Food Webs最新文献

{"title":"Temporal and spatial variations of soil nematode assemblages across distinct forest ecosystems","authors":"Shahid Afzal,&nbsp;Wasim Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bottom-up effects of vegetation are widely recognized as important factors influencing the structure and functioning of soil food webs in forests. However, the influence of forest type on the composition and stability of soil nematode communities remains underexplored. In this study, we investigated the abundance, composition, diversity, and various aspects of soil nematode communities across three distinct forest types - Sub-tropical Pine Forests (STPF), Himalayan Moist Temperate Forests (HMTF), and Himalayan Dry Temperate Forests (HDTF) - during two seasons (summer and autumn). In both summer and autumn, total nematode abundance and the abundance of bacterivores were significantly higher in STPF compared to the other two forest types. Taxonomic diversity, as indicated by the Simpson index, was also greater in STPF during both seasons. The higher maturity index and sigma maturity index values observed in STPF suggest a more stable nematode community in the summer season. The soil nematode faunal profile indicated an enriched and structured food web in STPF across both seasons. Additionally, the metabolic footprint of the entire nematode community was considerably higher in STPF during the summer. Overall, soil nematode communities were most stable in STPF and least stable in HDTF. Our findings suggest that the Sub-tropical Pine Forests in the Pir-Panjal mountain range, across two contrasting seasons, support a higher level of soil food web structure and more complex soil biological communities than the other forest types. This study provides a foundation for understanding soil food web structure, function, and seasonal stability, which has important implications for sustainable forest management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary partitioning of fishers and martens in a rapidly changing landscape","authors":"G. Bradley Smith ,&nbsp;Jody M. Tucker ,&nbsp;Mourad Gabriel ,&nbsp;Greta Wengert ,&nbsp;Jonathan N. Pauli","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Niche partitioning is critical for the stable coexistence of competing species that share limited resources. Yet, niches are dynamic, especially in the face of rapid environmental change. Carnivores exhibit particularly strong forms of competition and are differentially affected by change. Fishers (<em>Pekania pennanti</em>) and martens (<em>Martes caurina</em>) are two species of carnivores that overlap in space, time, and resources. In the Sierra Nevada of California, these two species share habitats that are undergoing a sudden restructuring due to drought and the subsequent mortality of more than half of all trees. Using a long-term dataset from across the affected region of the Sierra Nevada, we quantified the diet, as well as dietary niche overlap and niche shift of fishers and martens during summer months before, during, and after these disturbances and as a function of spatial overlap. The summer diet of fishers and martens did not appear to be affected by change in live forest canopy and tree mortality. While fisher diet was unaffected by elevation, martens exhibited an increasing reliance on vertebrate prey at higher elevations. Our results suggest that during summer months the diet of fishers is highly diverse, even including fungi and insects, but the diet of martens is less diverse and more reliant on vertebrate prey. These different consumption patterns — which were largely unaffected by changing environmental conditions, except elevation — have led to unexpectedly low overlap in trophic niche space during the timeframe measured. Our findings demonstrate that the coexistence of martens and fishers regionally is likely facilitated, in part, through partitioning along the trophic niche axis. If drought conditions persist and lead to continued or increasingly reduced snowpack and altered vegetation, future research should assess how niche partitioning of fishers, martens, and other members of the broader carnivore community will endure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specialization in Ciidae-host fungi communities in two Atlantic forest remnants of Southeast Brazil","authors":"Ayessa Rosa-Oliveira ,&nbsp;Cristiano Lopes-Andrade","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mycophagy, the practice of feeding on fungal structures or plant material decomposed by fungal enzymes, is one of the oldest feeding habits of beetles. A notable family of beetles with a strict association with fungi throughout their life cycle is Ciidae. Members of this family use fungi as shelter, food, and sites for copulation and oviposition, making them true mycetobionts. The fungi associated with ciids belong to the phylum Basidiomycota and play a crucial role in nutrient cycling by degrading wood and decomposing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Ciids contribute significantly to the degradation of these basidiomes, thereby preventing their accumulation and enhancing nutrient availability in forest ecosystems. Although interactions between Ciidae beetles and their host fungi have been relatively well-studied, research on these interactions in the neotropics remains scarce. In this study, we investigated the interactions between ciids and their host fungi in two forest remnants of the Atlantic Forest biome. Using ecological network analysis, we assessed the frequency of occurrence of ciid species and calculated key indices for describing community structure: connectance, web asymmetry, links per species, nestedness, robustness, and specialization. This allowed us to compare the structural patterns of the two Ciidae-fungi networks. Our results revealed that the main host fungal species were the same in both communities, but differences in host usage by ciids were observed, reflecting the availability of fungal basidiomes. These differences led to distinct network structures. Most Ciidae species were found to be generalists, exploiting host fungi according to their availability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future impacts of reduced freshwater inflow and sea level rise on forage fish and their predators in Apalachicola Bay, Florida","authors":"Kira L. Allen ,&nbsp;Kristy A. Lewis","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estuarine ecosystems often support large populations of forage fish, but these small-medium sized fish and the predators they feed may be affected by multiple climate change and human-induced stressors. In the Apalachicola Bay estuary, Florida, USA, reduced freshwater inflow and sea level rise are two prevalent stressors, and little is known about how these environmental changes might impact the forage fish species who inhabit the estuary. This study uses a food web model for Apalachicola Bay to simulate the impacts of future changes in water temperature and salinity on forage fish and predator species who inhabit the estuary. Water temperature and salinity conditions were based on previously developed simulations of reduced freshwater inflow and sea level rise in Apalachicola Bay from 2020 to 2049. These simulated environmental changes were applied as forcing functions in the food web model to drive shifts in species biomasses over time. This study centered on changes in biomass for two highly abundant forage fish species, juvenile silver perch (<em>Bairdiella chrysoura</em>) and juvenile pinfish (<em>Lagodon rhomboides</em>), as well as their major predators, spotted seatrout (<em>Cynoscion nebulosus</em>) and inshore lizardfish (<em>Synodus foetens</em>). These changes were assessed at both 10- and 30-year time intervals relative to 2019, along with an examination of forage fish consumption by their predators. Juvenile silver perch biomass increased across all scenarios and time scales, while juvenile pinfish biomass decreased. Consumption of juvenile silver perch by spotted seatrout increased across all scenarios and time scales, and consumption of juvenile pinfish by inshore lizardfish decreased, in concordance with the trends in prey biomass. Both spotted seatrout and inshore lizardfish biomasses decreased across future scenarios, though the high biomass of juvenile silver perch may have played a role in stabilizing the decline of spotted seatrout. Changes in forage fish biomasses and their impacts on predator species as a result of reduced freshwater inflow and sea level rise have implications for ecosystem productivity and the fisheries of the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presence of mucilage and low omega-3 fatty acid contents in phytoplankton impair the quality of phytoplankton diet for zooplankton","authors":"Satoshi Ichise ,&nbsp;Megumu Fujibayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phytoplankton are a crucial basal dietary source for consumers in lake ecosystems. The dietary quality of phytoplankton for zooplankton has been investigated in terms of molecules (e.g., fatty acids) and stoichiometry. However, little is known on the effects of algal mucilage on the dietary quality of phytoplankton. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of mucilage and fatty acid contents in phytoplankton on dietary quality. Zooplankton (<em>Daphnia pulicaria</em>) were reared with a single species of phytoplankton as the diet. Eighteen phytoplankton types were used. Algal dietary quality was evaluated based on the growth, reproduction, and survival rates of <em>D. pulicaria</em> for each dietary algal species during the feeding experiments. The results demonstrated that the dietary quality of phytoplankton with mucilage decreased significantly among the green algae. Green algae without mucilage had high omega-3 fatty acid contents, which increased its dietary quality. The quality of cyanobacteria diet was low for <em>D. pulicaria</em> regardless of the absence or presence of mucilage and fatty acid contents. The results show that the presence of mucilage may have reduced ingestion and digestion by zooplankton and indicate that this algal succession will have a negative impact on lake ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gammarus aequicauda (Amphipoda) and two different prey species: Is the ability of a predator to learn important?","authors":"Nickolai Shadrin,&nbsp;Vladimir Yakovenko,&nbsp;Elena Anufriieva","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individual experience contributes to total functional biodiversity in every aquatic ecosystem. However, the learning ability and individual memory of crustaceans are issues that remain poorly understood. The influence of individual experiences on the feeding behavior of the predator <em>Gammarus aequicauda</em> (Amphipoda) was studied experimentally. The predator was acclimated and allowed to feed on one of the alternative prey – chironomid larvae <em>Baeotendipes noctivagus</em> or anostracan parthenogenetic <em>Artemia</em> in studies from 3 to ten days. They were then placed in a vessel with both species of prey. We then measured the time spent on the main stages of the feeding process: searching for food before capturing prey, prey handling time, and subsequent digestion. If experiments were conducted in the presence of both prey species, the feeding behavior characteristics (searching and handling time) of <em>G. aequicauda</em>, which had previously fed on chironomid larvae, differed significantly from those of <em>Gammarus,</em> which had previously fed on <em>Artemia</em>. Acclimation of <em>G. aequicauda</em> to feed on chironomid larvae can significantly reduce the time spent on searching, capturing, and handling of chironomids. Acclimation of <em>G. aequicauda</em> to feed on <em>Artemia</em> led to smaller changes in time spent on capturing, and handling of <em>Artemia</em>. The effects of experience on foraging efficiency increased in both variants of acclimation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updating the prey menu of the ophiophagous snake Erythrolamprus aesculapii (Linnaeus, 1758) with two heterospecific snakes from the Amazon and Atlantic Forest","authors":"Rubia Rempalski ,&nbsp;Thairis T. Pimentel ,&nbsp;Andressa H. dos Santos ,&nbsp;Tomas de L. Rocha ,&nbsp;Diego H. Santiago ,&nbsp;Bruno B. Loureiro ,&nbsp;Fabrício H. Oda ,&nbsp;Thiago Silva-Soares","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Aesculapian false coral snake, <em>Erythrolamprus aesculapii</em>, is reported here preying on two heterospecific snake species. An individual of <em>E. aesculapii</em> was observed preying an adult <em>Atractus</em> cf. <em>major</em> in the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, state of Amazonas, Brazil, and another on an adult <em>Tropidodryas striaceps</em> in the municipality of Divino de São Lourenço, state of Espírito Santo, also in Brazil. Both observations detail the predatory behavior of <em>E. aesculapii</em>, from chasing to immobilizing and ingesting the prey snakes. These findings expand knowledge of the predatory interactions of <em>E. aesculapii</em>, including the addition of two new prey species, reinforcing the ophiophagous nature of its feeding behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00371"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terrestrial generalist predators have larger isotopic niches but rely less on aquatic prey at a natural compared to a post-mining lakeshore","authors":"Lanya Feng,&nbsp;Fredrik Arvidsson,&nbsp;El Aziz Djoudi,&nbsp;Klaus Birkhofer","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The flooded pits from former opencast mining (post-mining lakes) are young aquatic ecosystems often with low primary productivity due to the high acidity. The limited availability of nutrients and simplified aquatic food webs in these artificial lakes may affect the matter fluxes towards food webs in adjacent terrestrial habitats. To understand the impact of emerging prey from a post-mining lake on terrestrial food webs and associated arthropod communities, we compared the emergence and activity of arthropods as well as the isotopic niches of generalist predators and their potential prey between lakeshores of a post-mining and a natural lake. We used aquatic and terrestrial emergence tents to sample potential prey that emerged locally (Collembola and Diptera) and pitfall traps to sample terrestrial arthropod predators (Carabidae and Araneae) from lakeshores. Community and stable isotope (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) analyses were performed to compare diversity and isotopic niches of generalist arthropod predators between the natural and post-mining lakeshores. The number of emerging aquatic and terrestrial prey did not differ significantly between lakes, but the δ¹⁵N values of aquatic emerging dipterans differed between the two lakes. Predator community diversity did not differ significantly between lakeshores, but generalist predator species from the natural lakeshore generally had larger isotopic niche sizes than the same species at the post-mining lakeshore indicating a more diverse diet. Additional estimates of diet composition suggest that predators at the natural lakeshore utilized aquatic prey to a lesser degree than at the post-mining lake, but still had a more diverse diet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do marine food subsidies predict large scale distribution of scavenging seabirds within the Bay of Biscay?","authors":"M. Huon ,&nbsp;G. Dorémus ,&nbsp;M. Authier ,&nbsp;J. Spitz","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Omnivorous and opportunistic species have the potential to exploit human food subsidies. In marine ecosystem, understanding interaction between seabirds and fishery activities, particularly their scavenging behaviour on discards is crucial nowadays, in the context of EU landing obligation. The Bay of Biscay is one of the major fishing zones in Europe and a central area for the wintering of a high number of seabird species. During spring and autumn, oceanographic surveys were conducted by the R/V Thalassa with the aim to evaluate fishing resources along transects over the continental shelf, thereby providing an opportunity to study the distribution and scavenging behaviour of seabirds in this area. We investigated the influence of fishery activities (i.e. distribution of professional fishing vessels, quantity of discards) at large scale, and oceanographic conditions on the distribution of scavenging seabirds along the continental shelf. On average, large gulls (Larus spp) and northern gannets accounted for 70 % of the seabirds scavenging on discards. We compared model predictions using oceanographic variables with those using both oceanographic variables and fishery activities, in separate for spring and autumn and group of seabirds (i.e. large gulls and northern gannets). Results suggested that the distribution of scavenging seabirds was better predicted by oceanographic variables than by fishery activities. The predicted numbers of scavenging seabirds were higher in autumn than in spring, probably due to the annual cycle of seabirds (i.e. breeding versus wintering). At large scale, oceanographic variables were better predictors of suitable habitat. However, a closer evaluation of prediction differences between the two models highlighted high anomaly values for large gulls in autumn along the coast, that may indicate over predictions. These results have provided new knowledge on the ecology of scavenging seabirds, in an area with high fishery activity, especially in the context of landing obligation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endemic and elusive trophic interactions: The first comprehensive description of the diet of short-eared dogs (Atelocynus microtis) in Amazon rainforests","authors":"Patrick S. Champagne ,&nbsp;Hernani F.M. Oliveira ,&nbsp;Carter J. Payne ,&nbsp;Renata Leite Pitman","doi":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The short-eared dog (<em>Atelocynus microtis</em>) is the only endemic Amazonian canid species, which is also elusive and rarely recorded across its distribution, making it one of the least known canid species in the world. Even though it is considered to be a carnivore species, it has been reported to consume other food items, such as fruits. However, no comprehensive analysis of its diet is currently available in the literature. Here we report the first comprehensive analysis of the diet of wild and re-introduced individuals of <em>A. microtis</em> in the western Amazon (southeastern Peru). Its diet includes at least 34 distinct food items, including arthropods, vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals), fruits, and seeds. Our study confirms the potential of <em>A. microtis</em> to be considered omnivorous, as well as expands the known range of food items in its diet. As a mesocarnivore with an omnivorous diet, <em>A. microtis</em> has important potential implications for forest dynamics, such as seed dispersal and regulating prey populations, which should be further investigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38084,"journal":{"name":"Food Webs","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article e00366"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}