Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers最新文献

{"title":"Magnetic response of monolayer H-phase VS2 nanosheets at room temperature: Implications for spintronics device","authors":"Amit Kumar Patel,&nbsp;Suyash Rai,&nbsp;Sajal Rai","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), explicitly monolayer vanadium disulfide (VS₂) in its H-phase, have gained remarkable attention due to their semiconducting nature, intrinsic magnetic properties at room temperature (RT), and potential use in future spintronic devices.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>In this study, we report an optimized, simple, and scalable synthesis of monolayer H-phase VS₂ crystal using an atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) technique.</div></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><div>The Raman spectra and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image of the as-synthesized VS₂ crystal reveal that the as-synthesized sample has an H-phase, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirms the presence of a monolayer with a step height of ∼ 0.7 nm. Further, the room temperature magnetic force microscopy (MFM) study gives a phase shift of 0.68° to 0.06° for the sample-tip variation from 20 nm to 140 nm in steps of 20 nm, suggesting an intrinsic long-range magnetic ordering in the as-synthesized VS₂ crystal. The decrease in the MFM phase shift exhibits exponential dependence on the sample to AFM tip distance. Finally, our MFM phase shift measurement findings suggest a RT magnetic response in monolayer H-phase VS₂ crystal. These results are much higher than the other previously reported MFM responses of metallic T-phase VS_2, indicating robust experimental evidence for the magnetic behavior of monolayer H-phase VS_2. Our study introduces a pathway to explore the opportunity for highly efficient future spintronic devices using 2D magnetic materials at RT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106073"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrahighly permeable carbon molecular sieving membranes enabled by blocking the precursor polyimide molecules with 6FAP moieties","authors":"Ying Zhang ,&nbsp;Bing Zhang ,&nbsp;Yonghong Wu ,&nbsp;Tonghua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Selecting appropriate polymer precursors is essential for developing high-performance carbon molecular sieve membranes (CMSMs) for gas separation, as precursor structure significantly impacts the resulting membrane's thermal stability, microstructure, and gas transport properties.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study reports the synthesis of a novel polyimide for CMSMs fabrication, which features a main chain backbone of tetrahydrocyclobuta (1,2-c:3,4-c') difuran-1,3,4,6-tetraone-1,4-bis (4-amino-2-trifluoromethylphenoxy) benzene (CBDA-6FAPB), with 2, 2-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane (6FAP) diamine as a block monomer via ternary co-polymerization. The thermal stability, surface functional groups, microstructure and morphology of the membranes were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The effects of varying 6FAP proportions, and the permeation conditions on the thermal stability of polyimide, the microstructure and gas separation performance of CMSMs were systematically investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><div>Results show that increasing the proportion of 6FAP enhances the selectivity of CMSMs, with the gas permeability initially rising then decreasing. Exceptionally ultrahigh permeabilities are achieved, corresponding to 7690.0 Barrer (H₂), 2578.6 Barrer (CO₂) and 1466.5 Barrer (O₂), along with the selectivities of 31.0 (H₂/N₂), 10.4 (CO₂/N₂) and 5.9 (O₂/N₂), for CMSMs made by the proportion of 5% of 6FAP segments. In summary, the as-prepared CMSMs are excellent and promising with attractively commercial prospect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106096"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exergy and exergoeconomic evaluation and optimal design of a solar-powered system integrated with PEM fuel cell and TEG for cleaner production","authors":"Mohammad Reza Sharifinasab ,&nbsp;Shoaib Khanmohammadi","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Considerable increase in the energy consumption, raised concerns over clean energy production. The solar limitless energy is one of the renewable sources. Utilizing the solar energy, is perfectly suitable for location with high solar intensity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this research, a combined cooling and power (CCP) CO₂ cycle, which is employing two ejectors and two evaporators is studied. LS-2 parabolic trough collector was modeled and Cu-water nanofluid was used to transfer the collected solar energy to the main cycle. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is employed to preheat the nanofluid and supply pumps power. The system operating conditions were optimized using evolutionary multi-objective genetic algorithm. The MATLAB software was used to perform the optimization procedure.</div></div><div><h3>Significant Findings</h3><div>Results indicate that the turbine can generate a power output of 9.247 kW. The specific exergy cost of turbine produced power was 97.050 $/GJ. The exergy destruction for PTC, PEM fuel cell, and turbine were 45.104 kW, 21.831 kW, and 0.999 kW, respectively which are caused by friction losses and irreversibilities of thermodynamic process. The exergy destruction of PTC was 61% of total exergy destruction. The evaluation of the system in different locations revealed that Riyadh and Baghdad have great potential for the proposed system. Additionally, the optimization results for proposed system revealed that the maximum obtainable work of turbine was 13.199 kW with a turbine power cost rate of 4.114 $/h. According to the proposed configuration which operates without the use of fossil fuels, this system could provide sustainable and clean power production for off-grid areas. Also, water as the product of the fuel cell is a clean product which is not harmful for environment. The findings for studied city which are high potential solar places supports the sustainability of the studied configuration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106094"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical analysis of lithium-ion battery performance with new mini-channel configurations implementing hybrid nanofluid","authors":"M. Sheikholeslami ,&nbsp;Z. Esmaeili ,&nbsp;Ladan Momayez","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The thermal management of lithium-ion battery packs was thoroughly investigated in the current study, aiming to enhance cooling efficiency through innovative design approaches. This research evaluates the performance of four distinct mini-channel configurations—Smooth (simple rectangular), Grooved, Tooth, and Pin Fin—integrated with a hybrid nanofluid composed of water and Fe₃O₄-SWMCT nanoparticles.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>These advanced cooling channels are designed to improve thermal regulation by optimizing the thermal characteristics of the system. The study employs a conduction-based model to simulate the unsteady heat source conditions representative of battery discharge cycles. Validation against published data confirms the high accuracy of the modeling approach.</div></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><div>Results demonstrate that the incorporation of nanoparticles in the cooling fluid contributes to a slight reduction in battery temperature, with cells located near the cooling channels exhibiting more uniform temperature distribution. Notably, the channel configuration with Pin fins proves to be the most effective, achieving a Nusselt number 5.03 times greater than that of the Smooth rectangular duct, indicating significantly improved heat transfer performance. Conversely, the channel design with Teeth showed the poorest hydraulic performance, with performance value of 0.84, while the Pin Fin configuration achieved the highest performance value of 2.62, signifying superior overall performance. This study highlights the crucial impact of channel geometry and cooling fluid composition on behavior of battery packs. By advancing the design and material use in cooling systems, the research contributes valuable insights for enhancing battery safety, efficiency, and longevity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106074"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of ensemble, supervised, and deep learning regression algorithms for parametric modelling of solid-liquid fluidization","authors":"Asif Afzal ,&nbsp;Abdulrajak Buradi ,&nbsp;Md. Tariqul Islam ,&nbsp;Mohammad Asif ,&nbsp;H. Fayaz ,&nbsp;Sung Goon Park ,&nbsp;Arunkumar Munimathan ,&nbsp;Stéphane PA Bordas","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A comparative regression modelling of fluidization bed data parameters is performed in this work using different algorithms. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling of particle and fluid flow characters using two-fluid Eulerian-Eulerian model. RNG k-ε turbulence coupled with kinetic theory of granular flow was also combined. The developed numerical model is used for generating the fluidization related data of parameters like turbulent viscosity, turbulent dissipation rate, solid velocity, solid volume fraction, granular temperature, and turbulent kinetic energy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Comparative modelling and performance analysis between ensemble learning, supervised learning, and neural networks is performed for the mentioned fluidized bed parameters. Ensemble Regression algorithms: Gradient boosting regressor (GBR), Voting regressor (VR), and Random-forest regressor (RFR), supervised learning algorithm - Decision tree (DT), and Deep Artificial neural network (ANN) models are used for the data mapping of fluidization parameters. Performance metrices are accessed in details to compare the modelling results or the algorithms in details for each fluidization parameter.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>From the modelling of this data it is found that numerical data is highly non-linear. DT and RFR algorithms are the most accurate algorithms that predicted with &gt;90 % of accuracy in each case. VT and GBR trained and tested with around 85 % accuracy in most cases but failed in prediction of granular temperature. ANN also sufficiently provided good accuracy while it also failed to predict granular temperature. Solid volume fraction, turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent viscosity, and turbulent dissipation rate were modelled perfectly with all the algorithms. Among all the parameters, turbulent viscosity during training and testing from each model is highly accurately modelled from each of the algorithm with prediction accuracy &gt;90 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106053"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waste to waste treatment: Efficient upcycling of jarosite as a metal source and waste PET as a sustainable linker to synthesize iron-based MOF for wastewater treatment","authors":"Pushpendra Kushwaha ,&nbsp;Madhu Agarwal ,&nbsp;Akhilendra Bhushan Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A significant excess of waste sludge from the metal industry and plastic waste from discarded bottles creates the need for meaningful disposal and sustainable utilisation. Therefore, a sustainable solution has been considered to treat waste streams of textile and pharmaceuticals.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>An iron-based metal-organic framework (Fe-BDC MOF) is synthesised from metals and organic linkers. The synthesised iron-based MOFs efficiently treated dyes and antibiotics in industrial waste streams. Recently, antibiotic and dye removal from pharmaceutical and textile industry wastewater has been urgent from the viewpoint of human health and sustainable environment development. Another Fe-BDC MOF was prepared using commercially available terephthalic acid (Fe-BDC) for comparative analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Finding</h3><div>Developed MOFs were characterised using FTIR, FESEM-EDS, TGA, XRD, XPS, and BET techniques. Additionally, experiments were conducted to assess the adsorption of Norfloxacin (NR) and Methylene blue (MB) dye using developed MOFs. Under optimised conditions [contact time 20 min (NR), 30 min (MB), initial concentration 25 mg/L, temperature 30 °C, dose 0.3 g/L (NR), 1 g/L (MB) and pH (5.5)], according to Langmuir isotherm the developed Fe-BDC MOF shows maximum adsorption capacities of 1123.60 and 256.41 mg/g of NR and MB, respectively. The removal of NR and MB was well fitted with the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo 2nd order model. The outcomes of the thermodynamic study reveal that adsorption is exothermic and spontaneous. The synthesis of the Fe-BDC MOF with PET-derived BDC presents a promising method for addressing environmental PET waste while facilitating the efficient removal of NR and MB from wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106095"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of impeller blades for fluid laminar mixing in an unbaffled stirred reactor","authors":"Deyin Gu ,&nbsp;Hao Yang ,&nbsp;Yinghua Song ,&nbsp;Li Wen ,&nbsp;Si Liu ,&nbsp;Ting Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Many studies reported that the isolated zones are obstacles for the fluid laminar mixing process. The key to intensify the laminar mixing process lies in minimizing or eliminating the isolated zone while maximizing the chaotic mixing zone. In this work, dislocated fractal impeller (DF impeller) was applied to minimize the isolated zone and maximize the chaotic mixing zone for fluid laminar mixing process.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The mixing performance of dislocated pitched-blade impeller (DPB impeller) and DF impeller were explored through numerical simulation and experimentation.</div></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><div>Results showed that the impeller blades with dislocated fractal structure design resulted in a reduction in power consumption and power number compared to the straight impeller blades with the same blade area. Meanwhile, this design could improve the shear action of impeller blade edges on the fluid, enhance the radial and axial velocity, and minimize the pressure differential between its front and rear sides while reducing the recirculation zone behind the impeller blades compared to straight impeller blades under the same operating conditions. In addition, DF impeller could decrease mixing time, reduce the isolated zone and increase the chaotic mixing zone compared with DPB impeller under the same operating conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"171 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural convection of power law fluid in square cavity equipped with heat-generating solid and submitted to two modes of time-periodic cooling: MRT-LBM simulation","authors":"A. Bourada ,&nbsp;Y.K. Benkahla ,&nbsp;A. Boutra ,&nbsp;D.E. Ameziani","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This contribution deals with the numerical analysis of transient natural convection of power law fluid, filling a square cavity, in the presence of volumetric heat generation provided by a circular heat conductor solid, placed in the centre of the cavity. The cavity experiences two modes of time-periodic cooling: sinusoidal and triangular.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The numerical simulation is conducted using the multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method and the boundary conditions at the circular obstacle are treated by coupling the spatial quadratic interpolation to the bounce back condition. The parametric study involves the effect of amplitude (0 ≤ A ≤ 2) and period (0.001 ≤ τ_p ≤ 1) of the time-periodic temperature, oscillation mode (sinusoidal and triangular), Rayleigh number (10³ ≤ Ra ≤ 10⁶), temperature-difference ratio (0 ≤ ΔT* ≤ 40) and power law index (0.7 ≤ n ≤ 1.3).</div></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><div>The results obtained show, on the one hand, that these parameters have a considerable effect on the fluid flow and heat transfer. Furthermore, it is noted that the choice of the cooling mode has an important role in the optimization of heat transfer. On the other hand, The MRT-LBM approach has been validated as effective for addressing such physical problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106067"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinspired synthesis of Fe2O3 nanoparticles uing Rosa Rugosa flower extract and their application as a potent alternative disinfecting agent against waterborne pathogens within wastewater management","authors":"Mai M. Khalaf ,&nbsp;Mohamed Gouda ,&nbsp;Manal F. Abou Taleb ,&nbsp;Fatima E. Al-Rasheed ,&nbsp;Hany M. Abd El-Lateef","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The serious health dangers associated with waterborne microorganisms have prompted research into substitute disinfectants.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this work, the ferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe₂O₃ NPs) were produced in an green appraoch using <em>Rosa rugosa</em> cv. <em>Plena</em> (RP) extract and evaluated its antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against some pathogens. The synthesized Fe₂O₃ NPs were characterized via several techniques, namely UV–Vis, XRD, TEM, average particle size, zeta potential and SEM-EDX. Furthermore, the effectiveness of phyto-synthesized Fe₂O₃ NPs as a possible disinfectant against common aquatic infections was examined.</div></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><div>The data illustrated the preparation of Fe₂O₃ NPs with small size (67.77 nm). The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the synthesized Fe₂O₃ NPs against the target pathogens were measured, which showed encouraging inhibitory effects, especially at 2xMIC doses. The bacterial species of <em>E.coli</em> was more susceptible to Fe₂O₃ NPs with MIC 62.5 ± 8.3 μg/mL, while for <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>, MIC value was 250 ± 15.6 µg/mL. Time-kill kinetics revealed the complete inhibition of bacterial growth within 100 min at 2 × MIC concentrations, while biofilm removal tests showed &gt;90% inhibition at concentrations of 750–1000 µg/mL. Additionally, the Fe₂O₃ NPs eradicated harmful bacteria in wastewater samples with a 6-log reduction in cell viability. These findings emphasize the potential of phyto-synthesized Fe₂O₃ NPs as a sustainable and effective disinfectant for wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"171 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the softening and melting behavior of sinter under simulated blast furnace conditions: Part II – Characteristics of microstructure evolution and grain coarsening","authors":"Yu-ning Chiu ,&nbsp;Kai-chun Chang ,&nbsp;Wen-chien Tsai ,&nbsp;Yu-jia Hu ,&nbsp;Jia-shyan Shiau ,&nbsp;Ke-miao Lu ,&nbsp;Tsung-yen Huang ,&nbsp;Shan-wen Du ,&nbsp;Ping-chieh Cheng ,&nbsp;Yi-chen Kuo ,&nbsp;Ker-chang Hsieh ,&nbsp;Hao-long Chen ,&nbsp;Shih-kang Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To enhance the mechanistic understanding of softening and melting (S&amp;M) behaviors and their role in determining blast furnace (BF) permeability performance, studying macro- and microstructural evolution under high-fidelity yet not oversimplified BF environments is indispensable.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Building on Part I, this study establishes experimental conditions that faithfully reproduce BF environments. Leveraging these high-fidelity conditions, we investigate the macro- and microstructural evolution and grain size distribution of metallic Fe and FeO at five temperatures: 1150 °C, 1250 °C, 1330 °C, 1430 °C, and 1550 °C.</div></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><div>Key conclusions link microstructural evolution to softening, melting, and dripping behaviors. From 1150 °C to 1550 °C, Fe and FeO grains undergo significant coarsening, with Fe increasing from 0.5–6.0 µm to 3.5–15.0 µm and FeO from 0.7–6.17 µm to 2.1–9.7 µm by 1430 °C. A critical dripping threshold for FeO droplets (&gt;9.5 µm) in sinter ore shows grain coarsening significantly affects dripping timing and behavior. Additionally, the high melting points of slag phases in sinter ore compared to pellets and lump ores limit FeO droplet formation, resulting in less pronounced dripping behavior. These findings emphasize the need to investigate grain coarsening to understand dripping mechanisms across various burden materials and the potential impact of grain size variations on permeability in conventional versus hydrogen-rich blast furnaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":381,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 106066"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}