Engy S. Alhariry , Abdulkarim Hasan , Nageh R. Abd-Elhameed , Sherif Azzam , Eslam Mohamed Ibrahim , Ahmed Mohamed Fouad , Razan Abed Baloush , Ahmed Abdulwahab Bawahab , Ibrahim Nagmeldin Hassan , Mariam M Hussein
{"title":"A case report of multifocal gastrointestinal myeloid sarcoma without leukemic involvement: an unusual presentation posing a diagnostic challenge","authors":"Engy S. Alhariry , Abdulkarim Hasan , Nageh R. Abd-Elhameed , Sherif Azzam , Eslam Mohamed Ibrahim , Ahmed Mohamed Fouad , Razan Abed Baloush , Ahmed Abdulwahab Bawahab , Ibrahim Nagmeldin Hassan , Mariam M Hussein","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Myeloid sarcoma is a rare hematologic malignancy defined by the extramedullary proliferation of myeloid blasts. It may occur without concurrent acute myeloid leukemia, creating a significant diagnostic challenge, particularly when it involves uncommon sites such as the gastrointestinal tract. We report the case of a 43-year-old woman with no relevant comorbidities who presented with a two-year history of epigastric pain and heartburn, later complicated by hematemesis. Imaging revealed a large gastric mass with associated hepatic focal lesions, initially raising suspicion for gastric adenocarcinoma with hepatic metastases. Histopathologic examination of the gastric biopsy showed malignant round cells consistent with a hematolymphoid neoplasm, and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma, with strong positivity for CD43 and myeloperoxidase and diffuse expression of CD56 and BCL2. Peripheral blood smear, complete blood count, and bone marrow aspirate showed no overt leukemic involvement. A biopsy from one of the hepatic lesions demonstrated similar histopathologic and immunohistochemical features, confirming multifocal disease. The patient was treated with standard induction chemotherapy using the “7 + 3″ regimen consisting of cytarabine and daunorubicin. During treatment, she developed fever, jaundice, and profound pancytopenia, and on day 12 she suffered sudden cardiorespiratory arrest and died. This case underscores the diagnostic complexity of gastrointestinal myeloid sarcoma, highlights the importance of immunohistochemistry in distinguishing it from other malignancies, and emphasizes the aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis that may occur even in non-leukemic presentations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147709402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Srijit Paul , Michael T. Aboujaoude , Vayda R. Barker , Tabitha R. Hudock , Arpan Sahoo , George Blanck
{"title":"T-cell receptor anti-CMV CDR3s from bone marrow samples are associated with a worse overall survival for recurrent acute myeloid leukemia","authors":"Srijit Paul , Michael T. Aboujaoude , Vayda R. Barker , Tabitha R. Hudock , Arpan Sahoo , George Blanck","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We assessed the relationship of AML patient outcomes and T-cell receptor (TCR) recombination reads representing known anti-viral TCR sequences. TCR complementary determining region-3′s (CDR3s) were obtained from the pediatric TARGET-AML dataset, and the TCR CDR3s representing bone marrow samples of primary and recurrent disease were matched to anti-viral TCR CDR3s. The patients representing the presence of the anti-viral CDR3s were then assessed for overall survival (OS). Patients with anti-CMV TCR CDR3s from bone marrow samples representing recurrent AML showed a significant decrease in OS probability. Decreases in OS probabilities were also observed for patients with anti-Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) TCR CDR3s obtained from recurrent AML, bone marrow samples. Overall, this study raises the question of whether there is a relationship between viral infections, or the basic impact of anti-viral inflammation, and outcomes in pediatric AML?</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147537544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morten Orebo Holmström, Shamaila Munir Ahmad, Uffe Klausen, Mads Emil Bjørn, Anne Ortved Gang, Tarec Christoffer El-Galaly, Lars Møller Pedersen, Mads Hald Andersen
{"title":"Unusually long remission in two patients with follicular lymphoma receiving immunomodulating therapeutic cancer vaccines","authors":"Morten Orebo Holmström, Shamaila Munir Ahmad, Uffe Klausen, Mads Emil Bjørn, Anne Ortved Gang, Tarec Christoffer El-Galaly, Lars Møller Pedersen, Mads Hald Andersen","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The immune checkpoints programmed death-ligand (PD-L)1 and PD-L2 are expressed in follicular lymphoma (FL), yet immune checkpoint blocking antibodies have failed in FL. We previously initiated a phase I immune modulating vaccination (IMV) trial targeting PD-L1 and PD-L2 in patients with advanced follicular lymphoma. The study suggested a clinical effect of the vaccine, however due to relatively short follow-up time and a heterogeneous patient population no clear conclusions could be made after the trial. In this study we present follow-up data on the eight patients included in the trial. Notably, two patients displayed an unusual disease history after completion of the vaccination trial. One patient had experienced two relapses at two years after diagnosis, then received vaccines after third line therapy and subsequently remained treatment-free for five years after vaccinations. The other patient who entered the vaccine trial after third line therapy remains in complete response at 6.5 years after the vaccination trial. Longitudinal immune monitoring in these two patients demonstrated persistent, functionally active vaccine-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cell responses years after vaccine completion. These results suggest a disease modifying effect of targeting PD-L1 and PD-L2 by IMV in FL. Trial registration number: NCT03381768. Date of registration: December 22, 2017.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100604"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148940693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acute monocytic leukemia with t(8;22)(p11;q11)/BCR::FGFR1, trisomy 8, and concurrent RUNX1/STAG2 mutations: A rare case report and literature review","authors":"Surya Prakash Rao Kunda, Sambasivarao Patibandla, Rajesh Mallik Gottipati, Sachin Johari, Mukkanteswararao Kasaragadda, Kiran KG, Shalini Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Myeloid neoplasms harboring t(8;22)(p11;q11)/BCR::FGFR1 rearrangement are exceptionally rare and are typically associated with aggressive clinical behavior. The coexistence of trisomy 8 with concurrent RUNX1 and STAG2 mutations in this cytogenetic context has not been systematically described.</div></div><div><h3>Case Presentation</h3><div>We report a 71-year-old female who presented with fever, dysuria, cough, shortness of breath, and melaena. Initial laboratory evaluation revealed anemia, leukocytosis, and severe thrombocytopenia, with approximately 60% peripheral circulating blasts. Bone marrow examination demonstrated 78% blasts with monocytic morphology. Flow cytometry identified an abnormal blast population (∼87% of viable events) expressing CD33 and CD64 with variable CD13, CD38, HLA-DR, CD11c, and CD15, and a small subset positive for cytoplasmic myeloperoxidase, consistent with acute monocytic leukemia. Conventional cytogenetics revealed 47,XX,+8,t(8;22)(p11;q11). Targeted next-generation sequencing detected a BCR::FGFR1 fusion along with a likely pathogenic RUNX1 missense mutation affecting the Runt homology domain and a loss-of-function STAG2 frameshift mutation. The patient was treated with azacitidine and venetoclax, achieving early hematologic response with clearance of circulating blasts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case highlights a rare presentation of acute monocytic leukemia with trisomy 8 and t(8;22)(p11;q11)/BCR::FGFR1 rearrangement harboring concurrent RUNX1 and STAG2 mutations. These findings expand the molecular spectrum of FGFR1-rearranged neoplasms and underscore the value of integrated cytogenetic and molecular diagnostics in defining uncommon AML presentations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100617"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149199163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of RAS mutations in leukemia progression, differentiation, and drug resistance","authors":"Congfa Jiang , Hangxuan Wang , Jiaxin Zhao , Yuwei Xu , Shiwei Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mutations in the RAS gene family (NRAS, KRAS) are critical drivers of late-stage acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression. They are frequently detected in relapsed/refractory AML and AML transformed from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Occurring as late-stage genetic events, RAS mutations synergize with early drivers to promote leukemogenesis. While mutually exclusive with FLT3-ITD mutations, they coexist with KIT, RUNX1, CEBPA mutations and MLL rearrangements. Granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs) serve as the cellular origin for RAS-mutant leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Ultimately, RAS mutations drive monocytic differentiation of LSCs and venetoclax (VEN) resistance through BCL-2 family rewiring. Beyond AML, they are hallmark genetic lesions in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) and present in 15%-20% of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases. Here, we propose a comprehensive pathogenic model and targeted therapeutic framework focusing on RAS, MCL-1, BCL2L1 to overcome drug resistance and improve patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cao Sy Luan , Nguyen Vu Hai Son , Phan Ngo Quang Thach , Cao Van Dong , Nguyen Quoc Dung , Trinh Thuy Duong , Phu Chi Dung , Hoang Anh Vu , Phan Thi Xinh
{"title":"Characteristics of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in vietnamese newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients","authors":"Cao Sy Luan , Nguyen Vu Hai Son , Phan Ngo Quang Thach , Cao Van Dong , Nguyen Quoc Dung , Trinh Thuy Duong , Phu Chi Dung , Hoang Anh Vu , Phan Thi Xinh","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The immunoglobulin (<em>IG</em>) gene rearrangements provide valuable markers in monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD) after treatment in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. <em>Methods:</em> We conducted an observational study from June 2019 to June 2023. Bone marrow samples from newly diagnosed MM patients at Blood Transfusion Hematology Hospital were collected and analyzed for <em>IG</em> gene rearrangements. Clonal <em>IG</em> gene rearrangement samples were analyzed for the repertoire of rearrangements.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>111 newly diagnosed MM patients were collected. Bone lesions and anemia were found in 100% and 77.5% of patients, respectively. According to rISS classification, 91.9% of patients were diagnosed at an advanced stage. Cytogenetic analysis showed that 28.8% of patients expressed at least one high-risk abnormality. The most common immunophenotype of malignant plasma cells was CD38<sup>+</sup>CD138<sup>+</sup>CD19<sup>–</sup>CD56<sup>+</sup>. Noteworthily, 104 patients (93.7%) expressed at least one clonal <em>IG</em> gene rearrangement, while 69.4% and 18.9% of patients expressed double and triple <em>IG</em> gene rearrangements, respectively. V<sub>H</sub>3 and V<sub>H</sub>4 were the two most frequent among V<sub>H</sub> segments, while D<sub>H</sub>3 and J<sub>H</sub>4 were the most common among D<sub>H</sub> and J<sub>H</sub> segments, and V<sub>K</sub>1 and J<sub>K</sub>4 were the most popular repertoires in <em>IGK</em> gene rearrangements. <em>KDE</em> rearrangements were detected in 42.5% patients, and V<sub>L</sub>1 and J<sub>L</sub>3 were the most common segments in <em>IGL</em> gene rearrangements. Notably, the rate of clonal <em>IGH</em> gene rearrangements was significantly different between heavy-chain and light-chain only MM groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is the first study in Vietnamese MM patients to comprehensively describe the characteristics of <em>IG</em> gene rearrangements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147995804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rong Wei, Shasha Zhao, Yan Wei, Chengcheng Yan, Qian Jiang
{"title":"TIF1/TRIM24::FGFR1-rearranged myeloid/lymphoid neoplasm with eosinophilia and tyrosine kinase gene fusion presenting as mixed-phenotype acute leukemia: a case report","authors":"Rong Wei, Shasha Zhao, Yan Wei, Chengcheng Yan, Qian Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and tyrosine kinase gene fusions are rare aggressive malignancies. FGFR1-rearranged cases are particularly high-risk. Among FGFR1 fusion partners, <em>TIF1/TRIM24::FGFR1</em> is exceptionally rare.</div><div>We report a 33-year-old woman presenting with fever, skin bruising, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and circulating blasts. Bone marrow and flow cytometry identified abnormal B-lymphoblasts, myeloid blasts, and monocytic populations, supporting a mixed-phenotype acute leukemia presentation. Cytogenetics detected t(8;7)(p11;q34) translocation. Whole-transcriptome sequencing identified a <em>TIF1/TRIM24::FGFR1</em> fusion transcript, confirmed by Sanger sequencing and FISH. RUNX1 missense mutation was also detected. The patient achieved complete remission after induction chemotherapy. However, after discontinuation of therapy and refusal of allo-HSCT, she relapsed rapidly with clonal evolution. A second remission was transient, and the patient died of cerebral hemorrhage.</div><div>This case highlights the aggressive biology of <em>TIF1/TRIM24::FGFR1</em>-rearranged MLN-TK, the limitation of conventional chemotherapy, and the potential value of fusion-specific monitoring. Early allo-HSCT should be considered once remission is achieved, and FGFR1-directed therapy may represent a potential option in selected patients. However, clinical evidence remains limited and further studies are required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100613"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13639597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149116059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: A single centre Indian experience","authors":"Paramasivam Sabitha , Aastha Goel , Santhosh Kumar , Chethan R , Sanal Fernandes , Nitin Jain , Naveen Pemmaraju , Atul Sharma , Ranjit Kumar Sahoo","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2025.100560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2025.100560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>BPDCN is an uncommon haematological malignancy recognised as a distinct entity by the WHO in 2016. It typically presents with skin lesions and involves bone marrow, lymph nodes, and CNS, affecting all age groups. The disease poses significant diagnostic challenges, with limited data on optimal treatment strategies, further contributing to its dismal prognosis. Standard regimens include ALL-like or AML-like therapies, particularly in older adults. We outline our experiences managing three consecutive BPDCN patients, emphasising the unique challenges oncologists face when treating this malignancy. This underscores scarcity of effective therapies, limited expertise, and intricacies involved in managing such a complex disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147522402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical and etiological profile of anemia in a clinical hematology department of North Africa : A cross-sectional study","authors":"Wiem Boufrikha , Sirine Ben Salem , Nourhene Mazhoud , Arwa Guedich , Nader Slama , Sarra Boukhris , Mohamed Adnene Lattiri","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anemia, a major public health concern impacting physical performance and morbidity, requires etiological assessment as iron deficiency anemia (IDA, 55.7%) may mask hematologic malignancies. This 2022 cross-sectional study at Monastir's Hematology Department included 296 patients (mean age 47 years, female predominance). Anemic syndrome prompted 68% of consultations, with fatigue/dizziness predominant. Mean hemoglobin (Hb) was 7.9 g/dL; severe anemia (Hb <8 g/dL) affected 49.7%. Isolated anemia prevailed (67.6%) over pancytopenia (11.4%). Leading etiologies were IDA (55.7%, mostly idiopathic), megaloblastic anemia (13%, mainly B12 deficiency), Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS, 11%), multiple myeloma (MM, 5.7%), and acute leukemia (AL, 3.7%). Other causes included renal failure, hypothyroidism, and drug toxicity. The heterogeneous etiological profile underscores the need for systematic, comprehensive diagnostic approaches to identify both benign and malignant causes for optimal management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100571"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wafa Chenbah, Mohamed Ben Abdelkrim, Manel Kasdallah, Nadia Sassi, Monia Guermazi, Yosra Ben Youssef
{"title":"Mixed phenotype acute leukemia: 13 patients and a proposed management algorithm","authors":"Wafa Chenbah, Mohamed Ben Abdelkrim, Manel Kasdallah, Nadia Sassi, Monia Guermazi, Yosra Ben Youssef","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is a rare, heterogeneous group of acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage (2–5% of cases) with no consensus treatment. We retrospectively reviewed all patients with MPAL managed in a single Tunisian hematology department between January 2014 and December 2023. Diagnosis relied on multiparameter flow-cytometric immunophenotyping using the EGIL score and the WHO classifications; survival was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method. Thirteen patients were included (median age 23 years, range 2–46; sex ratio ≈ 1.1). Twelve had a B/myeloid and one a T/myeloid phenotype; on cross-classification, 11 of the 13 EGIL-defined cases also fulfilled the stricter WHO criteria. Cytogenetic abnormalities were found in 10 patients, including t(9;22) in two and a complex karyotype in three. Eleven patients received an ALL-type induction, with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor in BCR-ABL1-positive disease; complete remission was obtained in 9 of 11 evaluable patients, and two underwent allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. Treatment-related mortality was high (53.8%), mainly infectious, and median overall survival was 19.2 months (1- and 5-year overall survival 54% and 30.8%). This series, one of the first dedicated cohorts from Tunisia, confirms the rarity and severity of MPAL and supports precise diagnosis, individualized multidisciplinary management, and multicenter collaboration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100602"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148737595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}