Water and Ecology最新文献

{"title":"SCALE AND LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF OKA RIVER BASIN POLLUTION","authors":"R. Dzhamalov, K. Vlasov, V. Y. Grigorev, K. G. Galagur, O. Reshetnyak, T. Safronova","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.2.40-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.2.40-53","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. This article addresses the long-term dynamics of Oka River basin pollution. The basin serves as the main source of drinking water and a receiver of wastewater from a number of regions in European Russia. Methods. We assessed the water quality by 12 main hydrochemical indicators and constructed maps of their distribution with a breakdown into two periods (1990–1999 and 2000–2017). The anthropogenic load along the section in the city of Gorbatov was determined. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients and their statistical significance were calculated. Results. For 18 gauging stations with 25 and more years of observations, the magnitude of the linear trend (%/year) was estimated using the Theil–Sen estimator, and the statistical significance of the linear trend (Mann–Kendall test) was assessed for individual stations and the entire basin, using a modified Walker test. The runoff of pollutants from the urban territory was estimated between the sections upstream and downstream the cities in the upper reaches of the Oka River basin. The volumes of pollutants in the Oka River from the cities of Orel, Belev and Kaluga were determined for the period of 1990–2017. The calculations of the pollutant runoff, performed between the sections upstream and downstream the cities, made it possible to determine the role of the cities in the formation of point pollution in the upper reaches of the Oka River. The anthropogenic load along the length of the river in terms of the influx of chemicals varies from “low” to “high”. The load is largely due to the intake of pollutants since water bodies and watercourses serve as receivers of both treated and insufficiently treated wastewater from various enterprises. Conclusion. Almost throughout the basin, the water quality is under stress. The statistical analysis showed the existing relationship between a certain type of land use and the concentration of substances in surface waters. It was revealed that the self-cleaning capacity of the river is sufficient to prevent pollutants from accumulating along it.","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43912024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR MONITORING AIR POLLUTION FROM VEHICLES (CASE STUDY OF ST. PETERSBURG)","authors":"V. Lozhkin, O. Lozhkina","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.2.65-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.2.65-74","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. St. Petersburg is the cultural and sea capital of Russia. The city is characterized by environmental problems typical for the largest cities in the world. It has a technical system for instrumental online monitoring and computational forecasting of air quality. Methods. The system maintains the information process by means of computational monitoring of its current and future state. Results. The paper describes methodological approaches to the generation of instrumental information about the structure and intensity of traffic flows in the urban road network and its digital transformation into GIS maps of air pollution in terms of pollutants standard limit values excess. Conclusion. The original information technology for air quality control was introduced at the regional level in the form of an official methodology and is used in environmental management activities.","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42614509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STATE OF WATER BODIES IN THE AREA OF INFLUENCE OF MINING AND PROCESSING ENTERPRISES (CASE STUDY OF LOVOZERSKY MINING AND PROCESSING PLANT)","authors":"E. Krasavtseva, S. Sandimirov","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.2.3-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.2.3-13","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. This extended study is the first to analyze the chemical composition of the surface waters and bottom sediments of the lakes affected to various extents by Lovozersky Mining and Processing Plant (Revda urban settlement, Murmansk Region) performing mining and processing of rare metal ores. Methods. During the study, we used data obtained in the course of research in 1995–2005 and 2019–2020. Water and bottom sediment samples were analyzed using various methods. The total contents of elements in the bottom sediments were compared with the background values or, in their absence, with the clarke contents of elements in the Earth’s crust. To assess the level of pollution in the Sergevan River receiving wastewater from the plant, the maximum pollution index was calculated. Results. Over the past 35 years, the chemical composition of the surface waters of nearby water bodies underwent minor changes. No significant excess of maximum permissible concentrations for fishery water bodies was found. The comparison of the contents of heavy metals in the bottom sediments collected from Lakes Ilma and Krivoye with the background values revealed contamination of the Lake Ilma with strontium, zinc and manganese. Besides, a multiple excess of the content of rare earth elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd), Nb and Ta was established in the bottom sediments of Lake Ilma in comparison with that in Lake Krivoye. The analysis of the river water samples taken at different distances upstream and downstream the site of wastewater discharge confirmed the assumption about the pollution of the Sergevan River by wastewater from the plant. Conclusion. The pollution of the water bodies is mainly caused by wastewater discharged from the plant, however, the increased content of rare earth elements in the bottom sediments of Lake Ilma may be due to air transport of particles of loparite ore concentration tailings, drainage from tailing dams, or degradation of underlying rocks.","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44591121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE ZIMNYAYA ZOLOTITSA RIVER IN THE AREA OF THE INDIRECT IMPACT OF THE MINING AND PROCESSING PLANT","authors":"N. Klimovskiy, O. Moreva, N. Matveev, A. Novoselov","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.2.54-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.2.54-64","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Medium rivers play an important role in the environment: draining the large catchment area, they determine the water content and quality as well as hydrological conditions in large watercourses. The joint effect of such factors as the small size of these rivers and human activity disturbs the balance of ecosystems, thus increasing the vulnerability of the rivers. Significant negative changes tend to occur faster and stronger in river valleys. Our aim was to study the ecological state of the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa River ecosystem in the area of the indirect impact of wastewater from the mining and processing plant in the Lomonosov diamond field. Methods. In the course of the study, we used the standard methods for determining the main biogenic elements and oil hydrocarbons. Results. The paper provides data on the content of biogenic elements in water, pH value, dissolved oxygen and mineralization, as well as the content of oil hydrocarbons in water and bottom sediments. Conclusion. As a result of the studies, it was found that in the summer observation period, the concentrations of phosphorus, nitrogen and silicon salts as well as oil hydrocarbons did not exceed the maximum allowable values for fishery reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49281349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional standards for wastewater discharge into water bodies of the Russian Federation","authors":"N. Chernikov, V. G. Ivanov","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.2.59-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.2.59-66","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43144384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing the stability of cooling reservoirs’ operation by using selective water intake schemes","authors":"T. Lyubimova, Y. Parshakova, A. Lepikhin, Y. Lyakhin","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.2.45-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.2.45-58","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The paper addresses issues of increasing the stability of cooling reservoirs’ operation at large power plants during periods when extremely high air temperatures occur. These periods are usually very short and last no more than 10 days. As a rule, the water temperature distribution by depth in cooling reservoirs is substantially inhomogeneous: under the surface layer, which is the warmest, there is a near-bottom layer, which is significantly colder. In this regard, during the periods characterized by extreme temperatures, it is proposed to perform selective water intake from the cold nearbottom layers. The authors analyze the hydrodynamic aspects of such a water supply scheme through the example of a cooling reservoir at the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works (MMK PJSC). Methods. Given that it is crucial to consider and analyze the vertical structure of the studied temperature fields, the problem was solved in a three-dimensional setting in a non-hydrostatic approximation. Computational experiments were performed using the ANSYS Fluent package. Results. The authors studied the formation of thermal fields in the cooling reservoir both during the normal operation of the cooling system and in the emergency mode, i.e. at extremely high air temperatures. As one of the measures to ensure the uninterrupted, stable operation of the cooling system under extreme weather conditions, it was proposed to perform selective water intake from the bottom level of the cooling reservoir by deepening the cut-off panels. Conclusions. The proposed scheme of selective water intake from the lower levels of the cooling reservoir makes it possible to ensure the stability of cooling system operation during periods when extremely high air temperatures occur, which last up to 10 days.","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48092219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Влияние климата на работу очистных сооружений канализации г. Новосибирска","authors":"A. V. Kruglikova","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.2.37-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.2.37-44","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44742929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial variability of fouling macroflora of hydraulic structures in various regions of the crimean Black Sea coast","authors":"I. K. Evstigneeva, V. Evstigneev, I. N. Tankovskaya","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.2.67-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.2.67-78","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The macroflora of Black Sea coastal hydraulic structures and its stability under the influence of external factors remains poorly studied. Some published papers present the results of comparative analyses of phytoperiphyton and phytobenthos in several bays of the Sevastopol Region. To enhance the insight into the role of algae in fouling of hydraulic structures in coastal ecosystems, hydrobotanical studies were conducted along the Crimean coast of the Black Sea. Methods. In the summer of 2017, samples were taken at 31 stations in five areas along the Crimean coast from the side wall of beach-retaining hydraulic structures (jetties) using the method of accounting areas. To assess the influence of external factors on the spatial distribution of taxonomic composition, the parametric method of two-way analysis of variance was used. Results. Fouling of coastal structures at 31 stations in five areas was found to contain 101 species of macroalgae, among which Rhodophyta is predominant. The Feldman’s index points out that the studied phytocoenon is close to subtropical flora. The distribution of species by constancy groups was uneven. The significant proportion of random and inactive species indicates significant qualitative diversity of algal fouling in different areas. The absolute number of periphyton species varies considerably both from station to station and between the areas. The average number of species of Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta and the entire community does not change as significantly between the areas as the average number of Ochrophyta species. The study also describes the ecological composition of fouling macroflora. Among the groups with a different frequency of occurrence in the Black Sea, leading species prevail with the maximum absolute number in the south and the maximum relative number in the west. Fouling algae are mainly annual, marine, and oligosaprobic, and their composition is the most diverse in the south-west and south. The species composition of the ecological groups was found to be spatially stable. The two-way analysis of variance showed that such factors as the geographical (spatial) location of a substrate and species attribution to particular divisions have a significant and independent influence on the distribution of the number of species.","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42162050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of mechanism of p-dinitrobenzene adsorption by modified bentonites when water purification in static conditions","authors":"O. Atamanova, E. Tikhomirova, M. Istrashkina, A. A. Podoksenov","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.2.3-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.2.3-11","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The paper provides a rationale for bentonite modification with organic substances to increase its adsorption capacity. The purpose of studying the adsorption mechanism of p-dinitrobenzene on bentonite modified by various methods is to determine such modifications of bentonite that allow for the most efficient removal of this toxic nitro compound from industrial wastewater. Methods. The authors analyzed four variants of bentonite adsorbent: unmodified granular bentonite; carbon nanotube (CNT) modified bentonite after heat treatment at 550 °C; glycerin modified bentonite after heat treatment at 550°C; glycerin and CNT modified bentonite after heat treatment at 550 °C. To determine the type of adsorption of p-dinitrobenzene on the studied sorption materials, the Dubinin– Radushkevich method was used. Results. Basic adsorption characteristics of the four indicated modifications of bentonite with respect to p-dinitrobenzene under static conditions were experimentally obtained. CNT modified bentonite showed the best adsorption characteristics: СОЕ = 1.56 mEq/g; Kd = 0.14 mg/dm3; S = 83.57 %. The constructed isotherms for adsorption of p-dinitrobenzene on modified and unmodified bentonites under static conditions confirmed that CNT modified bentonite after heat treatment at 550 °C has the best adsorption capacity. Unmodified bentonite showed the weakest adsorption capacity. The derived adsorption equations demonstrated that this process can be most accurately described by the Langmuir isotherm. With changes in the experimental temperature from 20 to 60 °C, the values of mean free energy E of adsorption of p-dinitrobenzene vary in the range of 11–20 kJ/mol. Thus, chemisorption is present in the process of adsorption of p-dinitrobenzene by the studied sorption materials.","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45355270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selecting the type and rotation speed of a mixer for efficient mixing of flocculants in water","authors":"A. Grigoreva, R. Abiev","doi":"10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.2.27-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23968/2305-3488.2020.25.2.27-36","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The paper addresses the physico-chemical process of dissolving the particles of solid high molecular weight powder flocculant in water under the action of a centrifugal field generated as a result of mixer operation. Methods. The authors describe equipment and methods to conduct experimental research in laboratory conditions and present an experimental setup used to prepare a concentrated flocculant solution, consisting of a mixer and a cylindrical glass container. Results. It is shown that the selection of the optimal mixer rotation speed is associated with the magnitude of turbulent friction stresses generated by the mixer impeller. A method to calculate the permissible rotation speed of a mixer based on a semi-empirical Prandtl turbulence model has been developed and tested. The paper presents the results of experimental studies on the preparation of concentrated solutions of high molecular weight cationic flocculant GreenLife K40 using various types of mixer impellers. Conclusion. The authors have experimentally demonstrated the efficiency of a new conical impeller compared to standard blade and turbine impellers due to smaller turbulent eddies breaking polymer bonds in a concentrated flocculant solution. A mixer with a conical impeller makes it possible to prepare a flocculant solution 30% faster due to the possibility of mixing at a higher speed with lower energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":38092,"journal":{"name":"Water and Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47066905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}