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Law & Society: Public Law - Crime最新文献

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The Desirability of Crime Prevention Through Social Development (CPSD) in Residential Neighbourhood Crime Prevention 社会发展预防犯罪在社区犯罪预防中的可取性
Law & Society: Public Law - Crime Pub Date : 2017-02-21 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2921041
S. Olajide, Mohd Lizam
{"title":"The Desirability of Crime Prevention Through Social Development (CPSD) in Residential Neighbourhood Crime Prevention","authors":"S. Olajide, Mohd Lizam","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2921041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2921041","url":null,"abstract":"It is an understatement to say that residential neighbourhood crime (property crime) is soaring globally with a devastating consequence. However, one of the modern strategies/concepts employed in combating the social menace is crime prevention through social development (CPSD). The aim of this research is to test the desirability of crime prevention through social development in residential neighbourhood crime prevention. The approach adopted to achieve this objective was basically through content analysis of related literature by examining the various empirical studies in this regard. The result of the findings showed that majority of the examined empirical studies on the subject matter supported the potency of CPSD in crime prevention and considering the negative effect of residential neighbourhood crime on the environment, residents and government activities, any effort made in this direction is considered worthwhile.","PeriodicalId":383610,"journal":{"name":"Law & Society: Public Law - Crime","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131017789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Murder/Burglary Rate Correlation as a Proxy for Drug Abuse 谋杀/入室盗窃率的相关性作为药物滥用的代理
Law & Society: Public Law - Crime Pub Date : 2016-12-21 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2888558
Clayton E. Cramer
{"title":"The Murder/Burglary Rate Correlation as a Proxy for Drug Abuse","authors":"Clayton E. Cramer","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2888558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2888558","url":null,"abstract":"Murder and burglary rates are very strongly correlated: much more so than any other crimes recorded by the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports program. This paper asks if both of these crimes are so strongly correlated because both are proxies for drug abuse, and suggests that this relationship may justify more examination of a causal connection by researchers with more statistical skills.","PeriodicalId":383610,"journal":{"name":"Law & Society: Public Law - Crime","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115226765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Offshore Schemes and Tax Evasion: The Role of Banks 离岸计划和逃税:银行的角色
Law & Society: Public Law - Crime Pub Date : 2016-12-04 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2633031
Lucy Chernykh, S. Mityakov
{"title":"Offshore Schemes and Tax Evasion: The Role of Banks","authors":"Lucy Chernykh, S. Mityakov","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2633031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2633031","url":null,"abstract":"We use mandatory Russian banks’ reports to the Central Bank to construct a novel measure of offshore-banking. Individual bank involvement in offshore operations is calculated as a fraction of total transactions with foreign countries that go through offshore financial centers. We find that offshore-active banks perform less financial intermediation and focus more on international wire transfers. We show a positive relation between banks’ offshore activities and tax evasion of companies doing business through these banks. Finally, we show that the Central Bank eventually responds to this behavior: offshore-active banks have higher likelihood of license revocation and criminal investigation against top-management.","PeriodicalId":383610,"journal":{"name":"Law & Society: Public Law - Crime","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115337391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35
How to Catch Capone: The Optimal Punishment of Interrelated Crimes 如何抓卡彭:关联犯罪的最佳刑罚
Law & Society: Public Law - Crime Pub Date : 2016-09-21 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2831590
Daniel Jaqua, Daniel Schaffa
{"title":"How to Catch Capone: The Optimal Punishment of Interrelated Crimes","authors":"Daniel Jaqua, Daniel Schaffa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2831590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2831590","url":null,"abstract":"This paper characterizes optimal criminal punishments when there are multiple interrelated crimes. Optimal punishments are functions of the extent to which related crimes are complements or substitutes weighted by their relative harms to society. The available empirical evidence on the relationship between index crimes in the United States suggests that tailoring criminal punishments properly to incorporate relationships between crimes could reduce the aggregate harm to victims by 3%, or about $8 billion dollars annually, holding enforcement expenditures fixed. The actual harm reduction of a marginal increase in arrests for an index crime is on average about 1.5-3 times greater than the harm reduction calculated without these effects.","PeriodicalId":383610,"journal":{"name":"Law & Society: Public Law - Crime","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121955516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gateway Crimes 网关的罪行
Law & Society: Public Law - Crime Pub Date : 2016-08-22 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2827880
Murat C. Mungan
{"title":"Gateway Crimes","authors":"Murat C. Mungan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2827880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2827880","url":null,"abstract":"Many who argue against the legalization of marijuana suggest that while its consumption may not be very harmful, marijuana indirectly causes significant social harm by acting as a “gateway drug,” a drug whose consumption facilitates the use of other, more harmful, drugs. This article presents a theory of “gateway crimes”, which, perhaps counterintuitively, implies that there are social gains to decriminalizing offenses that cause minor harms, including marijuana-related offenses. A typical gateway crime is an act which is punished lightly, but, because it is designated as a crime, being convicted for committing it leads one to be severely stigmatized. People who are stigmatized have less to lose by committing more serious crimes, and, therefore, the criminalization of these acts increases recidivism. Thus, punishing “gateway crimes” may generate greater costs than benefits, and this possibility must be kept in mind when discussing potential criminal justice reforms. This “gateway effect” does not require that, but, is strongest when, people underestimate, or ignore, either the likelihood or magnitude of the consequences associated with being convicted for a minor crime. Therefore, - if potential offenders in fact underestimate expected conviction costs - this theory not only implies previously unidentified benefits associated with decriminalizing acts that cause questionable or minor harms, but also benefits associated with making the costs associated with convictions more transparent.","PeriodicalId":383610,"journal":{"name":"Law & Society: Public Law - Crime","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128907888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Homicides in Mexico and the Expiration of the U.S. Federal Assault Weapons Ban: A Difference-in-Discontinuities Approach 墨西哥的凶杀案和美国联邦攻击性武器禁令的到期:不连续性的差异方法
Law & Society: Public Law - Crime Pub Date : 2016-08-17 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2647408
L. Chicoine
{"title":"Homicides in Mexico and the Expiration of the U.S. Federal Assault Weapons Ban: A Difference-in-Discontinuities Approach","authors":"L. Chicoine","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2647408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2647408","url":null,"abstract":"The year following the expiration of the U.S. Assault Weapons Ban (AWB), the homicide rate in Mexico increased for the first time in a decade. A difference-in-discontinuities model and a unique dataset are used to compare discontinuities generated by close mayoral elections on either side of the AWB expiration. The model finds a statistically significant increase in the firearm homicide rate following the expiration of the AWB. This effect is larger closer to the U.S.–Mexico border, is isolated to the timing of the expiration, and there is no evidence of a concurrent increase in non-firearm homicides or other violent crime.","PeriodicalId":383610,"journal":{"name":"Law & Society: Public Law - Crime","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124692260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Salience and the Severity Versus the Certainty of Punishment 惩罚的显著性、严重度与确定性
Law & Society: Public Law - Crime Pub Date : 2016-06-07 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2790936
Murat C. Mungan
{"title":"Salience and the Severity Versus the Certainty of Punishment","authors":"Murat C. Mungan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2790936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2790936","url":null,"abstract":"The certainty aversion presumption (CAP) in the economics of law enforcement literature asserts that criminals are more responsive to increases in the certainty rather than the severity of punishment. In simple economic models, this presumption implies that criminals must be risk-seeking. Some scholars claim that this and similar anomalous implications are caused by the exclusion of various behavioral considerations in theoretical analyses. This article investigates whether a model in which criminals over-weigh probabilities attached to more salient outcomes (as in Bordalo et al. (2012) and (2013)) performs better than the simple expected utility theory model in explaining CAP-consistent-behavior. The analysis reveals that the answer is negative unless the probability of punishment is unreasonably high. This finding suggests that we should exercise caution in incorporating salience -- a la Bordalo et al. -- in simple law enforcement models.","PeriodicalId":383610,"journal":{"name":"Law & Society: Public Law - Crime","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126921798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Does Legitimacy Necessarily Tame Power? Some Ethical Issues in Translating Procedural Justice Principles into Justice Policy 合法性一定会驯服权力吗?程序正义原则转化为司法政策的若干伦理问题
Law & Society: Public Law - Crime Pub Date : 2016-05-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2783799
M. Hough, B. Bradford, J. Jackson, P. Quinton
{"title":"Does Legitimacy Necessarily Tame Power? Some Ethical Issues in Translating Procedural Justice Principles into Justice Policy","authors":"M. Hough, B. Bradford, J. Jackson, P. Quinton","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2783799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2783799","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines some of the ethical dilemmas associated with research on procedural justice. Most of this research has involved surveys of the public, involving attitude measurement amongst random samples of adults. These tend not to give rise to the more common ethical dilemmas that criminological researchers encounter, to do with coerced consent and the preservation of anonymity and confidentiality. However, there are significant ethical issues in the application of this research to policy and practice. They relate largely to the risks in providing utilitarian justifications for the adoption of values, and in the use of low-visibility behavioural techniques to nudge people into compliance with the law. These ethical dilemmas offer ‘knowledge tools’ that could be misused in the pursuit of consent to authority – even if individual research subjects are not exposed to any harm in the research process. These – resolvable – dilemmas need to be surfaced and discussed.","PeriodicalId":383610,"journal":{"name":"Law & Society: Public Law - Crime","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115345473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Вопросы Применения Административной Преюдиции в Современном Российском Уголовном Праве (The Issues of Application of Administrative Prejudice in Modern Russian Criminal Law)
Law & Society: Public Law - Crime Pub Date : 2016-04-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2886790
N. Kuznetsova
{"title":"Вопросы Применения Административной Преюдиции в Современном Российском Уголовном Праве (The Issues of Application of Administrative Prejudice in Modern Russian Criminal Law)","authors":"N. Kuznetsova","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2886790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2886790","url":null,"abstract":"Russian Abstract: Административная преюдиция, по мнению автора, могла бы оказаться эффективным средством отграничения преступлений от административных правонарушений, выполняя роль своеобразного буфера между двумя видами юридической ответственности. \u0000English Abstract: Administrative prejudice, according to the author, could be an effective means of separating crimes from administrative offences, as a buffer between the two types of legal liability.","PeriodicalId":383610,"journal":{"name":"Law & Society: Public Law - Crime","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114228238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Criminal Discount Factors and Deterrence 刑事折扣因素与威慑
Law & Society: Public Law - Crime Pub Date : 2016-02-07 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2730969
G. Mastrobuoni, D. Rivers
{"title":"Criminal Discount Factors and Deterrence","authors":"G. Mastrobuoni, D. Rivers","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2730969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2730969","url":null,"abstract":"The trade-off between the immediate returns from committing a crime and the future costs of punishment depends on an offender's time discounting. We exploit quasi-experimental variation in sentence length generated by a large collective pardon in Italy and provide non-parametric evidence on the extent of discounting from the raw data on recidivism and sentence length. Using a discrete-choice model of recidivism, we estimate an average annual discount factor of 0.74, although there is heterogeneity based on age, education, crime type, and nationality. Our estimates imply that the majority of deterrence is derived from the first few years in prison.","PeriodicalId":383610,"journal":{"name":"Law & Society: Public Law - Crime","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133771112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 36
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