&nbsp;Abdalla Shoaib ,&nbsp;Muhammad Nashatizadeh ,&nbsp;Nausheen Ahmed ,&nbsp;Forat Lutfi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Mushtaq ,&nbsp;Leyla Shune ,&nbsp;Anurag Singh ,&nbsp;Sunil Abhyankar ,&nbsp;Joseph McGuirk ,&nbsp;Haitham Abdelhakim","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anti-BCMA CAR T-cell therapy, specifically ciltacabtagene autoleucel, has significantly improved outcomes for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). While early-onset immune-effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) is a recognized complication, delayed-onset and non-ICANS neurological syndromes, such as movement and neurocognitive toxicity (MNT), present unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.</div><div>We report a case of a 61-year-old female with a 15-year history of RRMM who developed severe, delayed neurotoxicity 50 days after ciltacabtagene autoleucel infusion. The clinical course began with confusion and rapidly progressed to grade 4 ICANS characterized by lethargy, rigidity, and parkinsonian features. Serial MRI imaging revealed evolving, symmetric T2/FLAIR hyperintensities in the basal ganglia and brainstem, and reactive pachymeningitis. Despite aggressive multi modal immunosuppression, the patient’s condition remained refractory and expired on day 93. Post-mortem autopsy confirmed severe bilateral hippocampal sclerosis, diffuse gliosis, and microglial infiltration.</div><div>This case highlights a fatal presentation of delayed neurotoxicity that overlaps with the emerging MNT phenotype. As CAR-T therapies expand, this case underscores the necessity for prolonged clinical vigilance and the urgent need for novel management strategies for refractory, late-onset neurotoxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic, asymptomatic skeletal muscle infiltration by MALT lymphoma: Defining a 'silent infiltrator' phenotype with 18F-FDG PET/CT","authors":"Yasuyuki Takahashi ,&nbsp;Ken Naganuma ,&nbsp;Yuka Tanaka ,&nbsp;Noriyuki Sakata ,&nbsp;Taisuke Kawada ,&nbsp;Masahiro Kizaki ,&nbsp;Shuji Momose ,&nbsp;Morihiro Higashi ,&nbsp;Takayuki Tabayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report a rare phenotype of Stage IV extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MALT lymphoma) manifesting as diffuse, asymptomatic skeletal muscle and bone marrow infiltration in a 60-year-old female. Despite a high tumor burden and intense ¹⁸F-FDG avidity (SUVmax 8.8), muscle enzymes remained normal, indicating a non-destructive \"silent infiltrator\" growth pattern. The diagnosis was confirmed via biopsy (CD20+, CD5-, CyclinD1-) and negative MYD88 L265P mutation status, excluding lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. The patient achieved a Complete Metabolic Response following Bendamustine-Rituximab therapy. This case underscores the utility of PET/CT in detecting occult systemic disease and defines a unique, indolent clinical variant of muscular MALT lymphoma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100573"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147378987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric AML in Sousse, Tunisia: Epidemiologic patterns and hierarchical prognostic factors","authors":"Donia Bouhoula,&nbsp;Haifa Regaieg,&nbsp;Hela Abroug,&nbsp;Nesrine Ben Sayed,&nbsp;Yossra Ben Youssef","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2025.100556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2025.100556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia outcomes in resource-limited regions remain understudied, particularly regarding how regional epidemiologic patterns interact with prognostic determinants. Our Tunisian cohort (n=68) reveals distinct pediatric AML features: older presentation (median 11 years), male predominance (63%), and unexpected AML2 subtype prevalence (35%). Cytogenetics showed 24% favorable-risk and 22% adverse-risk cases. Treatment outcomes correlated strongly with risk stratification, emphasizing the need for adapted diagnostic protocols in resource-conscious settings to optimize care pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-analysis of clinical efficacy and safety of decitabine combined with CAG regimen in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in the elderly","authors":"Yanxia He,&nbsp;Lili Zhang,&nbsp;Mengmeng Liu,&nbsp;Fuhua Zhang,&nbsp;Hui Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2025.100559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2025.100559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of decitabine (DAC) combined with CAG regimen in the treatment of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) using meta-analysis</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The studies reported the clinical efficacy and safety of DAC combined with CAG regimen in the treatment of elderly AML patients were searched in Pubmed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and VIP database by computer. On the basis of the screening criteria, the non-conforming literature was eliminated and the final selected literature was analyzed. The methodological quality was assessed and the research data was extracted. Revman 5.3 software was used to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of DAC combined with CAG in the treatment of elderly AML patients, which were shown with forest map. The funnel plots were used to test publication bias.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen studies involving 1133 elderly AML patients were included. ‌Meta-analysis demonstrated that‌ in comparison with CAG alone group, the CR rate (<em>Z</em> = 5.50, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and total effective rate (<em>Z</em> = 8.71, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) of DAC combined with CAG group were higher, while there was no significant difference in PR rate between the two groups (<em>Z</em> = 1.59, <em>P</em> = 0.11). And the infection rate (<em>Z</em> = 3.56, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and fever rate (<em>Z</em> = 5.86, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) of DAC combined with CAG group were increased. There were no significant differences in the rates of hematological adverse reactions (<em>P</em> = 0.14), gastrointestinal reactions (<em>P</em> = 0.05), alopecia (<em>P</em> = 0.39), heart injury (<em>P</em> = 0.55), liver and kidney injury (<em>P</em> = 0.74) and myelosuppression (<em>P</em> = 0.82) between the two groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Compared with CAG alone regimen, DAC combined with CAG regimen improves clinical efficacy in elderly AML patients, but increases risks of infection and fever-related adverse events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100559"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}