Food Webs最新文献

{"title":"Advancing the understanding of the trophic ecology of Scyliorhinus canicula in the Mediterranean Sea: Insights from a Tyrrhenian case study and a review of current knowledge","authors":"Luca Caracausi ,&nbsp;Zaira Da Ros ,&nbsp;Paula Masia Lillo ,&nbsp;Alessandro Ligas ,&nbsp;Emanuela Fanelli","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2026.e00444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2026.e00444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sharks are cartilaginous fishes that serve as both meso- and top predators in marine ecosystems. Globally, they are targeted by commercial and recreational fisheries and represent a significant portion of fishery bycatch. Among mesopredatory sharks, the small-spotted catshark (<em>Scyliorhinus canicula</em>) is one of the most common and widely distributed species in the Mediterranean Sea. This study investigates the diet and trophic position of <em>S. canicula</em> from the Tyrrhenian Sea using an integrated approach by combining stomach content analysis (SCA) and stable isotope analysis (SIA). Bayesian mixing models were applied to isotope data and suggested an ontogenetic dietary shift in the species. Additionally, we analyzed Mediterranean landings data of <em>S. canicula</em>, finding a consistent increase in catches up to 2019. A literature review of previous SCA studies across the Mediterranean confirmed that <em>S. canicula</em> is a generalist mesopredator, feeding primarily on crustaceans and teleosts—the latter becoming increasingly dominant from the Balearic to the Aegean Sea. Overall, these findings confirm the important mesopredatory role of <em>S. canicula</em> in Mediterranean benthic food webs and underscore the need for further investigation into the consequences of mesopredator release on the ecosystems, particularly in the context of increasing anthropogenic pressures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e00444"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lace monitors scavenge the large carcass of an endangered eastern freshwater cod","authors":"Brendan C. Ebner ,&nbsp;John St Vincent Welch ,&nbsp;Leo M. Cameron ,&nbsp;Jason Schaffer ,&nbsp;Gavin L. Butler","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Riparian zones represent dynamic interfaces where amphibious predators and scavengers operate on both land and in water. Here we document observations of two individual monitor lizards (Lace monitor, <em>Varanus varius</em>) scavenging on the carcass of a large-bodied eastern freshwater cod (<em>Maccullochella ikei</em>) in the upper Clarence River catchment in northern New South Wales, Australia. In adulthood, these species function as apex predators in their respective terrestrial and aquatic habitats but predation of one on the other has not previously been documented. We use our observations to broaden conceptualisations of past and current food webs in riparian habitat along rivers in the endemic range of eastern freshwater cod. Complex interactions among aquatic and amphibious taxa and human-mediated processes (e.g. land clearing, climate change, recreational angling) warrant careful consideration if remaining remnant eastern freshwater cod subpopulations are to persist and the regional aquatic and riparian food webs preserved. Conceptualising the biotic and abiotic interactions within riparian zones is an important component of protecting riverine ecosystems. Large-bodied flagship species can potentially play an important role in engaging landholders and gaining public attention for riparian zone protection and rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e00434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of stream intermittency on PUFA transfer to alpine riparian spiders","authors":"Carmen Kowarik ,&nbsp;Pierre Chanut ,&nbsp;Matthias Pilecky ,&nbsp;Christopher T. Robinson","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2026.e00437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2026.e00437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An increasing number of streams are becoming intermittent due to global warming and water abstraction. The transfer of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)—particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)—from aquatic to terrestrial systems is a key ecosystem service likely to be affected by increasing intermittency. Here, we investigated how flow intermittency affected EPA transfer to riparian spiders along 9 headwater streams of an alpine catchment (Val Roseg, Switzerland) with different degrees of intermittency. We used fatty acid analysis to test if there were differences in fatty acid content in spiders sampled along streams varying in degree of intermittency. In addition, we used compound-specific isotope analysis (²H-CSIA) to determine the origin of different fatty acids present in spiders. We found altered fatty acid profiles, characterized by lower content of the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in spiders collected along streams that dried periodically during multiple times of the year. In contrast, spiders from streams experiencing seasonal drying during winter did not show altered fatty acid profiles compared to spiders from perennial streams. δ²H values indicated that fatty acid sources also differed between streams varying in intermittency. Our results suggest that stream intermittency affects subsidy transfers from aquatic to riparian ecosystems, indicating far-reaching consequences for riparian communities in resource poor alpine environments, but potentially also lower elevation fluvial systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e00437"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anurans as prey of spiders in the neotropics: New records and updated interactions","authors":"Fabrício H. Oda ,&nbsp;Fred Muller ,&nbsp;Leandro O. Drummond ,&nbsp;Rodney M.P. Couto ,&nbsp;Silionamã P. Dantas ,&nbsp;Jeremiah J. Barbosa ,&nbsp;Werther P. Ramalho ,&nbsp;Ygor Ribeiro Lima ,&nbsp;Maiara C. Miguel ,&nbsp;Amanda M. Cruz ,&nbsp;Anderson C. Branco ,&nbsp;Murilo S. Queiroz ,&nbsp;Ángel Sosa-Bartuano ,&nbsp;Camila Aoki ,&nbsp;Marcelo N.C. Kokubum ,&nbsp;Antonio D. Brescovit","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Neotropics have the largest diversity of anurans and spiders in the world, and the current literature includes many reports of spiders preying on anurans from this area. Here, we describe 31 previously unpublished records of predation documented during occasional observations in Brazil, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama and Peru, and review the published predation reports to update the list of Neotropical anuran species reported as spider prey. From this updated database, we summarize the taxonomic and geographic distribution of these predation records to identify the anuran families and species most reported to be victims of spider predation, as well as the countries and biogeographic regions with the highest number of predation events to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the role of anurans as spider prey in the Neotropics. The new records increased the number of anuran species known as spider prey in the Neotropics from 143 to 195. This study paves the way for further field studies in poorly sampled ecoregions and will serve as a reference database for new reports of anuran predation by spiders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e00436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of temperature on ectothermic predators are modulated by warming-induced changes to prey","authors":"Eric A. Scholl ,&nbsp;Theodore A. Kennedy ,&nbsp;Michael J. Dodrill ,&nbsp;Morgan A. Ford ,&nbsp;Robert E. Zuellig ,&nbsp;Daren M. Carlisle ,&nbsp;Daniel Nelson ,&nbsp;Justin P.F. Pomeranz ,&nbsp;Dan A. Kowalski ,&nbsp;Charles B. Yackulic","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2026.e00442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2026.e00442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global temperature increases can fundamentally alter ecosystems through myriad pathways including by impacting top predators, whose movement, behavior, and trophic interactions often shape the structure of food webs and associated ecosystem processes. Forecasting how ectothermic predators will respond to climate change currently relies heavily on quantifying the direct impacts of temperature on their physiology and performance. However, prey resources are also likely to shift with warming, but less is known about how changes in ecosystem productivity may interact with rising temperatures to influence ectothermic predators. Understanding such interactions can thus help refine predictions for how these consumers will respond to a dynamic future and may clarify recent findings that some cold-water species are buffered and even benefit from warming temperatures despite elevated metabolic costs. Here, we capitalize on a growing body of literature linking temperature increases to changes in invertebrate prey assemblages to describe how these drivers interact to influence the performance (e.g., body size and growth rate) of a globally distributed ectothermic predator in freshwater ecosystems. We disentangled these drivers with a novel approach that blends conceptual synthesis and a mechanistic drift foraging-bioenergetics model developed for <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em> (rainbow trout). Overall, we found that warming-induced changes to invertebrate prey assemblage size structure, production, or both, can strongly reshape thermal performance curves describing how rainbow trout respond to temperature. Notably, we found that shifts towards larger-bodied prey or higher prey production increased trout performance across a gradient of temperatures. Additionally, our results show that these shifts in prey also increased the temperature that optimizes fish growth. Our findings underscore the critical role that prey resources may play in either buffering or amplifying future risks of warming and can help improve future conservation and management of ectothermic animals, including cold-water fish, in a warmer and rapidly changing world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e00442"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gammarus aequicauda predation on Arctodiaptomus salinus in a hypersaline lake and implications for aquaculture","authors":"Elena Anufriieva,&nbsp;Vladimir Yakovenko,&nbsp;Nickolai Shadrin","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2026.e00447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2026.e00447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecological and ethological issues of trophic interactions are essential for aquatic ecology and the design of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture systems. The development of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture in hypersaline waters has gained growing attention. <em>Gammarus aequicauda</em> (Amphipoda) and <em>Arctodiaptomus salinus</em> (Copepoda) are both highly abundant species in hypersaline waters with promising aquaculture potential. Studying the trophic relationships between these species is crucial for understanding the functioning of hypersaline water ecosystems and advancing aquaculture in such environments. The trophic relationship between these species was investigated in a hypersaline lake and through two-day experiments. In these experiments, an ethological approach that assessed the balance of time spent feeding was employed. In the lake, the number of <em>G. aequicauda</em> ranged from 400 to 11,600 ind./m³, with an average of 4017 ind./m³. Near the wastewater outflow, <em>A. salinus</em> reached a high of 128,000 ind./m³, while other lake areas showed lower abundance. The copepod clusters attracted gammarids and were actively preyed upon by them. Experimental results indicated that <em>Gammarus</em> mainly consumed copepods, with males showing a higher prey consumption rate than females, depending on prey availability. When copepod concentrations ranged from 8 to 60 ind./L, a clear linear relationship was observed between copepod numbers and their consumption by <em>Gammarus</em> males. <em>G. aequicauda</em> can substantially reduce <em>A. salinus</em> abundance in the lake. Co-culturing these two species is not practical in a homogeneous pond or vessel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e00447"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Setting the scene: Should we expect small pelagic fish to ingest plastic pellets?","authors":"Nohales María,&nbsp;López-López Lucía,&nbsp;Preciado Izaskun,&nbsp;Rabanal Irene,&nbsp;Ortiz Juan José","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated the ingestion of preproduced plastic pellets (&lt;3 mm), also known as nurdles, by mesopelagic teleost fish following an industrial spill near the eastern Cantabrian continental shelf. We analyzed 228 specimens from seven pelagic fish species but found no pellet ingestion. The absence of plastic ingestion is likely due to several factors, including low pellet concentrations in the sampling area, their high buoyancy keeping them beyond the fish feeding zone, or species-specific feeding selectivity. The findings of this study suggest a low occurrence of plastic pellets in the stomachs of mesopelagic fauna, though ingestion may be more likely in areas with higher pellet concentrations. This study provides a baseline for assessing mesopelagic species' responses to future plastic pellet spills.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article e00435"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultivating marigolds: From ancestral tradition and heritage to importance for butterfly conservation in a Mexican semi-arid city","authors":"Guillermo Lezama-Balderas ,&nbsp;Ana Leite-Vital ,&nbsp;Ximena González-Galindo ,&nbsp;David Rendón-Sauz ,&nbsp;Evelyn Bárcenas ,&nbsp;Laura Zapiain ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Romero ,&nbsp;Robert Carrión ,&nbsp;Adriana Del Villar ,&nbsp;Heysa Sigala-Valdez ,&nbsp;Alfredo Ramírez-Hernández ,&nbsp;Fredy Alvarado","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flower crops are valuable in promoting the provision of resources for flower visitors and pollinators in anthropized landscapes. In Mexico, the traditional “Flower of the Dead” (<em>Tagetes erecta</em>, marigold or “Cempasúchil” in Spanish) is a plant of great biocultural value. However, despite its importance, we know very little about the role of urban temporary crop fields of “Cempasúchil” as reservoirs of biodiversity. Here, we systematically sampled adult butterflies in 6 urban “Cempasúchil” crop fields. Our observations revealed that 39 species of diurnal butterflies are flower visitors to “Cempasúchil” crop fields. Remarkably, 6 of the species recorded undertake autumn migrations, highlighting the importance that “Cempasúchil” crop fields may represent an important nectar resource for migratory species in urban areas. We also recorded species reported to be in serious population decline actively feeding on “Cempasúchil” flowers. Although the expansion of agricultural and urban areas has been considered an important driver of butterfly species decline and local extinction, our results emphasize the importance of “Cempasúchil” crop fields in agricultural and urban landscapes for the maintenance of butterfly biodiversity in an arid city. Thus, we suggest that urban conservation efforts could focus on the creation of “Cempasúchil” plots that promote biodiversity connectivity and ecosystem service provision in human-dominated-landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e00426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predation of Dione juno juno (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) by Erythemis vesiculosa (Odonata: Libellulidae) in a Caatinga–Atlantic Forest ecotone, with a review of butterfly predation by dragonflies","authors":"Caique Dantas ,&nbsp;Roberta da Silva Simas","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predation events linking aquatic predators to terrestrial prey can shape energy flow in ecotonal landscapes but remain poorly documented. Here we report the first record of predation on the heliconiine butterfly <em>Dione juno juno</em> (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) by <em>Erythemis vesiculosa</em> (Fabricius, 1775) (Odonata: Libellulidae) in a Caatinga–Atlantic Forest ecotone in Bahia, Brazil. On 6 October 2024, at the campus of the State University of Feira de Santana (northeastern Brazil), we photo-documented an adult <em>Erythemis</em> (∼38 mm) perched on shrubby vegetation handling an adult <em>D. j. juno</em> (∼32 mm). The dragonfly grasped the butterfly with its forelegs and consumed the head and anterior thorax—prey-handling behavior typical for libellulids. The event occurred within an anthropized mosaic of shrub–herb vegetation and forest fragments. This observation expands current knowledge of the opportunistic diet of Erythemis, reinforces its role as a generalist predator of flying insects, and underscores the value of ecotones as natural laboratories to study insect predator–prey interactions. Given ongoing habitat fragmentation and climate change in these transition zones, opportunistic, photo-vouchered records such as this can complement systematic surveys and help quantify cross-habitat predation pressure on Lepidoptera. In addition, we provide a brief review of published cases of butterfly predation by dragonflies across different biogeographical contexts, which places our record into a broader comparative framework and highlights the underreporting of this phenomenon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e00425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food partitioning, trophic niche, and fatty acid composition and trophic retention in co-existing threatened sharks with different feeding strategies","authors":"Daylí Lladó-Cabrera ,&nbsp;Sergio Aguíñiga-García ,&nbsp;Laura Carreón-Palau ,&nbsp;Felipe Galván-Magaña ,&nbsp;Rogelio González-Armas ,&nbsp;Arturo Tripp-Valdez","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predators like sharks play critical roles in marine and coastal ecosystems and shark population declines can have a variety of unexpected and disruptive effects on these ecosystems. To understand the food web associated with artisanal fishing of sharks, we analyzed the partitioning of food resources and the trophic retention of essential nutrients (e.g., fatty acids) in <em>Sphyrna lewini</em>, <em>Squatina californica</em>, and <em>Rhizoprionodon longurio</em>, three shark species with critically endangered, near threatened and vulnerable status, respectively, in the IUCN red list that coexist in a subtropical bay, the Bahía de La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico. We estimated short-term food partitioning using their diet analyzed by stomach contents. We evaluated the effect of stomach contents partitioning on the trophic niche, and profiles and concentration of essential fatty acids. The Prey-Specific Relative Importance Index showed that <em>S. lewini</em> has a more diverse diet. Although the three species of sharks share some prey items such as the Pacific mackerel <em>Scomber japonicus</em>, PERMANOVA analysis determined that the diet of these sharks is significantly different. There is low similitude of stomach content ranging between 2 and 5 %. <em>R. longurio</em> had the largest isotopic niche space obtained with Bayesian standard ellipse areas. Also, results of nicheROVER shows that <em>R. longurio</em> had higher mean probability of niche overlap with <em>S. lewini</em> (66 %), than with <em>S. californica</em> (46 %). Similarly, the greatest mean probability of niche overlap for <em>S.californica</em> was with <em>R. longurio</em> (88 %), while the mean probability of overlap in isotopic niche space was 40 % between the <em>S. californica</em> and <em>S. lewini.</em> Also, the high directional overlapping or low degree of partitioning of the isotopic niche between <em>S. lewini</em> and <em>R. longurio</em> was coincident with not significant difference in fatty acid profiles. Fatty acids profile similitude ranged between 76 and 89 %. These differences were found in the fatty acid profiles and concentrations<em>. S. californica</em> showed a higher separation from <em>S. lewini</em> and the lowest trophic retention of EPA and DHA. These observations suggest differences in metabolic requirements in <em>S. californica</em> or that with its ambush strategy, they obtain less food as they depend on finding ideal ambush sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article e00427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145466844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}