{"title":"Surface level challenges for shale gas development in Europe; A regulatory perspective","authors":"P. Zeniewski","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2012.6254815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2012.6254815","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the paper is to survey the regulatory issues affecting unconventional gas development in Europe. By analyzing key surface-level challenges for onshore exploitation of conventional hydrocarbons, the study will highlight the regulatory gaps in need of attention should the technically recoverable `shale' gas resource base be deemed economically viable. Key `surface-level' issues to be addressed include the management of water used for hydraulic fracturing, the licensing and mineral rights regime as well as the regulations addressing surface disturbance and land use (e.g. zoning restrictions, nature reserves, noise/visual impacts, etc).","PeriodicalId":383754,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129117433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solving conjectured multi-leader-follower equilibriums for electricity markets with quadratic optimization problems","authors":"F. A. Campos, J. Villar, C. Diaz, A. Contreras","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2012.6254667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2012.6254667","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling competition in the future European Electricity Market (EEM) suggests considering new perspectives of leadership between the participant generators. EEM models should then be able to represent the possible existence of leaders and followers, and Conjectural Stackelberg equilibriums could be a powerful approach to do so. These asymmetric equilibriums can represent several types of competitive advantages among the market participants, though existing literature approaches generally assume single-leader-follower games. In addition, the complexity of the resolution methodologies sometimes compromises their applicability, especially if large-scale problems have to be solved. In this paper, a multi-leader-follower conjectural Stackelberg equilibrium model is presented. A simple convex quadratic optimization problem is proposed for its resolution, and the conditions for the equilibrium existence are discussed. A case study is presented to validate the model, and to analyze how market competition changes with the number of leaders or followers. The main conclusion is that if leadership spreads and Stackelberg models are used for its representation, regulatory policies should be oriented to increase the number of followers. However, there exists a maximum number of followers for which Stackelberg equilibriums does not exist, suggesting a deeper analysis for these cases to understand that matter and to decide the possible use of other market models.","PeriodicalId":383754,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122382535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Freire, E. A. Neves, L. Tsunechiro, R. Cabral, Z. Souza
{"title":"Liquidity in the Brazilian electricity market","authors":"L. Freire, E. A. Neves, L. Tsunechiro, R. Cabral, Z. Souza","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2012.6254697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2012.6254697","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1987, many countries have decided on their electricity market liberalization, increasing their degree of maturity, efficiency and, finally, liquidity. This paper aims at presenting the main concepts of liquidity and its importance for the satisfactory functioning of electricity markets. Likewise, it assesses the Brazilian electricity market liquidity by presenting the perspective of the electricity contracts traded in Brazil, focusing on the free market, exploring further the contribution of various classes of agents in the liquidity of these products. For instance, it portrays the current liquidity scenario by presenting the churn rates of conventional and special energy short and long term contracts and the liquidity relative rates which are an innovative adaptation from the stock market to calculate the liquidity of the referred products. Finally, this paper lists some actions that could be implemented by the Brazilian electricity market in order to improve its liquidity level.","PeriodicalId":383754,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130775313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Institutional analysis of wind power in Finland","authors":"P. Spodniak, S. Viljainen","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2012.6254787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2012.6254787","url":null,"abstract":"Wind energy is the second largest renewable energy source of electricity (RES-E) generation in the EU. Despite the strategic energy plans, such as the new feed-in tariff scheme and other formal rules, Finland's installed wind power capacity (197 MW) and its share in the gross electricity consumption (0.5%) belongs to the lowest in the EU27. The paper investigates the reasons behind the sluggish growth by embracing approaches from institutional economics. After the analysis of formal rules on European and national level, three levels of institutions affecting the wind power in Finland are identified: legislative and executive, governance structure, and individuals. Further, informal rules are identified from five semi-structured interviews with key informants from governance structure and individual-level institutions. The findings, structured according to three institutional aspects: policy, technology, and economics reveal multiple implications about the industry structure, municipal and regional governance, and public acceptance.","PeriodicalId":383754,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130441513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Apolinário, C. Barros, C. E. Santo, Alice T. Ferreira, L. Ferreira, B. Madeira, P. Verdelho
{"title":"Results from a competitive tender mechanism to promote energy efficiency in Portugal","authors":"I. Apolinário, C. Barros, C. E. Santo, Alice T. Ferreira, L. Ferreira, B. Madeira, P. Verdelho","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2012.6254806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2012.6254806","url":null,"abstract":"The International Energy Agency believes that energy efficiency is the most cost-effective way to meet the environmental challenges. ERSE, the Portuguese Energy Services Regulatory Authority, established in 2006 a competitive tender mechanism to promote efficiency in electricity consumption called PPEC. PPEC first edition (PPEC 2007) sponsored 26 measures, implemented during 2007, 2008 and 2009. The benefits were estimated to be 4,6 times higher than the costs. However, the ex-post measurement and verification plans revealed that the benefit cost ratio went well above the expectations, mounting to 7,4. Clearly, competitive tender mechanisms are one of the means possible to ensure sufficient, affordable, reliable energy supply while meeting environmental goals. Regulators ensure the crucial balance between energy availability and energy affordability and thus have a central role in the transition to a low carbon energy sector.","PeriodicalId":383754,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128842731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Malaquias, A. Abaide, M. M. Santos, T. Milke, L. Canha, L. Nunes
{"title":"Supply contract management through the optimal dispatch of distributed generation","authors":"L. Malaquias, A. Abaide, M. M. Santos, T. Milke, L. Canha, L. Nunes","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2012.6254644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2012.6254644","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to development of a methodology is minimize contracting costs of energy use and cost of the transmission system, from the optimal dispatch of Distributed Generation (DG). It's presents a model of optimal dispatch of Small Hydro Power (SHPs) in distribution systems based on Genetic Algorithms (GAs) multiperiod, which evaluates the financial impact of SHPs on utility supply contract. In our model, it is considered a market scenario in which the license may decide to purchase energy from the wholesale energy market through the substation or, alternatively, the units of SHPs allocated in your network. The developed methodology is applied to the case study in a small supply, located in southern Brazil. The results show that the optimal order of SHPs can improvement significantly reduce costs of purchasing energy use of the system.","PeriodicalId":383754,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125343605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How market power affects the behavior of a pumped storage hydro unit in the day-ahead electricity market?","authors":"F. Teixeira, J. D. de Sousa, S. Faias","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2012.6254793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2012.6254793","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of large amounts of wind energy in power systems raises important operation issues such as the balance between power demand and generation. The pumped storage hydro (PSH) units are seen as one solution for this issue, avoiding the need for wind power curtailments. However, the behavior of a PSH unit might differ considerably when it operates in a liberalized market with some degree of market power. In this regard, a new approach for the optimal daily scheduling of a PSH unit in the day-ahead electricity market was developed and presented in this paper, in which the market power is modeled by a residual inverse demand function with a variable elasticity. The results obtained show that increasing degrees of market power of the PSH unit correspond to decreasing levels of storage and, therefore, the capacity to integrate wind power is considerably reduced under these circumstances.","PeriodicalId":383754,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126869997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Demand response in electricity markets: A review","authors":"Qin Zhang, Juan Li","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2012.6254817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2012.6254817","url":null,"abstract":"Demand response (DR) is the outreach of demand side management (DSM) in competitive electricity markets. With price signals and incentive mechanisms, DR is crucial to both power system reliability and market efficiency. Based on DR research and experiences around the world, comprehensive research on DR in electricity markets is conducted, including its definition, classification, implementation mechanisms, impacts on power systems, and cost-benefit analysis. According to different reasons for triggering DR, DR programs in electricity markets are classified into two categories: price-based DR and incentive-based DR. Subsequently, for each category, this paper discusses several representative DR programs to shed detailed light on two key problems, i.e., DR implementation mechanisms and the impacts of DR on power systems. Several important problems which need to be further studied are finally proposed.","PeriodicalId":383754,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122493651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regulation and investment in the EU natural gas sector: A panel data analysis","authors":"I. Soares, S. Magalhães","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2012.6254785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2012.6254785","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we evaluate the impact of regulation on the investment carried by natural gas transmission and distribution companies in the EU through a panel data of fixed effects. Our sample is composed by nine countries and twenty-three utilities for the period 2000-2009. We find that there is a significant, positive impact on the regulated companies' investment whenever cost-of-service regulation is implemented. Given the empirical evidence and the perspectives for the sector evolution, we conclude for a paradigm shift in the regulation model towards the development and the acceptance of a traditional approach that guarantees the security of supply and the expected demand growth.","PeriodicalId":383754,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127924867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Renewable energies in the auctions: Lessons from Brazil","authors":"Z. Souza","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2012.6254786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2012.6254786","url":null,"abstract":"The reverse auctions are considered the main sectorial policy to encourage renewable energies in Brazil. However, since it started in 2005, the reverse auctions have allowed the purchase concentrated on only one alternative source, inhibiting the expansion of others. From 2005 to 2009, it was concentrated on the biomass source, representing 95% of the total contracted among the renewable sources. In the last two years, the situation was reversed, with wind power accounting for 85% of the total allocated to renewable sources. The policy dedicated to encouraging one source affects the energy security of the system and contributes to dismantle the other renewable sources. This study warns about the option of encouraging the development of renewable energies only through reverse auctions. Despite the appeal of low tariffs, achieved through competitive auctions, in the long run, this policy should be adjusted to avoid restrictions on the development of other renewable sources.","PeriodicalId":383754,"journal":{"name":"2012 9th International Conference on the European Energy Market","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133091207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}