Hungarian Geographical Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Estimating relative sunshine duration from commonly available meteorological variables for simulating biome distribution in the Carpathian Region","authors":"Z. Szelepcsényi, H. Breuer, N. Fodor","doi":"10.15201/hungeobull.71.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.71.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Bright sunshine duration (BSD) data are required for simulating biomes using process-based vegetation models. However, monthly global paleoclimate datasets that can be used in paleo data–model comparisons do not necessarily contain BSD or radiation data. Considering the theoretical and practical aspects, the scheme of Yin, X. (1999) is here recommended to estimate monthly time series of relative BSD using only monthly climate and location data. As a case study for the Carpathian Region, the efficiency of both the original and a variant of that scheme is analysed in this paper. The alternative scheme has high applicability in paleoenvironmental studies. Comparison of the estimated and observed BSD data shows that from May to August, the value of relative root mean squared error in more than 90 percent of the study area does not exceed the threshold of 20 percent, indicating an excellent performance of the original estimation scheme. It is also found that though the magnitude of overestimation for the alternative algorithm is significant in the winter period, the proposed method performs similarly well in the growing season as the original. Furthermore, concerning modelling the distribution of biomes, simulation experiments are performed to assess the effects of modifying some configuration settings: (a) the generation of relative BSD data, and (b) the algorithm used to create quasi-daily weather data from the monthly values. Under both the recent humidity conditions of the study region and the spatial resolution of the climate dataset used, the results can be considered sufficiently robust, regardless of the configuration settings tested. Thus, using monthly temperature and precipitation climatologies, the spatial distribution of biomes can be properly simulated with the configuration settings proposed here.","PeriodicalId":38149,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Geographical Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48079727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duančić, V.: Geography and Nationalist Visions of Interwar Yugoslavia","authors":"Matteo Proto","doi":"10.15201/hungeobull.71.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.71.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38149,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Geographical Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47042196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Border divergence or convergence in the context of integration: A case study of the Russian-Belarusian and Russian-Kazakhstan borderlands","authors":"K. Morachevskaya, M. Karpenko, A. Sebentsov","doi":"10.15201/hungeoobull.71.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15201/hungeoobull.71.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"A state level integration process should first and foremost have a positive impact on the border areas. The current Russian-Belarusian and Russian-Kazakhstan borders acquired the status of ‘state borders’ in 1991 as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union. While Russia and Belarus immediately embarked on the path of integration in the 1990s, effectively cancelling border controls, Russia and Kazakhstan were forced to resolve border security issues by strengthening their border and establishing customs control processes. The launch of the Customs Union in 2010 partially removed the existing trade contradictions, and the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in 2015 significantly strengthened interstate interactions. However, despite the declared integration, it could not compensate for the dividing role of the border which separates the diverging political, legal, and economic spaces of the three countries. The purpose of this study is to determine whether divergence or convergence occurs in the considered border regions, as seen through the prism of demographic, ethno-cultural and economic changes. We rely on the results of a multi-year field research in various regions of the Russian-Belarusian and Russian-Kazakhstan borderland (2014–2018), data from official statistics, and some conclusions based on the authors’ findings as part of their work on previous collective research projects. We found out that demographic processes became one of the reasons, as well as the main driver of divergence. The active depopulation evidently decreased the potential for cross-border cooperation (especially at the local level). The Russian-Belarusian borderland is still rather homogeneous in sociocultural sense, and the border between Russia and Kazakhstan is characterized by an increase in ethno-cultural divergence. The post-Soviet period of nation-building in Kazakhstan was a period of the revival of the national language and kazakhization of the public space. Our analysis demonstrates the crucial importance of path dependence in the economic cooperation on the whole and in the specialization of interregional interactions. We observed both autonomization and absence of cross-border cohesion in the economic sphere, and in many cases, we saw examples of competition.","PeriodicalId":38149,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Geographical Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41710230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fuerst-Bjeliš, B. and Glamuzina, N.: The Historical Geography of Croatia: Territorial Change and Cultural Landscapes","authors":"A. Vadas, G. Demeter, Dénes Sokcsevits","doi":"10.15201/hungeobull.70.4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.70.4.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38149,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Geographical Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42882763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kocsis, K., Kovács, Z., Nemerkényi, Zs., Gercsák, G., Kincses, Á. and Tóth, G. (eds.): National Atlas of Hungary Vol. 3: Society","authors":"Peter C. Jordan","doi":"10.15201/hungeobull.70.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.70.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38149,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Geographical Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46782942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residential suburbanisation in the hinterland of Bratislava – a case study of municipalities in the Austrian border area","authors":"Renáta Farkas, Michal Klobučník","doi":"10.15201/hungeobull.70.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.70.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an overview of the process of residential suburbanisation in the hinterland of Bratislava. The study focuses on the municipalities around the Austrian border area. The main aim of the paper is to investigate the characteristics of cross-border suburbanisation, which is a significant spatial phenomenon in the municipalities of northern Burgenland and the south-eastern part of Lower Austria. The analysis has a spatio-temporal dimension, as it depicts the time-space characteristics of the phenomenon – both for a single time point, as well as for a time series from the approximate beginning of the onset of suburbanisation up to the present. While monitoring the growth of the number of Slovaks in the study area, we observed a gradual increase in all the selected municipalities of the Austrian border area, with the distance from Bratislava being a significant factor here. The analysis of migration in the surveyed municipalities showed predominantly positive migration efficiency – immigration was negated by emigration only to a small extent (compared to suburbanisation in the Slovak hinterland of Bratislava, which is, however, relatively high). The structural characteristics of Slovak immigrants, where the younger age group of 30 to 44 years followed by a child component up to 14 years predominated, attest to the ongoing process of suburbanisation. The research confirmed the advancing residential suburbanisation and expansion of the cross-border suburban hinterland of Bratislava.","PeriodicalId":38149,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Geographical Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47444300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of temperature and the NAO index in the changing snow-related variables in European regions in the period 1900-2010","authors":"A. Kis, R. Pongrácz","doi":"10.15201/hungeobull.70.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.70.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Snow-related variables are analysed in the present paper in the period 1901‒2010 on the basis of the ERA-20C dataset. Relationships between different snow characteristics, temperature and the NAO index are investigated on monthly, yearly and decadal scales for eight regions within Europe representing different climatic types (i.e. oceanic, continental, polar) to analyse the differences and similarities between them depending on the climatic conditions. According to our results, the ratio of snow (i.e. snowfall compared to total precipitation) can reach 1 in winter in the colder, northern regions, whereas it is about 0.6 in the continental areas of Central Europe, even in the coldest months. During a strong positive phase of NAO more snow falls in the northern regions of Europe due to the large-scale circulation characteristics. When a negative NAO phase occurs, the temperature and snowfall anomalies are the opposite in northern Europe. The highest temperature values generally occurred after 2000, and the snowfall amount was smaller in the first decades of the 21st century compared to the previous decades. The relationship between temperature and snowfall is the strongest in autumn in the colder regions; in spring in the continental areas and in winter in the oceanic climate.","PeriodicalId":38149,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Geographical Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43114684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural reduction of Ukraine’s population: Regional dimensions of the national threat","authors":"Myroslav Dnistrianskyi, J. Molnár, I. Chaika","doi":"10.15201/hungeobull.70.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.70.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"A significant decline in Ukraine’s population is mainly due to its natural decrease, which began in the 1970s and 1980s in the rural areas and had been determined by the objective trends in demographic transition, the inertia effect of the demographic losses in the past and the social policy of the political regime at that time. Likewise, the social and economic crisis of the 1990s deepened the depopulation processes. In the present research, correlation analysis demonstrated a relationship between the current dimensions of natural population decline and a number of socio-demographic factors (proportion of the rural population, mean age of the population, divorce rate and the mean age at first marriage). In recent years, the effects of the demographic crisis have been particularly acute in North-eastern and Central Ukraine, due to the deepening disproportions in the age and sex structures of the population. However, in the capital of Ukraine, Kyiv, and in some western regions, the natural decrease in population is less acute because of more balanced social and demographic indicators. Although religious and ethnic factors contribute to some extent to greater natural population growth, especially in the western and south-western regions, their impact on the processes of population reproduction in Ukraine is generally not significant. To sum up, in order to stop natural population decline in Ukraine, it is important to ensure more favourable conditions for demographic development in the economic, social, informational and cultural spheres of society. Furthermore, in areas of acute demographic crisis, it is important to raise the issue of rural reconstruction involving a variety of organisational and economic mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":38149,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Geographical Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44049552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green infrastructure-based hydrological modelling, a comparison between different urban districts, through the case of Szeged, Hungary","authors":"Á. K. Csete, Á. Gulyás","doi":"10.15201/hungeobull.70.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.70.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the climate uncertainties caused by climate change and the growing urban areas, today’s cities face new environmental challenges. The impervious artificial elements change the urban water cycle. Urban districts with inadequate water infrastructure and treatment can be a major source of environmental risks, like urban flash floods. Modern cities need to be prepared for the changing environment in a sustainable way, which can be realised with the help of green infrastructure. The primary role of the green infrastructure is mitigation, such as surface runoff reduction and retainment. The aim of our research is to examine urban district scale data about the role of green infrastructure in urban water management. Hydrological models can provide adequate data about the surface runoff, infiltration and the mitigating effect of vegetation (interception and evaporation). We compared two significantly different urban districts (downtown and housing estate area), based on land cover and vegetation data. The analysis of the districts of Szeged (Hungary) suggests that the vegetation can significantly contribute to the reduction of surface runoff. Differences between these urban districts can be quantified, thus, these data can serve as a basis for urban water management planning processes.","PeriodicalId":38149,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Geographical Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47657494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bottlik, Zs., Berki, M. and Jobbitt, S. (eds.): Power and Identity in the Post-Soviet Realm: Geographies of Ethnicity and Nationality after 1991","authors":"G. White","doi":"10.15201/hungeobull.70.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.70.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38149,"journal":{"name":"Hungarian Geographical Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48123112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}