Addictive Behaviors Reports最新文献

{"title":"Toward the classification of social media use disorder: Clinical characterization and proposed diagnostic criteria","authors":"Tania Moretta ,&nbsp;Elisa Wegmann","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Empirical studies and theoretical models highlight that problematic use of social media can lead to significant functional impairments in several domains, such as social, relational, occupational, and psychological functioning, as well as physical health. However, social media use disorder is not currently recognized as an official disorder in major diagnostic systems, limiting comparability among studies, precise prevalence estimation, and ad-hoc preventive and treatment program development. The present work aims to classify social media use disorder as a pathological condition sharing main mechanisms and maladaptive patterns with addictive behaviors. We discuss diagnostic criteria for social media use disorder by integrating peculiar features of this maladaptive behavior with criteria for substance use disorders and behavioral addictions from major diagnostic systems (i.e., DSM-5 and ICD-11). Moreover, we address some controversies related to the classification of social media use disorder as a behavioral addiction and highlight literature findings indicating social media use disorder shares main alterations in mechanisms and processes characterizing addiction (i.e., maladaptive activation of reward systems and impairment of inhibitory control mechanisms). Despite the lack of studies including clinical populations and the need for future research to validate the proposed criteria and refine knowledge of the mechanisms underlying this condition, our work provides a structured framework for classifying and identifying social media use disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100603"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flowing in the net of disordered gaming: A network analysis approach","authors":"Tyrone L. Burleigh ,&nbsp;Trent Footitt ,&nbsp;Michelle Colder Carras ,&nbsp;Connor Conkey-Morrison ,&nbsp;Dylan R. Poulus ,&nbsp;Vasileios Stavropoulos","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The experience of online flow, characterized by immersion and time distortion, may enhance gaming enjoyment but also contribute to disordered gaming patterns. The present paper examined online flow components and their associations with disordered gaming symptoms among 565 role-playing-gamers. Network analysis identified the centrality of time distortion and loss of control within flow states and highlighted their connections to disordered gaming indicators, such as impaired control and gaming prioritization. Enjoyment and positive challenge were core features within flow, suggesting they support adaptive engagement. However, pathways linking prolonged immersion with gaming disorder symptoms indicate that intense flow experiences may increase problematic gaming risks. These findings reveal a nuanced interaction between online flow and disordered gaming, where adaptive enjoyment and challenge can coexist with maladaptive control loss. Overall, the findings highlight how elements of flow can differentially affect gaming outcomes, contributing both to healthy engagement and potential disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100606"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E-cigarette and cannabis use among current and recently quit smokers: Co-use and Co-cessation","authors":"Deanna M. Halliday ,&nbsp;Anna V. Song ,&nbsp;Nhung Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Concurrent use of cigarettes with e-cigarette or cannabis (co-use) is common. It is unclear whether people who want to quit smoking cigarettes would also be interested in quitting using e-cigarettes/cannabis (co-cessation).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a survey of 391 Californian adults, participants reported past 30-day use of and intentions to quit cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and cannabis, and reasons for using e-cigarettes and/or cannabis. Using cross-tabulation tables, we examined the relationship between cigarette, e-cigarette, and cannabis cessation intentions. We subsequently examined how the reasons for using e-cigarettes and cannabis related to e-cigarette and cannabis use frequency, while controlling for cigarette use and demographic characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of those who used both cigarettes and e-cigarettes and planned to quit smoking within the next 30 days, 68.9 % also planned to quit using e-cigarettes. Of those who used both cigarettes and cannabis and intended to quit smoking within 30 days, 30.0 % also wanted to quit using cannabis within the same period. Using e-cigarettes or cannabis to aid with cigarette cessation had no impact on e-cigarette or cannabis use frequency.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Those who intended to quit smoking cigarettes within 30-days also expressed interest in quitting e-cigarettes or cannabis within the same period. Using e-cigarettes or cannabis to quit smoking was not related to higher frequency e-cigarette or cannabis use. Future interventions may promote co-cessation of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and cannabis simultaneously.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100611"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Reward Deficiency Syndrome Questionnaire among a non-clinical sample and its relationship with the characteristics of potentially addictive behaviors","authors":"Eszter Kotyuk ,&nbsp;Zsolt Demetrovics ,&nbsp;Róbert Urbán ,&nbsp;Andrea Czakó ,&nbsp;Kenneth Blum ,&nbsp;Mark D. Griffiths ,&nbsp;Marc N. Potenza ,&nbsp;Yaniv Efrati","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>The addiction literature conceptualizes problematic substance use and addictive behaviors (e.g., gambling disorder, gaming disorder) as having shared etiologies and phenomenologies. The reward deficiency syndrome (RDS) model proposes blunted responses to natural rewards that potentially contribute to the development of addictive behaviors. The 29-item Reward Deficiency Syndrome Questionnaire (RDSQ-29) was developed to assess RDS-related psychological-behavioral characteristics. The aim of the present study was to validate the Hebrew version of the RDSQ-29 and to provide empirical evidence for the relevance of RDS in addictive behaviors and related psychological features.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The sample comprised 961 Jewish Israeli young adults from the general community (age 19–27 years; M = 23.40 years [SD = 1.95]) who were assessed for personality characteristics (attachment styles, RDS, compulsive personality), internet gaming disorder (IGD), problematic use of social media use (PUSM), compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD), and gambling disorder (GD).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analysis confirmed the validity and factor structure of the RDSQ-29. RDSQ-29 scores showed a significant but weak association with anxiety, avoidance, and compulsive personality. Also, weak to modest relationships were found between RDSQ-29 scores and the severity of the four potential behavioral addictions.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The findings suggest that the Hebrew translation of the RDSQ-29 is a psychometrically sound instrument to assess RDS. Given that different potentially addictive and other problematic behaviors are associated with RDS, its assessment might be useful in prevention or screening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100598"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of binge drinking on the resting state functional connectivity of university Students: A follow-up study","authors":"Samuel Suárez-Suárez ,&nbsp;Fernando Cadaveira ,&nbsp;Alfonso Barrós-Loscertales ,&nbsp;José Manuel Pérez-García ,&nbsp;Socorro Rodríguez Holguín ,&nbsp;Javier Blanco-Ramos ,&nbsp;Sonia Doallo","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Binge Drinking (BD) is characterized by consuming large amounts of alcohol on one occasion, posing risks to brain function. Nonetheless, it remains the most prevalent consumption pattern among students. Cross-sectional studies have explored the relationship between BD and anomalies in resting-state functional connectivity (RS-FC), but the medium/long-term consequences of BD on RS-FC during developmental periods remain relatively unexplored. In this two-year follow-up study, the impact of sustained BD on RS-FC was investigated in 44 college students (16 binge-drinkers) via two fMRI sessions at ages 18–19 and 20–21. Using a seed-to-voxel approach, RS-FC differences were examined in nodes of the main brain functional networks vulnerable to alcohol misuse, according to previous studies. Group differences in RS-FC were observed in four of the explored brain regions. Binge drinkers, compared to the control group, exhibited, at the second assessment, decreased connectivity between the right SFG (executive control network) and right precentral gyrus, the ACC (salience network) and right postcentral gyrus, and the left amygdala (emotional network) and medial frontal gyrus/dorsal ACC. Conversely, binge drinkers showed increased connectivity between the right Nacc (reward network) and four clusters comprising bilateral middle frontal gyrus (MFG), right middle cingulate cortex, and right MFG extending to SFG. Maintaining a BD pattern during critical neurodevelopmental years impacts RS-FC, indicating mid-to-long-term alterations in functional brain organization. This study provides new insights into the neurotoxic effects of adolescent alcohol misuse, emphasizing the need for longitudinal studies addressing the lasting consequences on brain functional connectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100585"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unpacking the complexities in racial and ethnic discrimination and tobacco use and cannabis co-use behaviors among young adults in the U.S.","authors":"Stephanie Pike Moore ,&nbsp;Craig S. Fryer ,&nbsp;Eugenia Lee ,&nbsp;Kymberle L. Sterling","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>There is a general paucity of research describing the relationship between racial and ethnic discrimination (RED) and coping strategies on use of little filtered cigars and cigarillos (LCCs) across racial and ethnic identities. This research sought to unravel some of the complex, multilayered experiences of RED and subsequent coping strategies to examine the impact on LCC use.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data come from a cross-sectional survey conducted among a nationally representative sample of U.S. young adults (n = 1,178) in May 2022. Respondents were asked about their exposure to LCC marketing (systemic RED), interpersonal experiences of RED, coping strategies, and use of LCCs as-sold (tobacco only) or as a blunt (with marijuana). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine odds of LCC use examining systemic and interpersonal RED and the relationship between emotion-focused and problem-focused coping strategies among those who have experienced RED.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Exposure to systemic RED was associated with increased odds of blunt use. Interpersonal experiences of RED were associated with increased odds of LCC use as-sold and as blunts. Among those who experienced any RED, the impact of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping was differential across racial and ethnic identities in the impact on LCC use modality.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Systemic and interpersonal RED are independently associated with LCC use. There are considerable differences in how young adults cope with RED which necessitates additional research to further elucidate the complex pathways between RED and product use to more effectively inform strategies to address the undeniable racial and ethnic inequities in tobacco-related health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100593"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The temporal stability of problematic gaming and gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"An-Pyng Sun ,&nbsp;Chih-Hsiang Ho ,&nbsp;Daria J. Kuss ,&nbsp;Chad L. Cross","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Classifying problematic gaming/gaming disorder as a formal psychiatric diagnosis requires data on its level of temporal stability: are the dysfunctional symptoms transient or can they persist in the absence of treatment? To evaluate this question, we conducted a literature review and <em>meta</em>-analysis to investigate temporal stability in problematic gaming/gaming disorder. We identified 50 relevant longitudinal studies on PubMed, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS. Our review and <em>meta</em>-analysis engaged on two types of temporal stability: categorical stability and dimensional stability. We used MetaXL to run the <em>meta</em>-analysis for categorical stability. Our <em>meta</em>-analysis revealed that overall, the categorical stability rate was approximately 34–38% for the 2-year follow-up studies and approximately 43–45% for the 1-year follow-up studies. This indicates that between 1/3 and 1/2 of the gamers who initially met the threshold for problematic gaming/gaming disorder continued to meet such a threshold at follow-ups. Our <em>meta</em>-analysis included predominantly adolescent groups, which should be noted when generalizing the obtained categorical stability rates. Our review results also showed that overall, the dimensional stability was positive and statistically significant, indicating moderate or high correlations between symptom severity at baseline and at follow-ups. Temporal stability can be a complex concept. Our results suggest that although the categorical stability of problematic gaming/gaming disorder is not as strong as some major psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, it is similar to personality disorder and gambling disorder. Many complex factors may affect the temporal stability of problematic gaming/gaming disorder, possibly including severity of the disorder, whether the data is from clinical or nonclinical populations, and an individual’s age group or developmental stage. More methodologically rigorous longitudinal studies that address these issues are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100592"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological issues in behavioral addictions’ research: A call for an unbiased analysis of excessive behaviors","authors":"Yura Loscalzo,&nbsp;Marco Giannini","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the psychological literature, there has been a proliferation of new behavioral addictions, often biased by an aprioristic and confirmatory approach that applied the addiction framework without adequately considering other potential explanations of excessive behaviors. This position paper further extends the critiques previously pointed out in the literature by highlighting the methodological issues underlying the current behavioral addiction research and the need for future studies to avoid a confirmatory and aprioristic approach (whatever the etiological hypothesis). Analyzing repetitive behaviors in their own specifies could help find a balance between the risk of over-pathologizing common behaviors and not exploring new potential clinical disorders related to everyday (excessive) behaviors associated with functional impairment and deserving public health attention. Finally, we underline the value of recalling that if an existing diagnosis might explain the problematic behavior under consideration, a new clinical disorder should not be introduced in the literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive inflexibility moderates the relationship between relief-driven drinking motives and alcohol use","authors":"Lara R. Piccoli ,&nbsp;Lucy Albertella ,&nbsp;Erynn Christensen ,&nbsp;Leonardo F. Fontenelle ,&nbsp;Chao Suo ,&nbsp;Karyn Richardson ,&nbsp;Murat Yücel ,&nbsp;Rico S.C. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Drinking motives and neurocognition play significant roles in predicting alcohol use. There is limited research examining how relief-driven drinking motives interact with neurocognition in alcohol use, which would help to elucidate the neurocognitive-motivational profiles most susceptible to harmful drinking. This study investigated the interactions between neurocognition (response inhibition and cognitive flexibility) and relief-driven drinking, in predicting problem drinking.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – Consumption items (AUDIT-C) to measure drinking behaviour, and online cognitive tasks, including the Value-Modulated Attentional Capture and Reversal Task (VMAC-R) and the Stop Signal Task (SST). The sample (<em>N</em> = 368) were individuals who drink alcohol, which included a subsample (<em>N</em> = 52) with problematic drinking, as defined by self-identifying as having a primary drinking problem. Drinking motives were assessed using a binary coping question in the overall sample, and the Habit, Reward, and Fear Scale (HRFS) in the subsample. Moderation analyses were conducted to investigate whether cognitive flexibility and response inhibition moderated relationships between relief-driven motives and drinking.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Cognitive flexibility moderated the relationship between relief-driven motives and drinking (overall sample: β = 13.69, <em>p</em> = 0.017; subsample: β = 1.45, <em>p</em> = 0.013). Greater relief-driven motives were associated with heavier drinking for individuals with low cognitive flexibility. There was no significant interaction between response inhibition and relief-driven motives.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Relief-driven drinking motives interact with cognitive inflexibility to drive heavier drinking. Greater understanding of these neurocognitive-motivational mechanisms may help to develop more targeted and effective interventions for reducing harmful drinking.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100559"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352853224000361/pdfft?md5=4c19bd42811d9fb1f8c06c8da9a61e2c&pid=1-s2.0-S2352853224000361-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141486110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mokken scale analysis of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short-Form and the Gaming Disorder Test","authors":"Laura Maldonado-Murciano ,&nbsp;Halley M. Pontes ,&nbsp;Maite Barrios ,&nbsp;Juana Gómez-Benito ,&nbsp;Georgina Guilera","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, research on disordered gaming has grown substantially with researchers developing different psychometric tools for assessing it. Two of the most prominent assessment tools are the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short-Form (IGDS9-SF) and the Gaming Disorder Test (GDT), which evaluate disordered gaming under the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) frameworks, respectively. The main aim of this study was to assess and compare the scalability, reliability, and validity of both scales to determine if they effectively assess disordered gaming in a normative sample, through the Mokken Scale Analysis (MSA). A sample of 605 participants (42.31 % female, mean_age = 23.98 years, <em>SD</em> = 9.21 years) was recruited for the present study. Results showed that both the IGDS9-SF and GDT were unidimensional, with all items presenting latent monotonicity fitting in the Monotone Homogeneity Model (MHM). Item characteristic curves did not intersect and presented with adequate fit in the Double Monotonicity Model (DMM). These findings further support the psychometric adequacy of the IGDS9-SF and GDT, attesting to their suitability to assess disordered gaming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}