SAE Technical Papers最新文献

{"title":"IoT Integrated Advanced Mor-Sockets for Smart Devices","authors":"Rajarajeswari R, Suchitra D, Praveena V, Sriram Karthik","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0150","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Internet of Thing (IoT) is the connecting network for applications like vehicles, smart devices, buildings etc., with the build in sensors to gather and share information for the user specific needs. The IoT platform offers prospects for a broad and direct integration of the manual world and the digital world by enabling things to be sensed and controlled remotely through existing network infrastructure. Self-contained programs can also be executed on it. This work projects on the integration of the IoT concept to the MOR-socket to manage, monitor and control the energy consumption of smart devices in a smart building. To achieve this, a simulation using Proteus 8.0 professional is made to obtain a virtual MOR-socket. This system is modeled with three prioritized loads of different current rating. The first priority load is the lighting load, second is the motor load and the final one is a load of higher current rating than the other two. The control and monitoring of these loads are performed through a IoT open source webpage (ADAFRUIT) by inculcating Demand Response (DR) strategies. The load connected are monitored and controlled in three modes such as automatic, manual and constraint mode. To facilitate the manual mode touch sensors are provided with each load and in automatic mode current consumption patterns are absorbed for remote connection and disconnection of devices using IoT during emergency and non-mandatory scenarios. In constraint mode the loads can be connected or disconnected based on the power consumption pattern of each load using sensors with a comparison made using a defined threshold value as per DR strategy. Thus the energy conservation during peak load duration is also achieved using MOR socket. A hardware setup for the same is made along with a temperature sensor along with power management for monitoring and curbing the building temperature and power usage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135142033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machinability Studies and the Evolution of Hybrid Artificial Intelligent Tools for Advanced Machining of Nickel Alloy for Aerospace Applications","authors":"Manikandan Natarajan, Thejasree Pasupuleti, Gnana Sagaya Raj, V Kumar, Lakshmi Narasimhamu Katta, Jothi Kiruthika","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0065","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Nickel-based superalloys are frequently adopted in various engineering applications, such as the production of food processing equipment, aerospace parts, and chemical processing equipment. Because of higher strength and thermal conductivity, they are often regarded as difficult-to-machine materials in certain processes. Various methods were evolved for machining the hard materials such as Nickel-based superalloys more effective. One of these is wire electrical discharge machining. In this paper, we will discuss the development of an artificial neural network model and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system that can be used to predict the future performance of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM). The paper uses the Taguchi and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) design techniques to analyze the model’s variable input. It aims to simulate the various characteristics of the process and its predicted values. A comparison of the two was then performed, and it was revealed that the prophesied values are close to the actual results. The findings of the investigation support the manufacturer’s decision-making process and demonstrate the evolved capability of the process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135142162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Concurrent Scheduling of Machines and Tools in a Flexible Manufacturing System with Alternating Machines Using the Flower Pollination Algorithm","authors":"Padma Lalitha Mareddy, Venkatesh Vakucherla, Lakshmi Narasimhamu Katta, Narapureddy Siva Rami Reddy","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0141","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">This paper examines the concurrent scheduling of machines and tools with machines in a multi-machine flexible manufacturing system (FMS) with the aim of minimizing the makespan in automobile manufacturing industry. Due to the high cost of tools in FMS, each type of tool has only one duplicate in circulation. To reduce the cost of duplicating tools on each machine, a central tool magazine (CTM) is used to store and share tools among several machines. The main challenge in this scenario is to allocate machines from alternate machines and tools to job operations in a way that minimizes the make span. To address this problem, the article proposes a mixed nonlinear integer programming formulation and a Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA). The results show that the FPA outperforms existing algorithms and using alternate machines for operations can reduce the make span. Therefore, this paper suggests that the FPA-based approach can be effectively utilized in real-world FMS applications, particularly in the automobile manufacturing industry, to achieve efficient scheduling and production planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135142172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation and Analysis of Quarter Car Model for Low Cost Suspension Test Rig","authors":"V Sudhir Kumar, Balamurugan R, Raja Thiagarajan, Sadhasivam Deepan Kumar, Rinish R","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0164","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">This paper focuses on a low-cost simulation of a control device that automates the operation of an existing suspension test rig. The rig has a few limitations: it must be manually controlled, the load applied</div><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">cannot be specified, and the deflection must be manually measured. A suspension setup can't be checked for different road profiles, either. The proposed control system in this paper effectively automates the process of suspension spring load testing at a cost that is comparable to that of a fully automated test rig on the market, while also expanding the scope of its capabilities. SIMSCAPE was used to map simulation models of both the actual test rig and the updated test rig control system. On both rigs, the results of evaluating suspension components were simulated, and the resulting graphs were compared.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":"84 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135087573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the Potential of Water-Blended Karanji Ester and EGR in CI Engines: A Micro-Explosion Effect Investigation","authors":"Gnana Sagaya Raj, R L Krupakaran, Manikandan Natarajan, Thejasree Pasupuleti, Thangaraja Jeyaseelan","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0074","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Biodiesel, which is made from the methyl ester of vegetable oils, is becoming more and more popular as an alternative fuel for compression ignition engines because it is good for the environment and can be used as a replacement fuel without making major changes to the engine. Biodiesel offers several key advantages, including its ready availability, environment friendly and its ability to contribute to lower carbondioxide levels in the atmosphere. An exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)-equipped Kirloskar compression ignition engine is used in this research to examine the influence of micro-explosions on the reduction of nitrogen oxides and smoke. The fuel chosen is Karanji oil methyl ester. The experiment involved varying the exhaust gas quantity in increments of 5%, ranging from 5% to 15%, as exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is recognized as an effective technique for reducing NOx emissions. Similarly, the study also adjusted the water content, ranging from 5% to 15% in 5% increments. It has been shown that adding water to diesel fuel is an efficient and cheap way to cut down on pollution since it reduces the production of harmful nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and smoke. According to the test results, water mixed diesel fuel and EGR technology achieved a significant decrease in NO_x by 66.23 percent and smoke emissions by 50 percent with a 2.5 percent compromise in thermal efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical and Microstructure Analysis of Pulsed Current Gas Tungsten Arc Welded Dissimilar Duplex UNS32205 and Austenitic AISI 321 Stainless Steel Joints","authors":"S Praveen Kumar, Naveen Kilari","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0076","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Dissimilar metal welding (DMW) gives a distinctive and complex process because each zone in the different welding area has unique structures and characteristics. The customized weld zone has a unique structure and may have a heating effect on weld metal properties. DMW is used in aerospace, marine, oil refineries, petrochemical industries, power plants including nuclear and other engineering applications due to economic considerations and offered lightweight in design. This paper's main objective is to investigate the microstructure evolution and impact strength of a joint Austenitic AISI 321 plates and Duplex UNS32205 stainless steel welded using pulsed current GTAW (PCGTAW). The base plates were joined by ER2209 filler metal and the microstructure of base and weld metal zones was observed. The selected filler metal was a duplex in nature and contains equal ratio of austenite and ferrite phase in the different weld metal zones of UNS32205 and AISI 321 weldments. The fractography studies of dissimilar joints UNS32205 and AISI 321 were done and investigated through scanning electron microscopic (SEM). Pipe joints in oil and gas and petrochemical industries make use of bimetallic combinations of different stainless steels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ZrO &lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Nanoparticles Loading on the Tribo-Mechanical Behavior of Magnesium Alloy Nanocomposites","authors":"Chandradass J, Thirugnanasambandham T, R Rajendran, Palanivendhan Murugadoss","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0130","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Magnesium alloy nanocomposite prepared with hard ceramic particles via conventional technique is a promising future material for automotive applications due to its unique characteristics like low density, high strength, castability, and good wear resistance. The present study is to enhance the tribo-mechanical properties of alumina nanoparticle (10wt %) reinforced magnesium alloy (Mg/Al) composite by incorporating 1wt%, 3wt%, and 5wt% zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂) nanoparticles through stir casting method. The tensile strength, impact toughness, hardness, and wear rate of developed composites were compared with (10wt %) alumina nanoparticles reinforced magnesium alloy composite. The nanocomposite containing 3wt% ZrO₂ shows maximum impact strength of 22.8 J/mm². The maximum tensile strength (88.9MPa), hardness (124.5BHN), and wear resistance (9.802mm³/m at 20N) are obtained for 5wt% ZrO₂ magnesium alloy nanocomposite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Taguchi Based ANFIS Approach in Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of Haste Alloy C276 for Automobile Applications","authors":"Thejasree Pasupuleti, Manikandan Natarajan, Balamurugan R, PC Krishnamachary, Lakshmi Narasimhamu Katta, Jothi Kiruthika","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0167","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Superalloys, also known as nickel alloys, are widely employed in a wide variety of engineering applications, including the creation of parts for the chemical processing industry and appliances for the food processing industry. Their high heat conductivity and strength, among other characteristics, make them challenging to machine using traditional techniques. Instead, cutting-edge techniques are typically created for the milling of such tougher materials. In this study, we use a modern method called wire electrical discharge machining, which is typically used for working with tougher materials. In order to anticipate WEDM variables, this paper aims to create a Grey-based Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Model and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System. The paper uses a Taguchi method to investigate the model’s varying inputs. The purpose of this model is to visualize the process’s varying performance characteristics. The model’s projected values have been compared to the experimental data, and it has been shown that the two sets of numbers are quite closely related. Developed model’s capabilities have been validated through rigorous testing, allowing the maker to make informed judgments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of Solar Power Propagation using Silicon Nanowire Photonic Crystals for Electric Vehicles","authors":"Geetha P","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0093","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Photonic crystals are materials for controlling and manipulating the light flow. Nano photonic devices deal with behavior of the light in the nanomaterial and devices. It works on the interaction of nano devices with light. They are periodic structures with different refractive indices. The wave guides can be constructed will have sharp and low-loss bending enabling high integration density of several orders of magnitude. On silicon surfaces, nano- and microstructures are created to lower reflection and increase light absorption. It can be applied to enhance infrared (IR) bolometer applications based on MEMS. In this work Silicon nanowires photonic crystals are grown and the electric characteristics and frequency characteristics are modeled, simulated and studied using finite element method. Waveguide is created by removing a set of wires making a path for signal flow for the frequency within the band gap. It is observed that depending on the displacements of the nanowires, waves of particular frequency range is getting reflected which is photonic band gap. The infrared response of silicon nanowires for the IR range (2.5 - 20m), the broadband infrared absorption is found to be boosted by around 2.5 to 3 times when compared to that of polished silicon. The Si nanowires IR sensitivity offers exciting prospective uses as a wideband IR absorbing/sensing mate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electric Bikes as Exercise Equipment: A Technical Study on Design and Energy Recovery for Home and Fitness Center Use","authors":"Bharanitharan P R, Rajalakshmi Anbalagan, Thanigaivel Mani, Velmurugan Arumugam","doi":"10.4271/2023-28-0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-28-0104","url":null,"abstract":"<div class=\"section abstract\"><div class=\"htmlview paragraph\">Sustainable transportation has been a focus area for over a decade, and the recent pandemic-induced lockdowns have witnessed a substantial increase in the demand for fitness equipment. Several studies have proposed different techniques for harvesting energy from human motion, such as piezoelectric footwear, backpacks, and wearable lightweight systems. This research aims to develop a low-cost and efficient technique for harvesting energy from a custom-built electric bike that can be used as a stationary exercise bike. Integrating electric bicycles as exercise bikes has become a viable solution to promote physical fitness and environmental responsibility. This technical paper explores the mechanical and electrical design of e-bikes as exercise bikes and the technical considerations required to create a functional and efficient hybrid machine. The technical aspects of integrating an electric bicycle with an exercise bike include modifying the frame to allow for a stationary position using high-quality materials to ensure durability, stability and long-term use. Secondly, designing a reliable drive system that allows for adjusting the resistance system, selecting appropriate batteries and control systems to manage energy consumption and recovery, including regenerative braking systems to store energy for later use. Lastly, incorporating a digital display for tracking performance metrics. The paper evaluates the benefits of using an electric bicycle as an exercise bike, including reducing carbon emissions, energy consumption, and economical strain on the user. The paper also evaluates the quantum of energy recovery possible from exercising, which depends on various factors such as the duration and intensity of the exercise and the efficiency of the energy recovery system. The paper analyzes the potential market for such a hybrid machine, including gyms, fitness centers, and personal use. Finally, a detailed cost study is performed to assess the return on investment. The findings presented in this paper suggest that e-bikes have the potential to offer a convenient and effective option for individuals seeking to improve their physical fitness and overall health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38377,"journal":{"name":"SAE Technical Papers","volume":" 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135141486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}