Abstracts from the 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 24th, 2020最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of Depressed Mood and Coping Motives in those with Pre-Menstrual Dysphoric Disorder on Cannabis Use Quantity across the Menstrual Cycle","authors":"K. Joyce, K. Thompson, P. Tibbo, Kimberley P Good, Elizabeth O'Leary, T. Perrot, A. Hudson, S. Stewart","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.40","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":383892,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 24th, 2020","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122573957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poison Center Reports of Cannabis Exposures among Children in Washington State, 2016","authors":"N. Close, J. Dilley, J. Baseman","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.20","url":null,"abstract":"Washington State began legal cannabis retail sales in 2014. Legalization of adult use cannabis and retail sales may result in more cannabis products in homes and opportunities for accidental exposures among young children. Consumption of cannabis by young children can result in significant adverse health effects. This study examined details of cannabis exposure events involving children under age 12 that were reported to the Washington State Poison Center (WAPC) during January – December 2016. Redacted charts were obtained from the WAPC “Toxicall” database. 50 eligible events were identified. Structured data were used to describe child age and gender and to obtain information about the involved products, route of administration, exposure setting, and clinical effects. Additional information about the exposure event was available in case notes; qualitative methods were used to develop themes and categorize the cases. Most exposure events (62%) were for children ages 0-2, and 26% were for ages 3-5. None of the exposures were reported as intentional. Of those where the source of the product could be determined (N=29) either a parent (n=20, 69%) or grandparent (n=6, 21%) was the most common source. Nearly all (94%) exposures occurred at the patient’s home and involved a single substance (90%). Of those that noted the type (N=13), 85% indicated that the cannabis was obtained for medical purposes. Most exposures were by ingestion (86%), and edibles were the most often reported form (52% of 41 cases with product specified). Nearly all edibles were brownies, cookies, and candies (96%). Baked goods were reported to be both homemade and purchased. Three cases were exposures to cannabidiol (CBD) among children being treated for seizures by their parents: one was the result of a therapeutic error, one an adverse reaction, and one an unintentional exposure. A single child was reported as exposed through breastmilk. Of those with known medical outcomes (N=33), nearly all caused no or minor clinical effects (78%), and nearly all had symptoms for less than 24 hours, most commonly lethargy and drowsiness (50%), but five children were hospitalized for non-critical care and one child with a history of seizures, who was given CBD oil containing THC, required intensive care and intubation. Risk for accidental exposures to cannabis among young children may be increasing as legal cannabis markets become more common. Although most exposures do not cause long-lasting harms, some children can experience significant harm requiring medical intervention. Caregivers of young children are advised to safely store cannabis products in the home so that they are out of reach of children, and to use caution and consult with a healthcare provider about use of cannabis products for medical treatment of a child or adult use while breastfeeding. Clinicians may play a role by screening for household cannabis use among parents and other caregivers, and advising about safe home practices.","PeriodicalId":383892,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 24th, 2020","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125999356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Cannabis Use in Massachusetts Youth","authors":"Julie K. Johnson, Samantha M. Doonan","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.2","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis policies are continuously evolving, over half of U.S. youth now live in a state with a form of legalized cannabis. Monitoring risk and protective factors is critical to ensure evidence-based youth prevention in this post cannabis-prohibition era. Massachusetts has enacted and implemented three forms of legalization: (1) Decriminalization (2008), (2) medical cannabis (2012), and (3) adult-use cannabis (2016). This study used state Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data of participants in grades 9-12 from 2007-2017 (N=17,691). Logistical regression models were run to assess effects of varying cannabis policy and risk or protective behaviors on cannabis use outcomes: (1) Lifetime use; (2) Past 30-day; and (3) Past 30-day heavy use. The enactment of cannabis policies was not associated with greater odds of youth reporting Lifetime and Past 30-day cannabis use behaviors. Any adult-support [heavy use OR=0.43 (95% CI=0.37,0.50), p<.001], better grades [heavy use OR=0.25 (95% CI=0.21,0.29), p<.001], and being heterosexual [heavy use OR=0.42 (95% CI=0.34,0.51), p<.001] were associated with lower odds of all cannabis use outcomes. Multiple risk factors broadly categorized under: risky sexual behaviors, non-heterosexual orientation, weapon carrying/exposure, hopelessness and suicidality behaviors, driving behaviors, and disability were associated with greater odds of cannabis use. Sensitivity analyses showed only one risk behavior was moderate by cannabis policy enactment. Results suggest that cannabis prevention efforts should not occur in a silo, rather evidence-based models for reducing risky behaviors generally may have the largest impact. Building and supporting relationships with trusted adults for youth at higher risk should be emphasized.","PeriodicalId":383892,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 24th, 2020","volume":"91 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114004871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating expectancies: Do community-recruited adults believe that cannabis is an effective stress reliever?","authors":"Toni C Spinella, S. Barrett","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.29","url":null,"abstract":"There is growing interest in using cannabis or specific cannabinoids (e.g., THC, CBD) as therapeutic agents for various stress-related psychiatric disorders (e.g., PTSD, anxiety). While beliefs about a drug, such as expecting to feel a certain way, have strong influences over the actual effects experienced by individuals, they are rarely evaluated in clinical research. In the present exploratory report, we sought to (1) evaluate the extent to which individuals believe that cannabis relieves stress, and (2) examine whether individual characteristics (i.e., age, sex, psychiatric illness, cannabis use frequency) are related to these beliefs. A sample of 234 adults (54.7% female; Mean age=31.37, SD=11.03, 19-69 years old) from the Halifax Regional Municipality community took part in a brief telephone screening interview to assess their eligibility for a larger study (in progress). Information was gathered about the frequency of current (i.e., past month) cannabis use (days per week), the presence of current psychiatric disorder(s) (\"yes\"/\"no\"), and the extent to which they believed that cannabis was an effective stress reliever (rating scale from 1 (“not at all”) to 10 (“extremely”)). Subjects reported a mean belief rating of 6.39 (SD=2.26). A multiple regression analysis was run to evaluate whether the belief that cannabis relieves stress was related to age, sex, psychiatric illness, and frequency of current cannabis use. Overall, the model significantly predicted cannabis belief ratings (p<.001, adjusted R2=.17). Among all variables, only frequency of cannabis use contributed significantly to this prediction (B=.544, 95% CI: [.387, .701], p<.001). In general, the present sample of community-recruited adults believed that cannabis was somewhat effective at relieving stress. Additionally, cannabis use frequency was the only variable that predicted the strength of this belief, such that more frequent use was associated with higher belief ratings. This is consistent with prior research indicating that heavier cannabis use is linked to positive cannabis expectancies. Given that stimulus expectancies influence substance-related responses, such findings would further the case for evaluating and controlling for these expectancies in clinical work with cannabis for stress-related conditions. Indeed, clinical cannabis research evaluating samples of heavy or frequent cannabis users may be subject to bias due to higher positive expectancies.","PeriodicalId":383892,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 24th, 2020","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128241163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety, Expectancies for Cannabis-Induced Anxiolytic Effects, and Frequency of Cannabis Consumption","authors":"Paul Guay, M. Mian, Brianna R. Altman, Luna F Ueno, M. Earleywine","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.36","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored relations among anxiety, expectancies for cannabis’s anxiolytic effects, and frequency of use. Undergraduate users (N=242, Mage = 19.1, 64.5% male, 46.6% White, 18.6% African American, 13% Hispanic/Latino, 12.7% Asian, 9.1% Mixed) rated their anxiety on the TSC-40. They reported expectancies for cannabis’s anxiolytic effects using the same TSC items with a rating from -2 (making the symptom worse) to +2 (making the symptom better). Average expectancies were 2.41, suggesting that users expected some impact of cannabis on anxiety symptoms. These expectancies showed a dramatic skew that required transformation. We regressed anxiety and expectancies and their centered interaction term on days of use per month. Expectancies (B=.917) served as a significant predictor, however anxiety did not (B=.215). The interaction term was not significant, (B=.155). These results suggest that users choose the number of days they use based on their expectations of cannabis-induced improvement of anxiety, not on their level of anxiety. The interaction was not an important contributor. These results suggest that alternative approaches for handling anxiety might decrease the frequency of cannabis consumption. In addition, challenging cannabis expectancies about anxiety could also decrease frequency of consumption.","PeriodicalId":383892,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 24th, 2020","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122882093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}