Food WebsPub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-09-06DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00420
Iury Lemos , Juliano A.S.V. Paes , João Pedro F. Machado , Deborah Cardoso Gonçalves , Pedro Henrique F. Peres , Jeferson L. Sousa Freitas , Thiago B.F. Semedo , Everton B.P. Miranda , Guilherme S.T. Garbino
{"title":"Not all xenarthrans are eaten equally: In savannas, harpy eagles favor armadillos, and their prey show taphonomic signatures similar to those in Amazonia","authors":"Iury Lemos , Juliano A.S.V. Paes , João Pedro F. Machado , Deborah Cardoso Gonçalves , Pedro Henrique F. Peres , Jeferson L. Sousa Freitas , Thiago B.F. Semedo , Everton B.P. Miranda , Guilherme S.T. Garbino","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The harpy eagle (<em>Harpia harpyja</em>) is a top predator inhabiting lowland tropical forests from southern Mexico to northern Argentina. In eastern and southeastern Brazil, its populations are declining due to habitat loss and hunting. While the species' diet is well-documented in rainforests, in non-forested habitats it remains poorly understood. In this study, we analyze diet composition and taphonomic patterns of harpy eagle prey in an ecotone between the Cerrado and Amazonia ecoregions in central Brazil—an atypical habitat for the species. Using osteological material, camera trap data, and molecular analyses, we identified prey remains and assessed bone damage patterns. Our findings reveal that the harpy eagle's diet in this region differs from previous studies in tropical forests. We identified 42 individuals of seven prey species, with armadillos dominating the diet, contributing 88.2 % of the total biomass, being 74 % <em>Cabassous squamicaudis</em> and 11 % <em>Euphractus sexcinctus</em>. Additionally, molecular analyses confirmed predation on a brocket deer, an unusual record of harpy eagles preying on terrestrial ungulates. Taphonomic analysis revealed that most crania and synsacral elements showed minor damage or only a few missing bones, suggesting prey-specific processing behaviors. These findings provide new insights into the harpy eagle's dietary flexibility and behavioral adaptations in non-forest environments. Our study highlights the importance of habitat-specific diet research for conservation planning and species management, particularly in regions undergoing rapid habitat loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e00420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food WebsPub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00419
Rafael L. Macêdo , Raphael F. Corrêa , Christina W.C. Branco
{"title":"First microscopic evidence of invasive Ceratium furcoides ingestion by native Asplanchna sieboldii in a tropical reservoir, with a review of zooplankton predators of Ceratium","authors":"Rafael L. Macêdo , Raphael F. Corrêa , Christina W.C. Branco","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biological invasions can impact food web interactions such as predator–prey dynamics, yet examples of native predators controlling non-native prey remain underexplored. Here, we investigate trophic relationships between <em>Ceratium furcoides</em> (Dinophyta) and plausible native zooplanktonic predators in a tropical reservoir. To our knowledge, this is the first visual documentation of <em>C. furcoides</em> ingestion by <em>Asplanchna sieboldii</em> in an invaded ecosystem. Our field data suggest opportunistic predation likely influenced by water level reductions and narrowing of the water column following an anomalous and well-documented drought period in southern Brazil. We recommend that future studies examine samples from other tropical and subtropical reservoirs to identify and report additional zooplankton associations with <em>Ceratium</em> and their specific environmental contexts, thereby supporting the development of potential biocontrol strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e00419"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food WebsPub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-28DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00414
Osvaldo Villarreal , Noelia Sierra-Perdomo , Luis Fernando García
{"title":"Defying the superorganism: Harvestmen escape ant predation","authors":"Osvaldo Villarreal , Noelia Sierra-Perdomo , Luis Fernando García","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predation is a key ecological interaction shaping community dynamics, yet the role of Opiliones in such interactions, particularly with predatory ants, remains poorly understood. In this study, we report laboratory and field encounters between Neotropical Opiliones from two suborders—Eupnoi (2 species, 1 family) and Laniatores (6 species, 5 families)—and predatory ants from the genera <em>Camponotus</em>, <em>Eciton</em>, <em>Labidus</em>, and <em>Solenopsis</em>. Contrary to expectations, Opiliones consistently evaded predation, both in natural settings across regions including the Colombian Andes, the Venezuelan Amazon, and in Uruguay under controlled laboratory conditions. We propose several hypotheses to explain this evasion: the hardness of the Opiliones' chitinous exoskeleton, immobility and chemical defenses, the latter being widely documented within the group. Contrary to expected, chemical defenses were apparently less frequently used than the other defensive strategies. These findings represent novel records of predator-prey interactions between Opiliones and ants in nature, providing a foundation for future research on defensive strategies in harvestmen and their interactions with potential predators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e00414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food WebsPub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-09-08DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00421
Bo-Wen Liu , Jing Wen , Shuai-Fei Ye , Jia-Jia Gu , Ming-Xin Li , Xiao-Bo Xiong , Zong-Zheng Liang , Hong-Tao Wang
{"title":"Soil mesofauna bacterial diversity: Insights from cultured collembolans, enchytraeids, and mites species","authors":"Bo-Wen Liu , Jing Wen , Shuai-Fei Ye , Jia-Jia Gu , Ming-Xin Li , Xiao-Bo Xiong , Zong-Zheng Liang , Hong-Tao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil fauna-associated microbial communities play crucial roles in nutrient cycling, host health, and ecosystem functioning. However, the differences and connections among microbiota of different soil fauna species under identical cultivation conditions remain poorly understood. Our study characterized bacterial communities of six soil fauna species (the collembolans <em>Folsomia candida</em>, <em>Isotomiella minor</em> and <em>Onychiurus yodai</em>; the enchytraeus <em>Enchytraeus crypticus</em>; the oribatid mite <em>Damaeus expinosus</em> and the predatory mite <em>Hypoaspis aculeifer</em>) after three years of standardized cultivation using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. Results revealed distinct microbial community patterns across species. Proteobacteria dominated <em>F. candida</em> (78.4 % relative abundance), while Bacteroidetes were most abundant in <em>I. minor</em> (76.1 %), and Acidobacteria comprised 88.4 % of <em>O. yodai</em>'s microbiota. The predatory mite <em>H. aculeifer</em> harbored twice the microbial diversity of detritivorous species like <em>F. candida</em>, reflecting their trophic position as generalist feeders within soil food webs. Only 0.8 % of OTUs (125 out of 36,719) were shared across all species, with <em>H. aculeifer</em> harboring the most unique OTUs (3143). Co-occurrence network analysis showed predominantly positive microbial interactions, suggesting cooperative relationships within host-associated communities. Our study demonstrates that soil fauna harbor highly specialized microbiota shaped by host ecology and trophic level, even under uniform environmental conditions. These findings provide new insights into soil biodiversity and highlight the potential of fauna-associated microbes as bioindicators for ecosystem health assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e00421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food WebsPub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-07-28DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00413
Helbert Sansão , Werther Pereira Ramalho , Silvana R. Sousa-Barbosa , Alessandro R. Morais
{"title":"Predation of Carollia perspicillata (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) by South American Pepper Frog (Leptodactylus labyrinthicus): unraveling the predator-prey relationship in caves","authors":"Helbert Sansão , Werther Pereira Ramalho , Silvana R. Sousa-Barbosa , Alessandro R. Morais","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reporting predator-prey interactions is useful for understanding the hunting and defense strategies of the species involved, contributing to reducing knowledge gaps in trophic ecology, behavioral ecology, and natural history. Despite the dietary diversity of anurans, documented cases of anurans preying on bats are rare in the literature, particularly in specific environments such as caves. We present observations on the use of cave habitat and foraging behavior of <em>Leptodactylus labyrinthicus</em>, being the first record of bat predation by this frog in natural conditions. A male <em>L</em>. <em>labyrinthicus</em> was observed making successive leaps until it captured an individual of <em>Carollia perspicillata</em> inside the cave. This is the first recorded instance of a species of <em>Leptodactylus</em> actively preying on bats in full flight. We suggest that in caves with low ceilings, where bats fly close to the ground, species like <em>L</em>. <em>labyrinthicus</em> may benefit from the increased ease of capturing prey. The knowledge of the natural history of these species, especially in terms of behavior and predator-prey relationships, should be further explored, and future studies on niche issues should be approached with a greater level of complexity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e00413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food WebsPub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-06-18DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00406
Glauco C.S. Oliveira , Guilherme R. Demetrio , Gabriel C. Jacques , Igor H. Silva , Marcos M. Souza , Antonio D. Brescovit
{"title":"Drinking to the last drop! Record of honeydew consumption by a ghost spider (Araneae: Anyphaenidae) in an urban environment in southeastern Brazil","authors":"Glauco C.S. Oliveira , Guilherme R. Demetrio , Gabriel C. Jacques , Igor H. Silva , Marcos M. Souza , Antonio D. Brescovit","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study documents, for the first time, the consumption of honeydew by a spider of the genus <em>Aysha</em> (Anyphaenidae) in an urban environment in southeastern Brazil. Spiders are generalist predators, but some species exploit non-prey food sources, such as nectar and honeydew. The observation took place on <em>Cinnamomum verum</em>, an exotic tree frequently infested by the leafhopper <em>Aethalion reticulatum</em>, which produces honeydew consumed by various insects. A female <em>Aysha</em> was observed ingesting honeydew droplets trapped on silk threads of a web belonging to an unknown spider located below a colony of <em>A. reticulatum</em>, over three consecutive nights, suggesting that this food resource may represent a supplementary diet, which may benefit the spiders particularly during periods of prey scarcity. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of this resource in spider feeding ecology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e00406"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food WebsPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-04-19DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00399
Fang-Shuo Hu , Yun Hsiao , Alexey Solodovnikov
{"title":"A global citizen science effort via iNaturalist reveals food webs of large predatory rove beetles","authors":"Fang-Shuo Hu , Yun Hsiao , Alexey Solodovnikov","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The behavior of organisms is very difficult to observe and document, especially direct interactions such as predation. As a result, there are few systematic studies of such phenomena on a large scale and the food webs of organisms that are formed by fleeting and opportunistic interactions are largely unknown. Understanding food webs is essential for addressing the Eltonian shortfall in biodiversity knowledge and revealing ecosystem dynamics. The rise of citizen science in recent years offers unique opportunities to study food webs on a global scale, which has been demonstrated for larger animals but not for small ones like insects. Here we explore the potential of iNaturalist as a cost-effective citizen science platform to obtain data about the prey choices of predatory rove beetles (family Staphylinidae) from the subtribe Staphylinina, as an alternative to traditional, labor-intense laboratory studies. We manually mined the dietary evidence of Staphylinina worldwide through over 48,000 observations on iNaturalist and 159 records of predation were found. Our findings show that citizen science data not only supports the published studies, but also provides direct and novel field-based evidence of rove beetle prey specialization with numbers of observations that exceed the amount of previously available data by an order of magnitude. We confirmed that some Staphylinina are generalist predators and discovered that some genera and species exhibit specific prey preferences, as documented by iNaturalist. This approach demonstrates that citizen science platforms offer an innovative, scalable, and cost-effective solution to filling global biodiversity knowledge gaps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e00399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatio-temporal distribution, diet and human conflict of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in the Khunjerab National Park, Gilgit Baltistan","authors":"Saira Akber , Tariq Mahmood , Tahir Mehmood , Amjad Rashid Kayani , Muhammad Sajid Nadeem , Faraz Akrim","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Apex predators play a critical role in ecosystem dynamics, exerting top-down control over prey populations and influencing biodiversity. The current study focused on the distribution, diet menu and human conflict of Snow leopard <em>(Panthera uncia</em>), one of the apex predators in the Khunjerab National Park (KNP), Gilgit-Baltistan. We used camera trapping as well as field survey techniques for determining the distribution of the species in the study area. The diet of snow leopard was investigated through scat analysis while human conflict was investigated through self-designed questionnaires. Results showed that snow leopards are distributed in different areas of the park at various elevations ranging between 3075 m(lowest) and 6293 m (highest). The camera traps captured a total of 20 capture “events or encounters” of snow leopard, among overall 550 photographs taken at various sites. Analysis of these capture data revealed that the activity pattern of snow leopard was bimodal, and it showed peak activity during dawn and dusk times. Scat analysis revealed that snow leopards take 72 % of their diet from wild prey, of which Himalayan Ibex makes up a large portion, and the remaining 28 % from the domestic prey, of which Yak is consumed at a high rate. Questionnaire data analysis revealed that depredation by snow leopard on livestock mostly occurs in the valley locations (88.5 %), with grazing areas accounting for 11.4 % of the total. The attacks occur mostly at night, and in the months of May and June, respectively, In the KNP, apex predators attack yaks by 82.2 %; while depredation rates for sheep, goats, and cows were 8.3 %, 6.25 %, and 3.12 %, respectively. The study concludes that depredation on livestock is the main cause of conflict between humans and the snow leopard in the study area, and it is the biggest challenge for conservationists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e00402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food WebsPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-04-30DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00401
Jenny A. Angarita-Báez, Henrique C. Delfino, Caio J. Carlos
{"title":"American shorebird-prey network patterns: Geographic variation in non-breeding habitats","authors":"Jenny A. Angarita-Báez, Henrique C. Delfino, Caio J. Carlos","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding trophic ecology is essential for elucidating species' life histories and the ecological interactions that sustain them. For migratory shorebirds, which are opportunistic feeders, survival across vast migratory routes depends on the availability of critical stopover sites, where local environmental conditions shape food resources. In this study, we applied a network-based approach to examine shorebird-prey interactions across the Americas, constructing an interaction matrix from a systematic literature review spanning publications from 1929 to the present. Our analysis, encompassing the diets of 36 migratory shorebird species across distinct biogeographic realms, revealed that shorebird-prey networks exhibit low nestedness, low connectance, and moderate modularity. These structural patterns suggest a balance between vulnerability to prey decline and potential resilience through reduced competition and disease transmission. Network structure varied more in tropical regions than in temperate zones. Contrary to our hypothesis, prey richness did not correlate with increased morphological specialization among shorebirds. This suggests that factors beyond morphology, such as behavioral plasticity or interspecific competition, may play a greater role in shaping foraging strategies. This research provides the first comprehensive analysis of structural patterns in antagonistic shorebird-prey networks across the Americas. While the observed modularity suggests some resilience during migration, climate change and anthropogenic pressures pose significant threats. Continued research into shorebird diets is imperative for informing conservation and management strategies at key stopover sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e00401"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food WebsPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-03-25DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00398
Ivan Sazima , Marlies Sazima
{"title":"Feeding behaviour of a large lizard drives the outcome of palm seeds dispersal, with comments on its ecosystem services","authors":"Ivan Sazima , Marlies Sazima","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frugivory and seed dispersal is recorded for 470 lizard species in 27 families worldwide, including the Neotropical Teiidae with 16 genera and 35 species. Among teiids, the black and white tegu <em>Salvator merianae</em> stands out as the largest fruit-eating species. Herein we describe and illustrate the feeding behaviour of this lizard on fruits of the queen palm <em>Syagrus romanzoffiana</em> at an urban reserve in southeast Brazil in November 2013. The lizard picks up the fruits under the palm and remains there while feeding. Part of the fruits is swallowed whole after little chewing, whereas part is thoroughly chewed, the pulp swallowed and the hard seed discarded. Thus, the seeds discarded under the mother plant are not dispersed and probably have little chance to germinate, whereas those swallowed are eliminated with faeces and dispersed away from the mother plant have better chances to germinate. This dual behaviour seems a novelty among palm fruit-eating lizards and is unrecorded for Teiidae. We also report on some animal food types gathered or hunted by the tegu and comment on the ecological roles and regulating ecosystem services this large lizard delivers at the study site, including plant dispersal, carrion removal, and pest control. Additionally, the tegu digs burrows to brumate in the cold and dry season, acting as ecosystem engineer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e00398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}