Voprosy Prakticheskoi Pediatrii最新文献

{"title":"Side effects of lidocaine in outpatient pediatrics","authors":"M. A. Udaltsov, K. V. Pshenisnov, Y. Aleksandrovich, V. A. Kaziakhmedov, V. Esikov, I. V. Aleksandrovich","doi":"10.20953/1817-7646-2023-2-116-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2023-2-116-122","url":null,"abstract":"Lidocaine poisoning with parenteral administration, accompanied by systemic toxic effects, is quite rare in pediatric practice, but even single cases may cause the development of critical conditions that require treatment in the intensive care unit. Objective. To demonstrate a clinical case of severe lidocaine poisoning in two children and the main measures to stabilize the condition of patients with overdoses of local anesthetics. The article presents the basic historical data on the creation of lidocaine, its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in children. The maximum single dose was indicated based on the patient's weight. The main principles of intensive therapy for lidocaine poisoning in children were considered, and the algorithm of actions in the development of a life-threatening state was provided. Special attention was paid to the use of the «lipid rescue protocol» in hemodynamic disorders and cardiac arrest. Conclusion. When prescribing local anesthetics in children, one should take into account the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the child, the age characteristics of the pharmacological effects of the drugs, and the maximum permissible single dose, which will prevent the occurrence of iatrogenic life-threatening complications. Key words: lidocaine, poisoning, systemic toxic effects, intensive care, pediatric","PeriodicalId":38157,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Prakticheskoi Pediatrii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67750957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological properties and symbiotic relationships of human bifidobacteria","authors":"A. I. Khavkin, O. Bukharin, N. B. Perunova, E. Ivanova, S. Sitkin","doi":"10.20953/1817-7646-2023-2-54-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2023-2-54-64","url":null,"abstract":"Bifidobacteria, despite more than a century of research history, attract the attention of researchers. Currently, more than 100 species of the Bifidobacterium genus, belonging to the Actinomycetota phylum, have been described. An analysis of the biological properties of bifidobacteria during the formation of symbiotic relationships with the human host revealed several functional clusters, among which one group of bifidobacteria is involved in the cytokine balance, the second recognizes microsymbionts, protecting the biotope from pathogens, and the third supports the barrier function of enterocytes and colonocytes. This ensures optimal functioning of the intestinal biotope. The proven properties of bifidobacteria expand the range of their clinical use as new biological products and functional foods for dysbiosis correction, considering the physiological \"specialization\" of various Bifidobacterium strains. Key words: Bifidobacterium, Actinomycetota phylum, intestinal microbiome, dysbiosis, probiotics, functional foods","PeriodicalId":38157,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Prakticheskoi Pediatrii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67751317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of phytotherapy for viral respiratory infections with cough in children","authors":"N. Geppe, N. Kolosova, S. Shatalina, D.A. Sazanova","doi":"10.20953/1817-7646-2023-2-45-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2023-2-45-53","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants have been used for centuries, and in recent years their application has occupied a significant niche due to ongoing clinical research with herbal products developed using phytoneering techniques. Objective. This open-label comparative observational clinical study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Bronchipret®, a complex herbal medicine with mucoactive and anti-inflammatory effects, for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) accompanied by cough in children compared to Ambroxol. Patients and methods. A total of 60 children aged 2–12 years old (mean age: 4.3 ± 1.6 years) with clinical signs of ARIs and acute bronchitis were examined. All children were divided into two groups: the study group (group 1, n = 35) received Bronchipret® syrup in age-appropriate doses; the comparison group (group 2, n = 25) received Ambroxol syrup in ageappropriate doses. The duration of treatment was 10 days. Clinical manifestations of the disease (temperature, cough, respiratory sounds) were evaluated in points before the beginning of treatment, after 5 and 10 days. Computer bronchophonography (CBPG) was used to assess external respiratory function (ERF). Results. There were no significant differences between the groups at baseline. Both groups showed positive dynamics against the background of treatment. In group 1, 80% of the children (n = 27) had no cough, while 20% (n = 7) had residual cough (0.33 ± 0.1 points) by the 10th day of treatment. In group 2, cough resolved in 64% of the children (n = 16) by day 10 of treatment, and 36% had an occasional wet cough during the day. All children had no nocturnal cough. Computer bronchophonography in both groups revealed normalization of the parameters of acoustic component of the respiratory function (ACRF) in the low-, medium-, and high-frequency ranges, indicating a decrease in inflammation in the respiratory tract. Conclusion. The use of Bronchipret® in acute respiratory infections with cough in children is not inferior in effectiveness to Ambroxol and is well tolerated. Key words: children, acute respiratory infections, cough, phytotherapy, Bronchipret®","PeriodicalId":38157,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Prakticheskoi Pediatrii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67751419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The modern management of Grave’s disease in children","authors":"I. Zhurtova, A. Gubachikova, M. Elgarova, M.S. Taova","doi":"10.20953/1817-7646-2023-3-116-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2023-3-116-121","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperthyroidism is a pathological condition characterized by over production of thyroid hormones (thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)) by the thyroid gland. The most often cause of hyperthyroidism in children is a diffuse toxic goiter (GD) with typical laboratory changes in blood and severe clinical duration. Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism in children are similar with adults, but in children we can find accelerated growth rates, increased fatigue and decreased academic performance. The article presents up-to-date data on the management of pediatric patients with GD with references to the 2022 clinical guidelines of the European Thyroid Association for the management of Graves' disease in children. Key words: hyperthyroidism, childhood , diffuse toxic goiter, thyroid gland","PeriodicalId":38157,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Prakticheskoi Pediatrii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67752466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Familial hypercholesterolemia in pediatric practice","authors":"Y. Zaripova, O. L. Igo, E.G. Mikhaylovskaya, N. B. Guseva, S. S. Nikitin, M. A. Mushkatina, T. Varlamova, V. Korneva","doi":"10.20953/1817-7646-2023-3-127-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2023-3-127-132","url":null,"abstract":"Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a hereditary disease characterized by elevated levels of low-density lipoproteins, early onset and progressive course of atherosclerosis (usually at a young age), and high risk of cardiovascular complications. Detection of mutations in family members enables the diagnosis of FH. However, approximately 20% of FH patients are tested negative for the FH-associated mutations. This results in a delayed diagnosis and late therapy initiation, especially in children. Therefore, raising awareness about FH both among healthcare professionals and in the society is very important. Key words: children, lipid-lowering therapy, familial hypercholesterolemia, screening, registry","PeriodicalId":38157,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Prakticheskoi Pediatrii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67752579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the treatment of inflammatory and infectious respiratory diseasesin conditions of changes in the circulation patterns of seasonal pathogens","authors":"A. Gorelov, O. Kalyuzhin, S. Ryazantsev, M. Savenkova, E. Melekhina, A. V. Gurov","doi":"10.20953/1817-7646-2023-3-137-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2023-3-137-149","url":null,"abstract":"Every year, acute and chronic infectious diseases of the respiratory tract maintain their leading positions in terms of incidence and the magnitude of the damage caused both in the world and in the Russian Federation. The problem of respiratory infections is most relevant in children due to high prevalence of these diseases and increased risk of complications and development of chronic forms. In the last six months of the COVID-19 pandemic and after its completion, сertain peculiarities of circulation of respiratory pathogens have been noted, which complicate the choice of treatment tactics. The high polyetiologicity of acute respiratory diseases, the existence of unidentified and poorly studied pathogens, the frequent occurrence of mixed respiratory tract infections reduce the possibilities for the effective use of etiotropic therapy. In these conditions, an important role is assigned to means that activate the body's own innate and adaptive immune mechanisms to fight infection, such as bacterial lysate medicines. Objective: Generalization of relevant data on the current features of circulation of respiratory pathogens based on weekly monitoring and epidemiological studies and the development of algorithms for the treatment of patient with various acute and chronic inflammatory and infectious respiratory diseases. Key words: acute respiratory infections, COVID-19 pandemic, 2022–2023 epidemic season, sore throat, chronic tonsillitis, adenoiditis, treatment algorithms, bacterial lysate medicines","PeriodicalId":38157,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Prakticheskoi Pediatrii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67753239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of intranasal interferon alpha-2b medicine in the complex treatment of children with thermal burn injury","authors":"E. Galova, G.S. Trifonova, V. V. Krasnov, D. A. Pimenov","doi":"10.20953/1817-7646-2023-2-37-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2023-2-37-44","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To assess the effect of intranasal recombinant interferon alpha-2b medicine (IFN-α2b, Grippferon) in the complex treatment of children with thermal burn injury based on the changes in the clinical parameters and the levels of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines in saliva. Patients and methods. The study included two groups of children with thermal burn injury that were comparable by gender, age and burn injury type. Main group patients (Group I, n = 20) received recombinant human IFN-α2b medicine intranasally in addition to the basic treatment, whereas the control group patients (Group II, n = 20) were given only the basic therapy. The results were compared with data of 20 healthy children (healthy controls). The levels of IFN-α2, IFN-γ, IL-1a, -1b, -4, -5, -6, -10, TNF-α and TNF-β were measured during follow-up visits on days 1 and 10 in the hospital. Results were analysed using Statistica 6.0 software. Null hypotheses were rejected at p < 0.05. Results. Our findings reveal that the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in all patients were lower, than those in healthy controls (p < 0.050), except for IL-6 and IL-10, whose levels increased (p = 0.001 and p = 0.012, respectively). The levels of mediators correlated with the burn area and depth (0.031 ≤ p ≤ 0.050). The use of intranasal recombinant IFN-α2b medicine was associated with a less pronounced imbalance in the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and ensured a 20% reduction in the absolute risk of acute respiratory viral disease (χ2 = 4,44, p = 0,035). Conclusion. Thermal burn injury in children can compromise the immunological homeostasis, manifested by changes in the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in mixed unstimulated saliva. Intranasal recombinant IFN-α2b medicine (Grippferon) has an immunomodulatory effect and can be recommended as a part of complex treatment of children with thermal burn injury for the prevention of acute respiratory viral diseases. Keywords: burn, thermal burn injury, cytokines, interferon alpha-2b, Grippferon, prevention, acute respiratory viral infections","PeriodicalId":38157,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Prakticheskoi Pediatrii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67751665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of the spray parameters of nasal sprays containing antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictive components","authors":"S. Gribanova, V. Yankova, O. Gobyzov, M. Ryabov, A. Karpova, S. Kedik, I. Udyanskaya, V. Grigorieva, I. I. Krasnyuk (jr.), T. Slonskaya, A. Zhukova, L. Simonyan","doi":"10.20953/1817-7646-2023-3-75-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2023-3-75-82","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To compare spraying parameters of two multicomponent nasal sprays, Polydexa with phenylephrine (Polydexa with PE) and its generic, to choose the spary with an optimal quality of spraying. Materials and methods. We used a silicone model of the nasal cavity (Koken Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) to analyze spray distribution in the nasal cavity. A planar simulation model (a plate for thin-layer chromatography “silica gel 60 without fluorescence”) was used to assess spraying parameters and width. Dynamic characteristics of spraying and the dispersed composition of sprays were evaluated using shadow photography. Results. We evaluated the distribution of the spray dose in the nasal cavity using the silicone nose model. We compared dose distribution between the two sprays studied using both full and half-filled bottles. We assessed the breadth and homogeneity of the spray by analyzing the track on a planar simulation model. Shadow photography was used to evaluate the dynamic spraying characteristics, such as total duration, duration of the individual stages of spraying, spray-cone angle, as well as dispersion characteristics, including mean particle sizes and particle size distributions. Conclusion. Experiments with the silicone nose model demonstrated that Polydexa with PE creates a larger area of spray distribution than generic, which indicates its better coverage of the nasal mucosa. Сomparison of the dynamic spraying characteristics showed a significant difference between the two sprays studied caused by differences in the design of their vials. The dispersed compositions of both sprays were similar, although Polydexa with PE produced a more homogeneous and finely dispersed spray than generic. Comparison of the shape and area of the spraying track on a planar simulation model showed a wide but uneven spraying of generic and a narrow, dense and homogenous one of Polydexa with PE. Key words: nasal spray, silicone nose model, shadow photography, spraying characteristics, neomycin, polymyxin B, dexamethasone, phenylephrine","PeriodicalId":38157,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Prakticheskoi Pediatrii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67753081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infant mortality in the Moscow Region: analysis of the overall situation, main trends, and prospects for reduction","authors":"N. Odinaeva, N. I. Zakharova, O. Serova, A. Petrova, L. Malyutina, V. L. Krikunova, E. Brezhneva","doi":"10.20953/1817-7646-2023-1-95-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2023-1-95-102","url":null,"abstract":"The analytic data on monitoring infant mortality in the Moscow region and an analysis of its causes in 2019, 2020 and 2021 are presented on the article. The early neonatal period accounts for 25–29% of all infant deaths. The late neonatal period accounts for 22–26%. At the age of 1 month to a year are 50% of all infant deaths. No trend was found in changing the age structure within 3 years. There is a decrease in infant mortality by 16.4% in 2021 compared to 2019. The causes of death of children are estimated, among which certain conditions that occur in the perinatal period are in the lead. The steady decline in infant mortality, including in the most significant group of newborns, is due to the development of the neonatological service in the Moscow region within the framework of a three-level system for organizing medical care for women and children. Newly opened perinatal centers had an impact on the reduction of neonatal mortality in the Moscow region. Key words: neonatology, perinatology, infant mortality, post-neonatal period","PeriodicalId":38157,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Prakticheskoi Pediatrii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67750937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological features of respiratory diseases in children and adolescents before the pandemic of new coronavirus infection in Udmurtia","authors":"P.V. Pupkov, T. Kovalenko, A.D. Yuditsky, E. A. Kudrina","doi":"10.20953/1817-7646-2023-2-7-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2023-2-7-13","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To study the epidemiological features of respiratory diseases in children and adolescents before the COVID-19 pandemic in Udmurtia. Materials and methods. Epidemiological parameters of respiratory diseases in children and adolescents in Udmurtia (prevalence, morbidity, mortality, disability) in the period before COVID-19 pandemic from 2010 to 2019 according to the reporting forms of federal statistical observation No. 12, 14, 19. The polynomial regression was used for the prognosis of the level of prevalence and incidence of respiratory diseases in children by 2024. Results. The prevalence of respiratory diseases in the region decreased significantly between 2010 and 2019 (p < 0.05): aged 0–14 years from 1642.4 (95% CI 1638.3–1646.5) to 1452.1 (95% CI 1449.1–1455.1), aged 15–17 years, from 925.7 (95% CI 924.7–926.8) to 871.8 (95% CI 870.5–873.0) per 1000 children of relevant age. The prognosed prevalence rate by 2024 was 1,080.7 per 1,000 children aged 0–14 (R2 = 0.95) and 874.7 (R2 = 0.34) per 1,000 adolescents aged 15–17. A decrease of ARVI (p < 0.05) was registered at the age of 0–14 years with an average annual rate of decline of 1.2%.The incidence of pneumonia increased (p < 0.05) indicators: aged 0–14 years – from 10.6 (95% CI 10.1–11.0) to 14.7 (95% CI 14.2–15.2) per 1000 children, 15–17 years from 2.4 (95% CI 2.2–2.6) to 7.1 (95% CI 6.8–7.4) in 1000 population. The prognosed incidence of pneumonia by 2024 in children 0–14 years old was 21.3 (R2 = 0.60), in adolescents – 10.1 in 1000 population of appropriate age (R2 = 0.62). Conclusion. There is a significant trend in reducing the prevalence and morbidity of respiratory diseases in children over the past decade before the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection in Udmurtia. Keywords: prevalence, respiratory diseases, pneumonia, COVID-19","PeriodicalId":38157,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Prakticheskoi Pediatrii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67752151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}