Abstracts from the 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 24th, 2020最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Age and Sex on Primary Method and Form of Cannabis Use","authors":"Marika C. Huffer, Anita Cservenka","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.6","url":null,"abstract":"While cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance, few studies have focused on the relationship between sociodemographic factors and primary method or form of cannabis use. The primary aims of this study were to understand the effects of age and sex on primary form (marijuana, concentrates, edibles) and method (joints, blunts, hand pipe, bong, hookah, vaporizer, edibles) of cannabis use. Participants (n=852; n=536 male) completed an online survey that included the ‘Daily Sessions, Frequency, Age of Onset, and Quantity of Cannabis Use Inventory’ used to collect information on the primary method and form of cannabis use in male and female participants divided into young adults ages 18 to 25 (Y) and adults 26 and older (O). Chi square analysis showed a significant effect of sex for primary method (χ2 (1)=122.4, p<.001) and primary form (χ2 (1)=24.6, p<.001) of cannabis use. Post hoc comparisons using Bonferroni corrections (adjusted p=0.002) showed that males were significantly more likely to report blunts (M=35%; F=10%), while females were significantly more likely to report joints (F=16%; M=8%) and edibles (F=15%; M=4%) as their primary method of cannabis use. Males were also significantly more likely to report marijuana (M=66%; F=55%), while females were significantly more likely to endorse edibles (F=17%; M=10%) as their primary form of cannabis use. Chi square analysis showed a significant effect of age for primary method (χ2 (1)=139.9, p<.001) of cannabis use. Young adults were significantly more likely to report using bongs (Y=19%; O=11%), vaporizers (Y=26%; O=9%), and edibles (Y=12%; O=5%), while participants 26 or older were significantly more likely to report using blunts (O=39%; Y=10%) as their primary method of cannabis use. There were no significant differences between age groups for the primary form of cannabis use. Findings from this study suggest there are significant effects of age and sex on primary method and form of cannabis use. Future studies should examine how other sociodemographic factors may affect cannabis use and how method and form of cannabis use affect long-term health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":383892,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 24th, 2020","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125285021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis Protective Behavioral Strategies: Moderating the Effects of Antecedents on Consequences?","authors":"Alexander Win, Dylan K. Richards, M. Pearson, Protective Strategies Study Team","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.15","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present study was to replicate and extend tests of interaction effects between cannabis protective behavioral strategies use and a wide range of risk/protective factors for cannabis-related consequences. We recruited 2,226 college students (Mage = 20.28, SD = 3.37; 68.8% female; 75.4% white) from 10 universities throughout the U.S. who reported using cannabis in the past month to complete an online survey. Measures included in the survey assessed cannabis use, cannabis-related consequences, cannabis protective behavioral strategies use, and 35 risk/protective factors (including socio-demographic characteristics [e.g., biological sex]). Cannabis protective behavioral strategies use was negatively correlated with cannabis-related consequences while controlling for the risk/protective factors. Most importantly, 33% and 54% of the interaction effects tested were statistically significant, depending on the covariates entered into the model. The interaction effects had a consistent pattern such that the positive association between greater risk and cannabis-related consequences was weaker as cannabis protective behavioral strategies use increased. These findings suggest that none of these interaction effects are particularly specific for any given risk/protective factor. We draw parallels to research on alcohol protective behavioral strategies and offer suggestions for moving the cannabis protective behavioral strategies field forward.","PeriodicalId":383892,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 24th, 2020","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121989401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Perfect Storm: Unintended Effects of Homeschooling on Parents’ Mental Health and Cannabis Use Behaviors During the Pandemic","authors":"Mariam M. Elgendi, Hélène Deacon, Lindsey M. Rodriguez, F. King, Simon Sherry, A. Abbass, Sandra Meier, R. Nogueira-Arjona, A. Hagen, S. Stewart","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.33","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in families self-isolating under incredible stress. Viral containment strategies included school closures with parents left to homeschool their children with few supports from the educational system. Recent data show that those with children at home were more likely to drink heavily during the pandemic (Rodriguez et al., in press). Gaps remain, however, in understanding whether these effects are due to the stresses of homeschooling and whether they extend to cannabis use. Seven-hundred-and-sixty Canadian romantic couples (total N=1520 participants; mean age = 57 years; 50% women) who were self-isolating together during the month of April 2020 were recruited through Qualtrics Panel Surveys. Measures were completed retrospectively in early July 2020; participants were asked to report on their feelings and behavior in April 2020 during lockdown. They completed the GAD-7 (Spitzer et al., 2006) and the PHQ-9 (Kronke et al., 2001) to assess anxiety and depression, brief versions of four subscales of the COVID-19 Stress Scales (Taylor et al., 2020) to assess stress around the pandemic, and the Life Orientation Test – Revised (Chiesi et al., 2013) to assess optimism. They completed a measure of role strain (Statistics Canada, 2015) and a measure of conflict with their partner (Murray et al., 2003). They also completed a validated measure of cannabis use frequency and quantity (Cuttler et al., 2017), as well as two validated items from the Brief Cannabis Motives Measures (Bartel et al., 2020) to assess cannabis use to cope with depression and anxiety, respectively. All measures were completed for a 30-day timeframe during the month of April. Participants also reported on whether they were homeschooling one or more children in Grade 1-12 during the month of April. Data was analyzed with a one-way (homeschooling group) Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) controlling for group differences in age; a Bonferroni-correction was applied to account for multiple tests. Compared to those who did not homeschool (n=1116), those who did homeschool (n=404) experienced significantly more depression (p=.001), more COVID-19-related stress around socioeconomic consequences (p<.001) and traumatic stress (p<.001), and less optimism (p=.002). And those who homeschooled experienced more role strain between their home and work responsibilities (p<.001) and more conflict both toward and from their partner (p’s<.001) than those who did not homeschool. Those who homeschooled also used cannabis significantly more frequently in the month of April than those who did not homeschool (p=.003). Compared to cannabis users who did not homeschool (n=122), cannabis users who did homeschool (n=61) reported more frequent cannabis use to cope with both depression and anxiety (p’s = .003). These findings suggest that unintended consequences of our societal viral containment strategies include more depression, pessimism, role strain, inter-parental conflict, and certain ","PeriodicalId":383892,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 24th, 2020","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129025988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impulsivity and Childhood Physical Abuse Predict Past 30-day Cannabis Use Among Bisexual Women","authors":"Margo A. Drohan, C. Schulz, Emily M Glatt, A. Stamates, M. Kelley","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.11","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research suggests that bisexual women’s rate of cannabis use is 2 to 7 times higher than their heterosexual peers; however, factors contributing to this are unclear. Trait impulsivity (i.e., tendency to act without forethought) and history of childhood physical abuse (CPA) are two risk factors that may be relevant for bisexual women’s cannabis use. Specifically, bisexual women indicate high levels of risk-taking and commonly report histories of CPA. While both impulsivity and CPA have been identified as predictors of cannabis use in heterosexual women, research has yet to explore these factors as predictors of cannabis use among bisexual women. Consequently, the present study examined CPA and trait impulsivity as predictors of cannabis use in a sample of bisexual women. It was hypothesized that both trait impulsivity and exposure to CPA would predict greater frequency of cannabis use. Participants were 225 bisexual women aged 22.77 years (SD = 3.45) recruited from a southeastern university and community area. Participants completed an online survey including questions about their past 30-day frequency of cannabis use (5-point scale ranging from 0 = never to 4 = daily), CPA using the Child Maltreatment Scale-physical abuse subscale, and impulsivity using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-version 11. A majority of the sample reported cannabis use in the past 30 days (60.3%), with 23.2% using once or twice, 12.9% using weekly, 11.2% using almost daily, and 12.9% using daily. To account for the large number of zero values on the cannabis use score, we tested a Poisson hurdle model to evaluate the effects of CPA and impulsivity on cannabis use. Frequency of cannabis use was modeled first as a binary logistic model (0 versus any use) and then as a truncated regression model for non-zero responses. Results indicated that across all participants, greater impulsivity predicted any cannabis use in the past 30 days (p = .003), but CPA did not (p = .942). Among participants who reported past 30-day cannabis use only, CPA was associated with increased frequency of cannabis use (p = .003), and impulsivity did not predict frequency of cannabis use (p = .683). Overall, results indicated that greater trait impulsivity was associated with past 30-day cannabis use, but not frequency of cannabis use. Conversely, greater CPA exposure was not associated with whether one used cannabis in the past 30 days but instead was related to increased frequency of past 30-day cannabis use. Thus, although trait impulsivity may identify cannabis users, CPA may identify sexual minority women who are at risk for increased frequency of cannabis use. Given the potential long-term harms associated with increased cannabis use (e.g., changes in brain morphology, cognitive impairment, and respiratory issues), prevention efforts targeting bisexual women may want to consider impulsivity and CPA.","PeriodicalId":383892,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 24th, 2020","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126678206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Associations Between Trauma Exposure and Cannabis Use Frequency, Quantity, Duration, and Age of Onset","authors":"K. Woodward, Annalee Ellis, Jenni B Teeters, Matthew J. Woodward","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.39","url":null,"abstract":"Prior research has identified an association between trauma exposure and cannabis use, such that a history of trauma exposure is associated with greater likelihood of lifetime cannabis use. However, little research has expanded upon this association, making it unclear whether trauma exposure is associated with cannabis use outcomes beyond lifetime history of use. Given that heavy cannabis use and trauma exposure are risk factors for a number of deleterious outcomes, it is important to further examine the influence of trauma exposure on cannabis use. The purpose of the current study was to further explore this relationship by examining associations between trauma exposure and various indices of cannabis use. Participants included a sample of 722 female undergraduates at least 18 years or older (M = 19.0) who were recruited through a campus-wide online study pool. Participants completed measures on trauma exposure (calculated as number of traumas experienced), cannabis use (i.e., Daily Sessions, Frequency, Age of Onset, and Quantity of Cannabis Use [DFAQ-CU]; Cutler & Spradlin, 2017), and mental health symptoms. Specific indices of cannabis use were lifetime history of cannabis use, age of onset of cannabis use, current frequency of use, current quantity of use (in grams), and length of use. Logistic regression analyses and correlations were used to explore the associations between trauma and cannabis use variables. Subsequent analyses were conducted controlling for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms to determine whether relationships between trauma exposure and cannabis use remained after accounting for PTSD symptoms. Thirty-seven percent (n = 266) of the sample indicated a lifetime history of cannabis use. Similar to previous research, greater trauma exposure was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of a lifetime history of cannabis use (OR = 1.14, p < .001). Additionally, number of traumas experienced and age of onset of cannabis use were significantly negatively correlated, r(262) = -.16, p < .01, indicating that greater trauma exposure was associated with earlier onset of use. Number of traumas experienced was positively correlated with duration of cannabis use, r(236)=.14, p = .03, indicating greater trauma exposure was associated with greater duration of use. Number of traumas experienced was also positively correlated with quantity of cannabis use, r(175)=.20, p < .01, showing that greater trauma exposure was associated with higher amounts of cannabis used. These associations remained significant even after controlling for PTSD symptoms. Frequency of cannabis use was not significantly correlated with trauma exposure, r(266) = -.01, p = .82. The results of the present study indicate that trauma exposure is associated with a range of indices of cannabis use beyond lifetime history of use, even after accounting for the influence of PTSD. These findings highlight the importance of extending examination of trauma and can","PeriodicalId":383892,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 24th, 2020","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121440203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender and Age Differences in Comorbid Cannabis Use Disorders and Suicidality in a National Sample","authors":"Lourah M Kelly, Nicholas A. Livingston, Tess K. Drazdowski, K. Zajac","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.28","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately 40 million adults use marijuana annually, making marijuana one of the most commonly used substances in the United States (SAMHSA, 2019). Men and emerging adults (ages 18-25) report higher prevalence of cannabis use disorders (CUDs) relative to women and older adults (CBHSQ, 2015; Khan et al., 2013). More frequent marijuana use is associated with greater likelihood of suicidal ideation (Ilgen et al., 2009), and past year use in emerging adults is associated with future suicide attempts (Pedersen, 2008). Similar to correlates of marijuana use, emerging adults and men have higher rates of suicidality (SAMHSA, 2019; Krug et al., 2002). Limited research has tested gender and age differences in comorbid CUDs and suicidality. The current study evaluated gender and age differences in CUDs only, suicidality only, or comorbid CUDs and suicidality in a national sample of adults. We hypothesized that men and emerging adults would be over-represented in comorbid CUDs and suicidality and CUDs only groups. Data were from four consecutive years (2015-2018) of the National Survey of Drug Use and Heath. Multinomial logistic regressions tested gender and age differences in adults with DSM-IV cannabis abuse or dependence (CUDs) only, suicidality only, and comorbid CUDs and suicidality, all compared to adults with neither CUDs or suicidality. Four separate regressions were conducted for passive suicidal ideation, active suicidal ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempts. Gender was coded as male or female. Age groups were 18–25, 26–34, 35–49, and 50 years or older. Analyses controlled for survey year, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, education, household income, past year major depressive episode, past year DSM-IV alcohol abuse or dependence, and past year illicit drug abuse or dependence other than CUDs. Men disproportionately reported CUDs only (ORs=1.73-2.19, p<.001) and comorbid CUDs and passive suicidal ideation, active suicidal ideation, and suicide planning (ORs=1.72-2.12, p<.01), but not attempts (OR=1.16, p=.45) relative to women. Men reported 22% higher odds of active suicidal ideation than women. Women reported 15% higher odds of suicide attempts than men. Gender differences in passive suicidal ideation and planning were not statistically significant. Compared to older age groups, emerging adults were significantly more likely to report CUDs only (ORs=1.74-10.49, p’s<.01) and showed 2.36 to 14.24 times greater odds of comorbid CUDs and all four forms of suicidality (p<.001). Emerging adults were at 18% to 66% higher odds of either passive or active suicidal ideation alone compared to all older age groups (p’s<.001). This study investigated the relations between CUDs, suicidality, gender, and age in a nationally representative sample of adults. Results indicated that men and emerging adults consistently reported the highest likelihood of negative outcomes. Next steps include determining the direction of the relationship between CUDs ","PeriodicalId":383892,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 24th, 2020","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130310622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19’s impact on cannabis use: Can we trust retrospective cross-sectional data?","authors":"S. Bartel, Simon Sherry, S. Stewart","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Emergent research suggests there has been an increase in cannabis use levels during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, several gaps remain. It is unclear what impact the pandemic has had on the frequency vs. quantity of cannabis use. Additionally, research has not focused on emerging adults, a population often more likely to use cannabis. Moreover, as existing studies are cross-sectional and retrospective, it is not clear whether participant reports of increasing cannabis use during COVID-19 are accurate. We sought to fill these gaps to provide further information about the impact of COVID-19 on cannabis use and the accuracy of related retrospective self-reports. Design and Methods: Seventy emerging adults in an ongoing longitudinal study on alcohol and cannabis users completed surveys on COVID-19 and substance use between March 23rd-June 5th. Their substance use four months earlier was extracted from the existing dataset. Results: 54% of participants reported an increase in cannabis use frequency during the pandemic, while 39% reported an increase in cannabis quantity. An examination of objective change scores indicated 50% of participants actually increased their cannabis use frequency during the pandemic, while 32% actually increased their cannabis quantity. A comparison of retrospective subjective change with longitudinal objective change scores indicated participants were relatively accurate in their retrospective reports of change in cannabis use frequency but were relatively inaccurate in their retrospective reports of change in cannabis use quantity. Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic appears to increase cannabis use frequency in the slight majority of cannabis using emerging adults. Our results suggest that retrospective cross-sectional reports may be a reasonable proxy for COVID-19 related cannabis use change in the case of cannabis use frequency. But our results question their use for determining how the pandemic is impacting cannabis use quantity. Importantly, our results suggest the COVID-19 pandemic poses health threats that extend beyond the virus itself. It is essential that public health efforts address the increasing frequency of cannabis use in emerging adult users.","PeriodicalId":383892,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 24th, 2020","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115101094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contexts of Marijuana Use: A Latent Class Analysis among Argentinean College Students","authors":"A. Pilatti, Adrian J. Bravo, Yanina Michelini, Gabriela Rivarola Montejano, R. Pautassi","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Substance use and the association between substance-related variables and outcomes seem to be context dependent. We employed Latent Class Analysis (LCA), a person-centered approach, to identify distinct subpopulations based on contexts of marijuana use. We also examined whether the resulting classes differ in a set of marijuana-related variables that hold promise as potential targets of interventions. Method: A sample of 1083 Argentinean college students (64% women; M age = 19.73±3.95) completed an online survey that assessed substance use and related variables (motives for substance use, protective behavioral strategies [PBS] and internalization of the college marijuana use culture). For the present study, only data from students that reported last month (i.e., past 30-day) marijuana use (n = 158) were included in the analysis. Participants reported whether or not they used marijuana in different places (i.e., own house, party at home, friends’ house, parties at friends' house, university party, non-university party, bar, dance-club, outside [street, park], or pregaming) or social contexts (i.e., alone, with family members, strangers, boyfriend/girlfriend, close friend, small group of same-sex friends, ≥10 same-sex friends, small co-ed group of friends, ≥10 co-ed friends). Results: LCA identified a 2-classes model for marijuana use context. Class 1 comprised 40% of last-month marijuana users. Students within this class endorsed a high probability of consuming marijuana across different places (e.g., at home, at parties, outdoors) and social contexts (e.g., close friend and in small same sex and coed groups). Participants in Class 2 exhibited a low endorsement of marijuana use across contexts, yet they reported a moderate to high probability of using marijuana with a small group of same-sex friends or with the close friend, at a friend’s home. The two classes significantly differed, as shown by Student’s t, on all marijuana outcomes (i.e., use and negative consequences) and marijuana-related variables (motives, PBS and internalization of the college marijuana use culture). Students in class 2 exhibited significantly less marijuana use, both in terms of frequency and quantity, and less marijuana-related negative consequences than those in class 1. The latter class exhibited more normative perceptions about marijuana use in college, more marijuana use motives -particularly social, coping and expansion motives- and less use of PBS than students in class 2 did. Conclusions: Our findings revealed subpopulations of college students that are heterogeneous regarding contexts of marijuana use, patterns of use and in a number of relevant variables. These distinctive subpopulations require different targeted interventions.","PeriodicalId":383892,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 24th, 2020","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125491856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis Use Among Women: Does Daily Assessment Reactivity Affect Usage Patterns?","authors":"J. Isaacs, S. Mackinnon, K. Joyce, Sherry Stewart","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.30","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Daily diary measurements are a common way to assess substance use behaviours, however researchers and clinicians are often cognizant of assessment reactivity (or “reactivity”) in daily substance use measurement. Reactivity involves changes to behaviours that result simply from self-monitoring those behaviours. When reactivity to substance use measurement has been found to exist, it has been identified both as a possible confound in daily diary research and a potential intervention tool in clinical practice. Reactivity to daily self-monitoring of alcohol and tobacco use has been investigated in prior research, however this research has been inconsistent. Reactivity to daily self-monitoring of cannabis use quantity has yet to be documented at all. METHOD: The current study involved secondary analyses of data from N=88 women who self-monitored their cannabis use for 32 consecutive days (Joyce et al., under review). We examined objective reactivity of cannabis use to daily self-monitoring both for the probability of use each day as well as the quantity of cannabis used on each cannabis-using day. At study completion, participants were asked the degree to which they felt self-monitoring impacted their cannabis use (i.e., subjective reactivity). We explored the reported degree of subjective reactivity, and we examined correspondence between objective and subjective reactivity. RESULTS: Hurdle models were the best fit for the data. Participants’ probability of daily cannabis use and the quantity of cannabis use did not change significantly over the study period. For subjective reactivity, many respondents (45%) reported no subjective reactivity, though a majority (55%) reported some degree of subjective reactivity with 24% reporting moderate or more reactivity. A three-step hierarchical linear model was used to investigate the relationship between objective and subjective reactivity. Time was the only predictor in the first step, subjective reactivity was added as a predictor in the second step, and the time x subjective reactivity interaction was explored in the final step. Subjective reactivity was not found to moderate the relationship between time and cannabis use, although there was a significant relationship between self-reported subjective reactivity and variability of cannabis use across the data collection period. CONCLUSIONS: This study determined that participants who report greater subjective reactivity to cannabis measurement are more likely to demonstrate variability in their cannabis usage. While this study did not find a significant change in cannabis scores over time because of reactivity, the non-significant results are valuable from both a research and a clinical standpoint. For research, the lack of change is an indicator that reactivity is likely not a confounding factor in studies involving cannabis daily diary research. From a clinical perspective, the non-significant change indicates that simply self-monitoring cannab","PeriodicalId":383892,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 24th, 2020","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130985830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Late Adolescent Marijuana Use During the COVID-19 Outbreak Vary as a Function of Typical Use","authors":"Lillian Chu, Elliot C. Wallace, Jason J. Ramirez","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.17","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescent marijuana use is a significant public health concern given that many individuals first begin using during this developmental period and an earlier age of onset is prospectively associated with numerous marijuana misuse outcomes. The outbreak of COVID-19 has resulted in stay-at-home orders and social distancing guidelines across the United States. For many adolescents, these orders resulted in a number of changes that could alter one’s marijuana use including changes to marijuana availability, parental supervision, amount of free time, and stress levels. Despite these possible changes, the impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on adolescent marijuana use are unknown. The aims of this analysis were to 1) assess changes to marijuana use among late adolescents related to the COVID-19 outbreak, and 2) examine whether these changes vary as a function of one’s pre-COVID-19 levels of use. Data described here come from a screening survey for a larger study which was completed by 156 adolescents (ages 14-18, 78% male) after the stay-at-home order was put in place in Washington state on March 23rd, 2020. All participants completed a self-report questionnaire that included demographic information, marijuana use, and changes to marijuana use following the state’s stay-at-home order. In the sample, 55 participants described themselves as never having tried marijuana, and none of these participants reported having used during the COVID-19 outbreak. Of the 101 participants who reported any prior marijuana use, 44 reported stopping or decreasing their use as a result of COVID-19, 30 reported using similar amounts as before, and 27 reported increased marijuana use as a result of COVID-19. A chi-square test of independence revealed that changes in use significantly varied as a function of pre-COVID-19 levels of use, X2 (2, N = 98) = 29.79, p < .001. The odds of irregular and light marijuana users decreasing their use was 13.73 times higher than moderate and heavy users. Moderate and heavy users had higher odds of maintaining their current use (5.04 times higher) and increasing their use (3.07 times higher) compared to irregular and light users during the COVID-19 outbreak. Primary reasons given for decreasing use included decreased availability and less socialization. Primary reasons for increasing use included more free time, fewer responsibilities, and coping with stress and anxiety. The findings suggest that although marijuana use may appear to decrease on average across a range of late adolescents that vary according to their regular use, these decreases are not likely among moderate and heavy users who may actually be at increased risk of marijuana misuse during the COVID-19 outbreak.","PeriodicalId":383892,"journal":{"name":"Abstracts from the 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana July 24th, 2020","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116825604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}