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Logical relations and the typed λ-calculus 逻辑关系与类型化λ演算
信息与控制 Pub Date : 1985-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80001-2
R. Statman
{"title":"Logical relations and the typed λ-calculus","authors":"R. Statman","doi":"10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80001-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80001-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38164,"journal":{"name":"信息与控制","volume":"65 2","pages":"Pages 85-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80001-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83389550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 157
Sparse sets in NP-P: EXPTIME versus NEXPTIME NP-P中的稀疏集:EXPTIME与NEXPTIME
信息与控制 Pub Date : 1985-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80004-8
J. Hartmanis, N. Immerman, V. Sewelson
{"title":"Sparse sets in NP-P: EXPTIME versus NEXPTIME","authors":"J. Hartmanis,&nbsp;N. Immerman,&nbsp;V. Sewelson","doi":"10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80004-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80004-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the structural properties of sets in <em>NP-P</em> and shows that the computational difficulty of lower density sets in <em>NP</em> depends explicitly on the relations between higher deterministic and nondeterministic time-bounded complexity classes. The paper exploits the recently discovered <em>upward separation</em> method, which shows for example that there exist sparse sets in <em>NP-P</em> if and only if <em>EXPTIME ≠ NEXPTIME</em>. In addition, the paper uses relativization techniques to determine logical possibilities, limitations of these proof techniques, and exhibits one of the first natural structural differences between relativized <em>NP</em> and <em>CoNP</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38164,"journal":{"name":"信息与控制","volume":"65 2","pages":"Pages 158-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80004-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137307527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The equivalence problem and correctness formulas for a simple class of programs 一类简单程序的等价问题及其正确性公式
信息与控制 Pub Date : 1985-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80018-8
Oscar H. Ibarra , Louis E. Rosier
{"title":"The equivalence problem and correctness formulas for a simple class of programs","authors":"Oscar H. Ibarra ,&nbsp;Louis E. Rosier","doi":"10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80018-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80018-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper is concerned with the semantics (or computational power) of very simple loop programs over different sets of primitive instructions. Recently, a complete and consistent Hoare axiomatics for the class of {<em>x</em> ← 0, <em>x</em> ← <em>y</em>, <em>x</em> ← <em>x</em> + 1, <em>x</em> ← <em>x</em> ∸ 1, <em>do x</em> … <em>end</em>} programs which contain no nested loops, was given, where the allowable assertions were those formulas in the logic of Presburger arithmetic. The class of functions computable by such programs is exactly the class of Presburger functions. Thus, the resulting class of correctness formulas has a decidable validity problem. In this paper, we present simple loop programming languages which are, computationally, strictly more powerful, i.e., which can compute more than the class of Presburger functions. Furthermore, using a logical assertion language that is also more powerful than the logic of Presburger arithmetic, we present a class of correctness formulas over such programs that also has a decidable validity problem.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38164,"journal":{"name":"信息与控制","volume":"65 1","pages":"Pages 18-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80018-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78193758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Normalization and axiomatization for numerical dependencies 数值相关性的归一化和公理化
信息与控制 Pub Date : 1985-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80017-6
John Grant, Jack Minker
{"title":"Normalization and axiomatization for numerical dependencies","authors":"John Grant,&nbsp;Jack Minker","doi":"10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80017-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80017-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We show how to use both horizontal and vertical decomposition to normalize a database schema which contains numerical dependencies. We present a finite set of inference rules for numerical dependencies which is a generalization of the Armstrong axioms. We prove that this set is sound and complete for some special cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38164,"journal":{"name":"信息与控制","volume":"65 1","pages":"Pages 1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80017-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75391275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Sublattices of the polynomial time degrees 多项式时间度的子格
信息与控制 Pub Date : 1985-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80020-6
Klaus Ambos-Spies
{"title":"Sublattices of the polynomial time degrees","authors":"Klaus Ambos-Spies","doi":"10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80020-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80020-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We show that any countable distributive lattice can be embedded in any interval of polynomial time degrees. Furthermore the embeddings can be chosen to preserve the least or the greatest element. This holds for both polynomial time bounded many-one and Turing reducibilities, as well as for all of the common intermediate reducibilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38164,"journal":{"name":"信息与控制","volume":"65 1","pages":"Pages 63-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80020-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91134936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
How to search in history 如何在历史中搜索
信息与控制 Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80045-0
Bernard Chazelle
{"title":"How to search in history","authors":"Bernard Chazelle","doi":"10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80045-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80045-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper considers the problem of granting a dynamic data structure the capability of remembering the situation it held at previous times. We present a new scheme for recording a history of <em>h</em> updates over an ordered set <em>S</em> of <em>n</em> objects, which allows fast neighbor computation at any time in the history. The novelty of the method is to allow the set <em>S</em> to be only partially ordered with respect to queries and the time measure to be multi-dimensional. The generality of the method makes it useful for a number of problems in 3-dimensional geometry. For example, we are able to give fast algorithms for locating a point in a 3-dimensional complex, using linear space, or for finding which of <em>n</em> given points is closest to a query plane. Using a simpler, yet conceptually similar technique, we show that with <em>O</em>(<em>n</em><sup>2</sup>) preprocessing, it is possible to determine in <em>O</em>(log<sup>2</sup> <em>n</em>) time which of <em>n</em> given points in <em>E</em><sup>3</sup> is closest to an arbitrary query point.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38164,"journal":{"name":"信息与控制","volume":"64 1","pages":"Pages 77-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80045-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90494156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 68
Author index for volume 64 第64卷作者索引
信息与控制 Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80049-8
{"title":"Author index for volume 64","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80049-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80049-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38164,"journal":{"name":"信息与控制","volume":"64 1","pages":"Page 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80049-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138416643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Two complete axiom systems for a theory of communicating sequential processes 通信顺序过程理论的两个完备公理系统
信息与控制 Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80048-6
Rocco De Nicola
{"title":"Two complete axiom systems for a theory of communicating sequential processes","authors":"Rocco De Nicola","doi":"10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80048-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80048-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In C. A. R. Hoare, S. D. Brookes, and A. D. Roscoe (1984, <em>J. Assoc. Comput. Mach.</em> <strong>31</strong>(3), 560) an abstract version of Hoare's CSP is defined and a denotational semantics based on the possible failures of processes is given for it. This semantics induces a natural preorder on processes. We define formally this preorder and prove that it can be characterized as the smallest relation satisfying a particular set of axioms. The characterization sheds lights on problems arising from the way divergence and underspecification are handled. After small changes to the semantic domains we propose a new semantics which is closer to the operational intuitions and suggests a possible solution to the above problems. Finally we give an axiomatic characterization for the equivalence induced by the new semantics which leads to fully abstract models in the sense of Scott.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38164,"journal":{"name":"信息与控制","volume":"64 1","pages":"Pages 136-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80048-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86345975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Pseudorandom number generation and space complexity 伪随机数生成与空间复杂度
信息与控制 Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80043-7
Merrick Furst, Richard Lipton, Larry Stockmeyer
{"title":"Pseudorandom number generation and space complexity","authors":"Merrick Furst,&nbsp;Richard Lipton,&nbsp;Larry Stockmeyer","doi":"10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80043-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80043-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38164,"journal":{"name":"信息与控制","volume":"64 1","pages":"Pages 43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80043-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91233849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Propositional dynamic logic of flowcharts 流程图的命题动态逻辑
信息与控制 Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80047-4
D. Harel, R. Sherman
{"title":"Propositional dynamic logic of flowcharts","authors":"D. Harel,&nbsp;R. Sherman","doi":"10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80047-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80047-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Following a suggestion of Pratt, we consider propositional dynamic logic in which programs are nondeterministic finite automata over atomic programs and tests (i.e., flowcharts), rather than regular expressions. While the resulting version of PDL, call it APDL, is clearly equivalent in expressive power to PDL, it is also (in the worst case) exponentially more succinct. In particular, deciding its validity problem by reducing it to that of PDL leads to a double exponential time procedure, although PDL itself is decidable in exponential time. We present an elementary combined proof of the completeness of a simple axiom system for APDL and decidability of the validity problem in exponential time. The results are thus stronger than those for PDL, since PDL can be encoded in APDL with no additional cost, and the proofs simpler, since induction on the structure of programs is virtually eliminated. Our axiom system for APDL relates to the PDL system just as Floyd's proof method for partial correctness relates to Hoare's.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38164,"journal":{"name":"信息与控制","volume":"64 1","pages":"Pages 119-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0019-9958(85)80047-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72865924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 33
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