Food Webs最新文献

{"title":"Following the bear: The interspecific foraging associations between vertebrate predators of cicada nymphs","authors":"Kanji M. Tomita","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Disturbance foraging, the behavior for obtaining food at a disturbance created by another organism, is a widespread form of commensalism interaction observed across the animal kingdom. In the Shiretoko World Heritage site in northern Japan, brown bears (<em>Ursus arctos</em>) dig for cicada nymphs, causing soil physical disturbance. Other predators of cicada nymphs may exploit the soil disturbances caused by brown bears to gain easier access to soil prey, including cicada nymphs. Here, I observed the foraging association among cicada nymph predators, especially brown bears, red foxes (<em>Vulpes vulpes</em>), and crows (<em>Corvus macrorhynchos and C. corone</em>) using camera traps. Notably, the camera traps captured 14 instances of crows and brown bears cooccurring, with the crows engaging in disturbance foraging. In contrast, foxes were never captured alongside brown bears. In addition, the interspecific foraging association between the crows and brown bears was more frequently observed before the cicada emergence season than during it. This suggests that crows predominantly engage in the interspecific foraging association with brown bear digging to facilitate easier predation on the soil-dwelling cicada nymphs prior to the cicada emergence season. During the emergence season, cicada nymphs emerge aboveground, and crows can easily prey upon them without the disturbance of the brown bear digging. The strength of the disturbance foraging association between brown bears and crows is affected by seasonal variations in the life history of prey.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article e00354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141951705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iberian wild goat coprophagy on dove guano. A case report and insights from food analysis","authors":"Juan Luis Mora ,&nbsp;Enrique Blasco ,&nbsp;Alicia García-Serrano ,&nbsp;Juan Herrero","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heterospecific coprophagy. i.e., the consumption of excreta of other species, is reported and documented for the first time for Iberian wild goat <em>Capra pyrenaica</em> Schinz, 1838 and is discussed in light of the nutritional composition of the excreta. Two adult female goats were observed consuming guano of rock dove <em>Columba livia</em> Gmelin, 1789 in March 2021 in the Natural Park of Guara. The chemical composition and feed value of the dove guano consumed by goats was analyzed using standard methods of food analysis. The guano had moderate energy content and high concentrations of nitrogen-compounds that are convertible into protein. It was also rich in macronutrients such as calcium, phosphorus, sodium and sulfur, some of which (namely phosphorus) may be deficient for goats in calcareous environments such as the study area. High levels of sodium and possibly of guanine can cause hedonistic responses to salty and umami flavors that may contribute and reinforce this feeding habit. The guano was affected by desiccation and aging resulting from outdoor exposure, which might have also decreased its degree of pathogenicity. We hypothesize that female Iberian wild goats could be stimulated by guano in the second half of their pregnancy period, when their protein requirements increase. Heterospecific coprophagy has been documented in a wide range of mammals indicating it may be an important feeding activity, but it is still poorly described and understood. Its causes, consequences and relevance should deserve more attention to better understand their feeding ecology. This has to be faced under a multidisciplinary approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article e00353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352249624000193/pdfft?md5=788dfbbb801efc902c3dd9b488fda484&pid=1-s2.0-S2352249624000193-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatty acid analyses reveal differences in feeding ecology of North Sea squids that overlap in time and space","authors":"Fabian Schäfer ,&nbsp;Daniel Oesterwind ,&nbsp;Anne F. Sell ,&nbsp;Ulrike Kammann","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate-induced changes in marine ecosystems have been documented worldwide. As one of the main consequences, a shift in the distribution of species is observable in many marine areas, resulting in the formation of new species communities and new interactions. In the North Sea, the squid community has changed considerably over the last 100 years. Some species have disapeared while new species have established and are now living in coexistence in a new community. Although squids are considered to be predators that feed rather non-selectively, we aimed to answer the question of whether their diet differs nevertheless. Therefore, we analysed the fatty acids of three squid species whose distribution substantially overlaps. We were able to recognise a dependence between the size of the squid and the composition of fatty acids and are able to demonstrate the already known ontogenetic shift in food composition on the basis of fatty acid composition. Furthermore, we illustrate that the fatty acid composition differs significantly between squid species, which points to different prey of the analysed squid species and which may be one reason for their successful coexistence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article e00355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352249624000211/pdfft?md5=a5e46dec5dd08362e244175365eee202&pid=1-s2.0-S2352249624000211-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raccoons and opossums respond similarly to high and low development in the East Texas Pineywoods","authors":"Jason V. Lombardi ,&nbsp;Daniel G. Scognamillo ,&nbsp;Christopher E. Comer","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the last half-century, cities across the southeastern United States have experienced consistent human population growth, which has increased the rate of urban sprawl and subsequent habitat fragmentation with resource subsidies from development. The northern raccoon (<em>Procyon lotor</em>) and Virginia opossum (<em>Didelphis virginiana</em>) are mesopredators commonly associated with and benefiting from urbanized areas. We conducted a small-scale study of raccoons and opossums within the Nacogdoches, Texas, in January 2014. We captured and marked individual raccoons and opossums and used occupancy and spatial-capture-recapture models to examine habitat use, detection, and population density in high- and low-density urban study areas. We predicted to find high densities of each mesopredator, relative to other studies in larger metropolitan areas. We also expected to find a response to landscape features in the high-development study area to be closely associated with anthropogenic features and proximity to water, but less pronounced in the low-development study area. Contrary to our predictions, the detectability of each species in the high-development study area had a positive association with areas further from buildings, and raccoon habitat use had a positive association farther from natural water. Similarly, in the low-development study area, we found raccoon detectability had a positive association with areas farther from the urban edge and opossums had a positive association with areas with smaller forest patches (i.e., edge habitat). We were able to estimate 13.66 raccoons/km² (95% CI 7.10–26.30) in the high-development study area and 12.55 opossums/km² (95% CI 04.36–36.15) in the low-development study area. Our results indicate high densities of each species, and the first urban density of Virginia opossum using spatial-capture-recapture methods which further supports that these mesopredators are adapted to and benefit from urban-derived resources in urban areas. This study highlights the adaptability of these small mesopredators and the need for managers to consider adaptive strategies across different urban intensities as the ecology of these species may differ as compared to larger cities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140823524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling the diet composition of chicks of Arctic shorebirds provides a new perspective on trophic mismatches","authors":"Mikhail K. Zhemchuzhnikov ,&nbsp;Elena A. Zhemchuzhnikova ,&nbsp;Thomas K. Lameris ,&nbsp;Judith D.L. van Bleijswijk ,&nbsp;Viktor V. Golovnyuk ,&nbsp;Job ten Horn ,&nbsp;Dmitry A. Kutcherov ,&nbsp;Anastasia B. Popovkina ,&nbsp;Mikhail Y. Soloviev ,&nbsp;Maria A. Sukhova ,&nbsp;Harry J. Witte ,&nbsp;Jan A. van Gils","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With rapid climate change over the past decades, organisms living in seasonal environments are suggested to increasingly face trophic mismatches: the disruption of synchrony between different trophic levels due to a different phenological response to increasing temperatures. Strong effects of mismatches are especially expected in the Arctic region, where climatic changes are most pronounced. Nevertheless, relatively few studies have found strong evidence for trophic mismatches between the breeding period of Arctic-breeding shorebirds and the arthropod prey on which they rely. Here we argue that this is potentially caused by a generalization of trophic interactions. While many studies have measured the mismatch relative to the peak in abundance of all available arthropod species, we use metabarcoding of prey items in faeces to show that chicks of four different shorebird species (red knot, curlew sandpiper, little stint, and red phalarope) strongly differ in their arthropod diet. We found that two arthropod families, Tipulidae and Chironomidae, on average contributed &gt;50% to the diet of chicks. While red knot chicks were relying mainly on Tipulidae (70% in 2018 and 39% in 2019), the chicks of the other three shorebird species were mainly preying on Chironomidae (43% for red phalarope, 37% for curlew sandpiper and 44% for little stint). We found that taking into account the species-specific diet changed our measure of trophic mismatch for two out of four shorebird species. We conclude that ignoring diet data may hamper our understanding of trophic mismatches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140558737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First evidence of feeding on micromammals and fish by a cyprinid species (Squalius carolitertii) in lacustrine food webs","authors":"Javier Sánchez-Hernández,&nbsp;Carlos Jiménez-Corbacho,&nbsp;Ariadna García-Astillero,&nbsp;Ignasi Arranz","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The consumption of resources at multiple trophic levels reflects the omnivorous behaviour of various species. Despite the importance of omnivory in food web structure and stability, there are still few observational data to assess the omnivorous role of species in food webs. We first assessed the feeding of two cyprinid [northern Iberian chub (<em>Squalius carolitertii</em>) and northern straight-mouth nase (<em>Pseudochondrostoma duriense</em>)] and one salmonid (brown trout <em>Salmo trutta</em>) species in a mountain lake of the Iberian Peninsula, and then we studied the omnivorous behaviour and niche partitioning of the cyprinid species. A noteworthy result was the consumption of micromammals by northern Iberian chub. This species showed a high trophic flexibility feeding on diverse food types (detritus, vegetal rests, zooplankton, aquatic insects, terrestrial insects, micromammals and small fish), whereas northern straight-mouth nase fed mostly on detritus. We observed that the consumption of zooplankton decreased with increasing fish length in northern Iberian chub, whereas no evidence for ontogenetic dietary shifts were observed for northern straight-mouth nase. Brown trout fed only on cyprinids, acting as top predator in the studied mountain lake. Despite high dietary overlap between omnivorous cyprinids, our analyses suggested that omnivorous behaviour and ontogenetic dietary shifts of northern Iberian chub can be an important adaptive feature that may reduce food competition and enable species coexistence in mountain lakes. Our study shows that endemic omnivorous cyprinids can exploit alternative energy pathways and underlines the importance of omnivorous species as promoters of stability in lacustrine food webs. We highlight that the importance of occasional pulses of allochthonous energy sources fueling lacustrine food webs, such as micromammals and terrestrial insects, represent a particularly promising area for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140548563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the Southern Green Anaconda, Eunectes murinus, seek areas of high prey concentration in southeastern Peru?","authors":"Patrick S. Champagne ,&nbsp;Thomas B. Herman ,&nbsp;Paul Rosolie ,&nbsp;Dylan Singer ,&nbsp;Dan Horton ,&nbsp;Carter J. Payne ,&nbsp;Lucy Dablin ,&nbsp;David Colville ,&nbsp;Julio Cardenas ,&nbsp;Miryam Quevedo ,&nbsp;Trevor Avery ,&nbsp;Renata Leite Pitman","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although behavior of <em>E. murinus</em> was broadly described over a century ago, observations of predation by <em>E. murinus</em> are rare. Some evidence suggests that it may target sites when hunting. We report details of six livestock depredation events at a single locality near Puerto Maldonado, Peru. Additionally, we compare positions of three radio-tagged snakes with known locations of mineral licks in their home ranges and describe the relationship of a single radio-tagged individual with game trails. Our observations of predation at mineral licks, and the association of radio-tagged individuals with them, suggest that <em>E. murinus</em> may specifically target mineral licks due to high prey concentration. We believe this is the first report of a reptile actively seeking prey at mineral licks. Our observations indicate that <em>E. murinus</em> actively seeks areas with higher prey concentration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352249624000144/pdfft?md5=a3eef19db6e343e39e6013d54f3c26b9&pid=1-s2.0-S2352249624000144-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140548564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans) diet composition in red-cockaded woodpecker (Dryobates borealis) groups in Mississippi and Alabama","authors":"Robert T. Meyer ,&nbsp;Scott A. Rush","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Southern flying squirrels (<em>Glaucomys volans</em>) are common omnivorous mammals that rely on hardwood forests of the southeastern United States. Diet assessments may aid in understanding their place within food webs and their interactions with the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (RCW; <em>Dryobates borealis</em>) of which, flying squirrels are a known kleptoparasite and possible nest predator. We examined foods assimilated by flying squirrels collected within RCW-managed forests of the Sam D. Hamilton Noxubee National Wildlife Refuge in east-central Mississippi, Oakmulgee Ranger District of the Talladega National Forest in west-central Alabama, Coosa Wildlife Management Area in central Alabama, and the Sehoy Plantation in east-central Alabama to explore variation in foods assimilated by flying squirrels across a section of the southeast. We used Bayesian mixing models applying isotopic ratios of ^14/15N (δN¹⁵) and ^12/13C (δ¹³C) measured in flying squirrel livers and used potential food items collected at each site to reconstruct their diet. Our model yielded evidence that hickories (<em>Carya</em> spp.) and oaks (<em>Quercus</em> spp.) contributed the most to the diet of southern flying squirrels at Noxubee, Oakmulgee, and Coosa with insects comprising the bulk of the diet at Sehoy (<em>n</em> = 39 squirrels). The proportion of hardwoods surrounding areas where flying squirrels were collected (10–52%) contributed little to model performance. Trophic positioning analysis showed a 95% confidence interval overlap between all sites indicating that flying squirrels are likely primary consumers and/or secondary consumers (trophic position of 3; 2.60–3.74). Flying squirrels in our study likely consume a mix of plants and insects and are unlikely to be common tertiary consumers (ex. consuming insectivorous-bird eggs). Their omnivorous habit suggests that efforts to exclude flying squirrels from RCW habitat will need a multifaceted approach with diet item management (ex. hardwood removal) as a part of the possible solutions available.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140555757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropogenic activities facilitate temporal overlaps and spatial partitions among sympatric canids in a human-modified landscape of Bulgaria","authors":"Hiroshi Tsunoda ,&nbsp;Stanislava Peeva ,&nbsp;Evgeniy Raichev ,&nbsp;Krasimir B. Kirilov ,&nbsp;Katelina Uzunowa ,&nbsp;Yayoi Kaneko","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mammalian carnivores (order Carnivora) occupy higher trophic levels in many terrestrial ecosystems, shaping community structures via direct predation and trophic cascades. The interference competition among sympatric carnivores (i.e., aggression and killing) has a major role in the intraguild interactions in which the large-dominant predators typically constrain behaviors and resource use patterns by exploitative (i.e., resource) competitions as well as the survival of smaller subordinate species by interference (i.e., direct) competitions. The free-roaming dog, <em>Canis lupus familiaris</em>, has been introduced worldwide and the species affects regional biodiversity, including native carnivore species. Using camera trapping, we investigated the temporal and spatial overlaps between the free-roaming dog and two wild canids, the golden jackal (<em>Canis aureus</em>) and the red fox (<em>Vulpes vulpes</em>), in different landscapes of central Bulgaria. We predict their interference interactions, namely that the dog, as the largest competitor, suppresses the golden jackal with intermediate body size, and, in turn, the golden jackal suppresses the smaller red fox. In mountainous forest landscapes where the free-roaming dog was absent or scarce, the golden jackal and red fox partitioned their diel activities, while there were moderate levels of spatial overlap. In agricultural lowlands where dogs were abundant and anthropogenic disturbances were relatively high, all three canids were primarily nocturnal with high temporal overlap, probably owing to human activities (e.g., hunting) in the daytime. The golden jackal was spatially separated from the dog, whereas the red fox spatially overlapped with large dogs. Our results indicated that, in human-modified landscapes with scattered forests and shrubs, spatial partitioning between the free-roaming dog and the golden jackal at fine spatial scales facilitates their sympatry by decreasing the probability of direct encounters. Furthermore, our findings also indicate that spatiotemporal interactions between the golden jackal and the red fox can change in association with various human disturbances, e.g., landscape modifications, human activities, and the introduction of dogs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140138311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trophic niche of four sympatric direct-developing frogs (Anura: Strabomantidae) from Eastern Brazilian Amazonia","authors":"Fillipe Pedroso-Santos ,&nbsp;Igor Luis Kaefer ,&nbsp;Patrick Ribeiro Sanches ,&nbsp;Carlos Eduardo Costa-Campos","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Knowledge on the ecology of many Amazonian anuran species is still incipient, especially when it comes to resource partitioning. Here, we studied dietary variation of four <em>Pristimantis</em> species (<em>P. chiastonotus, P. crepitaculus, P. gutturalis</em> and <em>P. zeuctotylus</em>) from Eastern Brazilian Amazonia during the rainy and dry seasons. From 226 stomach contents retrieved through stomach-flushing, we observed that the four sympatric species can explore the generalist, sit-and-wait, and opportunistic foraging strategies, feeding mainly on highly mobile arthropods such as Diptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera and Orthoptera, which were the most important prey categories. We found significant differences among the species for the volumetric composition of prey, and the amount of prey consumed was the main predictor for this condition in most species. The type of microhabitat was also a predictor for feed volumetric composition in some species. We report a higher perching height for <em>P. chiastonotus</em>, and lower perching in <em>P. gutturalis</em>; the first species had a wider dietary spectrum. These findings contribute to the understanding of resource partitioning among sympatric and closely related species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article e00343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140134294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}