{"title":"VIRTUAL CLOCK AT CENAM","authors":"M. Lopez, N. Díaz","doi":"10.1109/MEP.2006.335641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEP.2006.335641","url":null,"abstract":"With the aim to improve the metrological characteristics of the time scale UTC(CNM), the Time and Frequency Division of the Centre Nacional de Metrologia, CENAM, has developed a Virtual Clock in terms of the time differences among atomic clocks under operation at their facilities. The mathematical algorithm used in the generation of the CENAM's virtual clock is similar to one proposed by NIST. A servo control is used to make corrections on the frequency output of an active Hydrogen Maser in order to have a physical frequency signal matching the metrological characteristics, as best as possible, of the virtual clock frequency.","PeriodicalId":380710,"journal":{"name":"2006 Multiconference on Electronics and Photonics","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133267279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of quanum-well potential shape on the overbarrier resonant hole states","authors":"A. F. Polupanov, A. Kruglov","doi":"10.1109/MEP.2006.335639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEP.2006.335639","url":null,"abstract":"One or several resonant hole states related to the absolute reflection at hole scattering on a quantum well were found to exist in the energy range where only heavy holes may propagate over barriers in a quantum-well heterostructure. Energies of resonant states are close to those of peaks of absolute reflection. The qualitative behaviour of the over-barrier scattering and resonant states is the same at variation of quantum well shape and depth, however lifetimes of resonant states depend strongly on all parameters. These long-lived resonant states may be one of the reasons for the efficient hole capture by quantum wells.","PeriodicalId":380710,"journal":{"name":"2006 Multiconference on Electronics and Photonics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116972960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Hernandez, L. M. Rivas, L. Burtseva, O. Sergiyenko, V. Tyrsa
{"title":"Method for phase shift measurement using farey fractions","authors":"B. Hernandez, L. M. Rivas, L. Burtseva, O. Sergiyenko, V. Tyrsa","doi":"10.1109/MEP.2006.335658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEP.2006.335658","url":null,"abstract":"The phase shift of coherent signals and the time intervals can be measured with the method of coincidences of electrical pulses. The results are automatically obtained and represented like simple fractions. These fractions are rational approximations of the unknown parameter, which generally is an irrational number. Such approximations can be represented with continued fractions or Farey fractions. Definitions and properties of Farey fractions are presented. An original method for phase shift measurement based on the pulses coincidence principle, whose result is a Farey fraction, is described. In order to increase the measurement accuracy, the continuous formation of rational means is performed, to represent the measurement result. These simplify the data processing and provide more accurate results than traditional methods.","PeriodicalId":380710,"journal":{"name":"2006 Multiconference on Electronics and Photonics","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116165080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R.C. Hernandez, J. Benedí, J.A. Sanchez, R.G. Cabrera
{"title":"LEXICAL TAGGER BASED ON HIDDEN MARKOV MODEL","authors":"R.C. Hernandez, J. Benedí, J.A. Sanchez, R.G. Cabrera","doi":"10.1109/MEP.2006.335674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEP.2006.335674","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we present a lexical tagger for English using hidden Markov models with a probabilistic model of distribution of words in categories. The corpus used and set of labels corresponding to the categories is described. After, the model use is described and the form which it is estimated. Finally, we show the realized experiments and the obtained results.","PeriodicalId":380710,"journal":{"name":"2006 Multiconference on Electronics and Photonics","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116688561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Antonova, M. B. Gulyaev, V. Skuratov, D. Marin, E. Zaikina, Z. Yanovitskaya, Y. Goldstein, J. Jedrzejewski
{"title":"Modification of photoluminescence and charge in oxide with silicon nanocrystals by high energy ion implantation","authors":"I. Antonova, M. B. Gulyaev, V. Skuratov, D. Marin, E. Zaikina, Z. Yanovitskaya, Y. Goldstein, J. Jedrzejewski","doi":"10.1109/MEP.2006.335625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEP.2006.335625","url":null,"abstract":"The samples with layer of silicon nanocrystals ncSi embedded in SiO2 (the excess Si content in oxide ranged from 5 to 92%) were subjected to high energy ion implantation. Implantation-induced modification of SiO2-ncSi properties discussed in the report includes a shift of the ncSi-related photoluminescence peak and change in charge value trapped on the nanocrystals.","PeriodicalId":380710,"journal":{"name":"2006 Multiconference on Electronics and Photonics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128223551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. García-Juárez, C. Gutiérrez‐Martínez, J. Meza-Perez, J.A. Torrez-Fortiz
{"title":"AN EXPERIMENTAL HYBRID POINT TO POINT COMMUNICATION SYSTEM","authors":"A. García-Juárez, C. Gutiérrez‐Martínez, J. Meza-Perez, J.A. Torrez-Fortiz","doi":"10.1109/MEP.2006.335659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEP.2006.335659","url":null,"abstract":"The low-loss wide-bandwidth capability of optoelectronic systems makes them attractive for the transmission and processing of microwave signals through optical fiber communication systems. In this paper we report a communication system that allows transmitting information point to point using microwave carriers generated with optoelectronic schemes. The generation of microwave signals with this technique allows mixing two optical signals that come from two different lasers. The first one is single mode and the second one is multi-longitudinal.","PeriodicalId":380710,"journal":{"name":"2006 Multiconference on Electronics and Photonics","volume":"23 25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128445906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative analysis of synchronous \"hiccup\" and nonsynchronous saw resonators on quartz","authors":"Y. Gulyaev, V. I. Grigorievski, V. Plessky","doi":"10.1109/MEP.2006.335634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEP.2006.335634","url":null,"abstract":"Designed and measured characteristics of \"hiccup\" and non-synchronous surface acoustic wave resonators on quartz are presented and analyzed. In \"hiccup\" configuration basic periodicity of interdigital transducer and reflectors is the same except for additional distance of a quarter of wavelength in between neighboring electrodes at the center of transducer. The configuration with different periods of transducer and reflectors is called as non-synchronous. The hiccup SAW resonators show significant degradation of quality factor that can be attributed to radiation of bulk waves. Measured characteristics of non-synchronous resonators agree well with calculations.","PeriodicalId":380710,"journal":{"name":"2006 Multiconference on Electronics and Photonics","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125992591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NG:YAG laser beam fundamental characteristics determination","authors":"O. M. Yero, L. M. Osorio","doi":"10.1109/MEP.2006.335629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEP.2006.335629","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a characterization of the beam emitted by a high-power Nd:YAG laser generator, designed and constructed for research, is performed. To accomplish this, the temporal stability of the pulses energy is measured and then the spatial distribution of the energy in different planes is showed. From this both the divergence of the laser beam in far field and the position and radius of his waist are calculated. It is also shown the advantages of using the Knife method for the measurement of laser beam features and the MAPLE program in the experimental data processing.","PeriodicalId":380710,"journal":{"name":"2006 Multiconference on Electronics and Photonics","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127552102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Ayala-Ramírez, R. Sanchez-Yanez, O. Ibarra-Manzano, F. Montecillo-Puente
{"title":"Probability density function approximation using fuzzy rules","authors":"V. Ayala-Ramírez, R. Sanchez-Yanez, O. Ibarra-Manzano, F. Montecillo-Puente","doi":"10.1109/MEP.2006.335667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEP.2006.335667","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present how to encode a probability density function (pdf) by using fuzzy logic. Our approach saves storage space when compared to approaches encoding the pdf in a lookup table. In addition, we do not need any interpolation scheme because the universal approximator capabilities of fuzzy systems. We present a procedure to optimally encode pdf values for unidimensional and bidimensional pdfs. We also evaluate the performance of our system with respect to the number of fuzzy sets used to describe pdfs in a symbolic way.","PeriodicalId":380710,"journal":{"name":"2006 Multiconference on Electronics and Photonics","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122626071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An unbiased fir filter for a polynomial model in presence of noise of arbitrary distribution","authors":"Y. Shmaliy","doi":"10.1109/MEP.2006.335644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MEP.2006.335644","url":null,"abstract":"An unbiased finite impulse response (FIR) filter is proposed to estimate the time interval error (TIE) K-degree polynomial model of a local clock in GPS-based timekeeping in presence of noise of arbitrary distribution.","PeriodicalId":380710,"journal":{"name":"2006 Multiconference on Electronics and Photonics","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121460226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}