Revista de Estudios Norteamericanos最新文献

{"title":"Shakespeare’s dramatic pattern of social change in Saroyan’s the time of your life.","authors":"Mufeed Al-abdullah","doi":"10.12795/ren.2019.i23.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12795/ren.2019.i23.02","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Saroyan’s The Time of Your Life (1939) employs a similar dramatic pattern of social change used in Shakespeare’s The Tempest (1611). In Shakespeare, the pattern includes the isolation of a group of characters by washing them up onto the reformer’s island by a magical tempest arranged by the reformer Prospero. He thus severs the characters from their community, and separates them on the island to undergo different healing experiences before going back to their society. Saroyan adopts a comparable, though highly modified, pattern in his play. He mainly focuses on the efforts of a reformer, who tries to help a group of depressed characters who gather in a bar, which is similar to Prospero’s island, in order to escape the difficulties of the outside world. The bar is a haven of peace surrounded by the atrocities of the urban world. In both cases there is a devoted reformer, who dedicates himself to helping his subjects.  The paper aims to study the similarities of the dramatic pattern, and shows that underlying these similarities, there are major differences that reflect the cultural divergence of the twentieth century culture from that of the Renaissance. The study means to illustrate that the alterations Saroyan rendered on Shakespeare’s model helps the reader understand the meaning and the age of the modern play and, simultaneously, sheds further light on the Shakespearean play and the Renaissance in general.  RESUMEN: El Tiempo de Tu Vida de Saroyan (1939) emplea un patron dramatico similar de cambio social al usado en La Tempestad de Shakespeare (1611).  En Shakespeare, el patron incluye el aislamiento de un grupo de personajes al hacerlos naufragar en la isla del reformador mediante una tempestad magica organizada por el reformador Prospero. De este modo, aisla a los personajes de su comunidad y los separa en la isla para experimentar diferentes experiencias de curacion antes de regresar a su sociedad. Saroyan adopta un patron comparable, aunque altamente modificado, en su obra. Se centra principalmente en los esfuerzos de un reformador que trata de ayudar a un grupo de personajes deprimidos que se reunen en un bar, que es similar a la isla de Prospero, para escapar de las dificultades del mundo exterior. El bar es un remanso de paz rodeado de las atrocidades del mundo urbano. En ambos casos hay un devoto reformador que se dedica a ayudar a sus subditos. El documento tiene como objetivo estudiar las similitudes del patron dramatico y muestra que, subyacentes a estas similitudes, existen diferencias importantes que reflejan la divergencia entre la cultura del siglo XX y la del Renacimiento. El estudio pretende ilustrar que las alteraciones que Saroyan presento en el modelo de Shakespeare ayudan al lector a comprender el significado y la epoca de la obra moderna y, al mismo tiempo, arroja mas luz sobre la obra de Shakespeare y el Renacimiento en general.","PeriodicalId":38126,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Norteamericanos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66093009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban indians in the short fiction of Sherman Alexie.","authors":"Aitor Ibarrola-Armendariz","doi":"10.12795/ren.2019.i23.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12795/ren.2019.i23.10","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Although we still think of American Indians as riding horses, paddling canoes or hunting buffalo, the fact is that three out of four Native Americans now live in cities. The migration from the backwoods and reservations to the big metropolises began late in the 19th century, but only gained great momentum after World War II. While Sherman Alexie’s early fiction focused on the tribulations faced by American Indians on reservations, by the turn of the new millennium he was portraying the experiences of the Native diaspora in urban areas. In the two collections of short stories The Toughest Indian in the World (2000) and Ten Little Indians (2003), Alexie captures the more complex and unpredictable relationships that Native Americans build in diverse and fluid urban spaces. These new relationships are often marked by feelings of loss (of tribal bonds), alienation (from other human groups), nostalgia, ambition, and other psycho-social diseases. Helped by the ideas of experts such as James Clifford, Donald Fixico, Susan Lobo, and David Rice, this article explores the significant transformations and identity crises experienced by American Indians in urban contexts. RESUMEN Aunque solemos pensar en los indios americanos montando a caballo y cazando bufalos, lo cierto es que tres de cada cuatro viven ahora en ciudades. Las migraciones desde las zonas agrestes y las reservas hacia las metropolis comenzaron a finales del siglo XIX, pero solo se consolidaron a partir de la 2a Guerra Mundial. Si bien las primeras obras de Sherman Alexie se centraban en los problemas de los indios en las reservas, con la llegada del nuevo milenio sus relatos pasan a retratar la experiencia de la diaspora nativa en las grandes urbes. En las dos colecciones de relatos The Toughest Indian in the World (2000) and Ten Little Indians (2003), Alexie describe las complejas y volatiles relaciones que los indios establecen en los fluidos y variados espacios urbanos. Estas nuevas relaciones se ven marcadas por sentimientos de perdida (de lazos tribales), alienacion (frente a otros grupos humanos), nostalgia, ambicion y otras afecciones psico-sociales. Con la ayuda de las ideas de expertos como James Clifford, Donald Fixico, Susan Lobo, and David Rice, este articulo analiza las profundas transformaciones y problemas de identidad experimentados por los indios en estos entornos urbanos.","PeriodicalId":38126,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Norteamericanos","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66093828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}