Addictive Behaviors Reports最新文献

{"title":"Loot box purchasing and indebtedness: The role of psychosocial factors and problem gambling","authors":"Anu Sirola,&nbsp;Jussi Nyrhinen,&nbsp;Julia Nuckols,&nbsp;Terhi-Anna Wilska","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Loot boxes are increasingly common random-reward monetization mechanisms in digital games. They are popular among gamblers and pose various risks due to their gambling-like nature, but little is known about psychosocial vulnerabilities and financial consequences of purchasing them. This article examined psychosocial associations with self-reported increase in loot box purchasing and indebtedness among past-year gamblers during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Cross-sectional survey data were collected in April 2021 from Finnish, Swedish, and British past-year gamblers aged 18 to 75 (n = 2,022). Measures of loneliness, psychological resilience, and problem gambling were studied in relation to loot box purchasing and indebtedness. Structural equation modeling was used as an analytical technique.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Loneliness was positively associated with self-reported increase in loot box purchasing. No evidence was found regarding the protective role of psychological resilience in loot box purchasing. Increased loot box purchasing was associated with problem gambling. Problem gambling mediated the relationship between loot box purchasing and indebtedness.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings bring valuable insight into the psychosocial vulnerabilities and financial consequences in loot box purchasing. Loot box purchasing can add to one’s financial strain particularly among vulnerable individuals such as problem gamblers, making it crucial to regulate such monetization practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100516"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49817692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Access to medication for opioid use disorder supported by telemedicine and healthcare coverage: A web-based survey during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Mollie A. Monnig ,&nbsp;Samantha E. Clark ,&nbsp;Hayley Treloar Padovano ,&nbsp;Alexander W. Sokolovsky ,&nbsp;Kimberly Goodyear ,&nbsp;Jasjit S. Ahluwalia ,&nbsp;Peter M. Monti","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><p>Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are highly effective in improving treatment outcomes and reducing overdose. Concerns about interrupted access to critical MOUD services led to expansion of telemedicine services during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. The current study tested the hypothesis that telemedicine usage and healthcare coverage would be significantly associated with access to MOUD in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>A cross-sectional online survey was administered to a non-probability sample from June 18-July 19, 2020 using the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Northeastern United States during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. At the time of the survey, federal regulators had waived the longstanding requirement for in-office visits for MOUD prescription receipt and provided guidance on increasing third-party payer reimbursement rates for telehealth visits in order to mitigate barriers to care associated with COVID-19 safety guidelines.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>Individuals 18 years or older residing in Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, or Rhode Island were eligible to complete the survey. The analytic sample was participants who reported using opioids not as prescribed by a physician in the past seven days.</p></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><p>Demographics, telemedicine usage, and healthcare coverage were assessed as explanatory variables. The primary outcome was whether participants reported ability to access MOUD in the past four weeks.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>In this sample of individuals who used illicit opioids in the past week (N = 191), one in two individuals who utilized telehealth or had healthcare coverage were able to access MOUD, whereas only one in five of their respective counterparts who did not have telehealth access or healthcare coverage were able to access these medications.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Telemedicine and healthcare coverage were associated with greater MOUD access early in the COVID-19 pandemic, when barriers to care were high. Such findings speak to the importance of not only extending but also formalizing temporary policy changes instituted during the pandemic to allow MOUD prescribing via telemedicine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/34/4b/main.PMC10507580.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41161372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of medical providers’ attitudes about naloxone and treating people with opioid use disorder and their self-reported low-barrier treatment practices","authors":"Rachel P. Winograd,&nbsp;Bridget Coffey,&nbsp;Melissa Nance,&nbsp;Ryan Carpenter","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Opioid-involved overdose deaths continue to climb, in part because of suboptimal access to and retention on medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), including buprenorphine. Low barrier buprenorphine treatment aims to reduce or eliminate the threshold for getting and staying on medication by providing immediate and long-term access to buprenorphine without strict rules or requirements. This study examines associations between medical providers’ beliefs about treating people with opioid use disorder (OUD) and naloxone access with their self-reported low-barrier buprenorphine prescribing practices. We surveyed and analyzed responses from providers (N = 86) who completed X-waiver courses in Missouri between March 2017 and September 2019, of which 55% (<em>n</em> = 47) both completed the full survey and endorsed prescribing buprenorphine since the training. The survey included questions about buprenorphine prescribing behaviors as well as the Naloxone-Related Risk Compensation Beliefs (NaRCC-B) scale and the Attitudes toward Patients with OUD scale. Analyses consisted of a series of linear and logistic regressions with the NaRCC-B and OUD Attitudes scales predicting various domains of low-barrier prescribing behaviors. Findings indicate medical providers’ beliefs about treating people with OUD are associated with their practice of addiction medicine, with individuals with more favorable views being more likely to endorse low-barrier buprenorphine prescribing practices including offering telemedicine and at-home inductions, prescribing higher doses of buprenorphine, treating larger caseloads, and discussing overdose risk and protective factors with their patients. Providers’ beliefs about naloxone being enabling were less related to their buprenorphine practices but strongly related to their likelihood of providing naloxone. Future research may examine which strategies effectively change prescriber attitudes and their adoption of lower-barrier prescribing practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49776475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of polysubstance use patterns on engagement of substance use disorder treatment among emergency department patients at high risk of opioid overdose","authors":"Fiona Bhondoekhan ,&nbsp;Yu Li ,&nbsp;Rachel Gaither ,&nbsp;Mackenzie M. Daly ,&nbsp;Benjamin D. Hallowell ,&nbsp;Laura C. Chambers ,&nbsp;Francesca L. Beaudoin ,&nbsp;Brandon D.L. Marshall","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Substance use patterns are diverse, and multiple substances are often involved in fatal and nonfatal overdoses. Additionally, polysubstance use is associated with greater difficulty accessing and remaining in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. The aim of this study was to identify substance use patterns and determine their association with SUD treatment engagement among emergency department (ED) patients at risk of opioid overdose.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a sub-analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing two behavioral interventions for individuals at two EDs in Rhode Island from 2018 to 2021. Past six-month substance use frequency for eight substances plus injection drug use was self-reported at trial enrollment, and SUD treatment engagement within 90 days after enrollment was obtained using administrative data linkages. Latent class analysis identified substance use patterns and multivariable log-binomial models estimated the association with SUD treatment engagement.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 607 participants, there were four substance use patterns: 1) low reported use (n = 295), 2) frequent injection and heroin use (n = 131), 3) high frequency broad polysubstance use (n = 62), and 4) low frequency broad polysubstance use (n = 119). Compared to participants with the low reported use pattern, those with the frequent injection and heroin pattern had a greater likelihood of SUD treatment engagement (adjusted risk ratio = 1.28; 95% confidence interval = 1.02–1.61).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Distinct and meaningful polysubstance use patterns showed differential SUD treatment engagement after ED discharge. Nuanced relationships between substance use patterns and treatment highlight the necessity for tailored harm reduction, treatment, and recovery services.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/69/21/main.PMC10450842.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10106839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between individual hallucinogens and hallucinogen misuse among U.S. Adults who recently initiated hallucinogen use","authors":"Grant Jones ,&nbsp;Felipe Herrmann ,&nbsp;Erica Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hallucinogen dependence and abuse are DSM-IV diagnoses that are associated with significant morbidity, yet the specific hallucinogens that are most strongly linked to dependence and abuse are understudied. We used recent data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2015–2020) and multivariable logistic regression to test the relationships that lifetime use of seven individual hallucinogens (MDMA/ecstasy, PCP, ketamine, psilocybin, LSD, peyote, and mescaline) shares with hallucinogen dependence and abuse among individuals who initiated hallucinogen use within the past two years (<em>N =</em> 5,252). We controlled for various demographic factors (sex, age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, self-reported engagement in risky behavior, annual household income, marital status) and lifetime use of various substances. Lifetime PCP use was associated with increased odds of hallucinogen dependence or abuse (aOR [95% CI]: 6.27 [1.51, 26.0]). Additionally, PCP increased the odds of three main hallucinogen dependence and abuse criteria measures (aOR [95% CI]: 4.45 [1.11, 17.8], 5.58 [1.42, 22.0], and 7.01 [1.87, 26.3]). LSD conferred increased odds of two criteria (aOR: 2.33 [1.37, 3.98] and 2.53 [1.48, 4.33]), while ketamine and mescaline each conferred increased odds of one criterion (aOR: 2.12 [1.03, 4.39]; 5.39 [1.05, 27.7]). Future longitudinal studies and Bayesian statistical analyses can further assess the relationships between hallucinogens and disordered hallucinogen use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100513"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10462802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10128291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors that influence decision-making among youth who vape and youth who don’t vape","authors":"Laura Struik ,&nbsp;Kyla Christianson ,&nbsp;Shaheer Khan ,&nbsp;Youjin Yang ,&nbsp;Saige-Taylor Werstuik ,&nbsp;Sarah Dow-Fleisner ,&nbsp;Shelly Ben-David","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vaping rates among Canadian youth are significantly higher compared to adults. While it is acknowledged that various personal and socio-environmental factors influence the risk of school-aged youth for vaping uptake, we don’t know which known behavior change factors are most influential, for whom, and how. The Unified Theory of Behavior (UTB) brings together theoretically-based behavior change factors that influence health risk decision making. We aimed to use this framework to study the factors that influence decision making around vaping among school-aged youth. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 25 youth aged 12 to 18 who were either vaped or didn't vape. We employed a collaborative and directed content analysis approach and the UTB constructs served as the coding framework for analysis. Gender differences were explored in the analysis. We found that multiple intersecting factors play a significant role in youth decision making to vape. Youth who vaped and those who did not vape reported similar mediating determinants that either reinforced or challenged their decision-making, such as easy access to vaping, constant exposure to vaping, and the temptation of flavors. Youth who didn't vape reported individual determinants that strengthened their intentions to not vape, including more negative behavioral beliefs (e.g., vaping is harmful) and normative beliefs (e.g., family disapproves), and strong self-efficacy (e.g. self-confidence). Youth who did vape, however, reported individual determinants that supported their intentions to vape, such as social identity, coolness, and peer endorsement. The findings revealed cohesion across multiple determinants, suggesting that consideration of multiple determinents when developing prevention messages would be beneficial for reaching youth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/be/b8/main.PMC10382621.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9919192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poor school performance and gambling among adolescents: Can the association be moderated by conditions in school?","authors":"Joakim Wahlström,&nbsp;Gabriella Olsson","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Protective factors of adolescent gambling at the school level and their buffering potential are scarcely explored in prior research. This study aims to examine the protective possibility of low student–teacher ratio on youth gambling, both directly and by moderating the effect of low school performance.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data were derived from the 2016 Stockholm school survey, collected among 5,221 grade 11 students (∼17–18 years) in 46 schools, with information on schools’ composition and student–teacher ratio obtained through registers. Gambling and risk gambling were coded as binary variables. School performance was captured by self-reported marks in three core subjects, dichotomised into average/above average and below average, respectively. Student-teacher ratio was used both as a continuous and trichotomised variable. Two-level binary logistic regression analyses were performed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A below average school performance was associated with gambling and risk gambling but the association with gambling was only statistically significant at the 10%-level in the fully adjusted model. Student-teacher ratio was not directly associated with gambling and risk gambling but moderated the associations between school performance and both gambling and risk gambling, as these relationships were less pronounced in schools with a low student–teacher ratio.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In sum, a low student–teacher ratio may protect students from gambling and risk gambling by buffering against the adverse effects of other risk factors, such as poor school performance. These findings suggest that a higher teacher density in upper secondary schools can be beneficial beyond school matters by positively influencing student behaviour outside of school.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10372366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9912009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should problematic sexual behavior be viewed under the scope of addiction? A systematic review based on DSM-5 substance use disorder criteria","authors":"Natasha Pistre ,&nbsp;Benoît Schreck ,&nbsp;Marie Grall-Bronnec ,&nbsp;Melina Fatseas","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Despite similarities between compulsive sexual disorder and substance use disorder, the issue whether problematic sexual behavior should be viewed within an addiction framework continues to be a subject of debate with no consensus regarding its conceptualization and diagnosis criteria. Examining the presence of addiction criteria among clinical and no clinical samples in the existing literature could permit to ascertain clinical validity of sex addiction diagnosis and support its overlapping feature with other addictive disorders. The aim of this systematic review was to examine this issue by assessing DSM-5 criteria of substance use disorder among individuals engaged in problematic sexual activity. <em>Methods:</em> Using PRISMA criteria, three databases were comprehensively searched up to April 2022, in order to identify all candidate studies based on broad key words. Resulting studies were then selected if they examined problematic sexual behavior within the framework of DSM-5 addiction criteria. <em>Results:</em> Twenty articles matched the selection criteria and were included in this review. DSM-5 criteria of addictive disorders were found to be highly prevalent among problematic sex users, particularly craving, loss of control over sex use, and negative consequences related to sexual behavior. Exposition to sexual cues was also shown to trigger craving, with an association to problematic use and symptom severity. <em>Conclusions:</em> More studies should been done to assess homogeneously according to the DSM-5 criteria the addiction-like features of problematic sexual behaviors in clinical and no-clinical populations. Furthermore, this work argues for the need of further research to examine the extent to which anti-craving interventions could be effective in improving clinical outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100510"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/55/4b/main.PMC10374865.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9909513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric properties and measurement invariance across gender of the Compulsive Online Shopping Scale (COSS) among Iranians","authors":"Mehdi Akbari ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Bahadori ,&nbsp;Salar Khanbabaei ,&nbsp;Bahman Boruki Milan ,&nbsp;Srikant Manchiraju ,&nbsp;Marcantonio M. Spada","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Compulsive Online Shopping Scale (COSS) in an Iranian population. The total sample of 802 participants (257 females; Mean age = 22.27, SD = 2.83) were selected via convenience sampling from Tehran, Iran. Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported the 7-factor structure of the COSS as proposed in the original study. The measurement invariance found in this study suggests that the COSS provides sufficiently unbiased use among males and females. The current findings also support the concurrent validity of the Persian COSS, which exhibited positive and significant associations with loneliness, impulsivity, obsession, internalized symptoms, and Internet use. Furthermore, results confirm the convergent validity of the Persian COSS and showcased acceptable internal consistency for all factors, and the total score. The findings of the present study indicate that compulsive online shopping could be assessed adequately in Iranian samples using the COSS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/02/cd/main.PMC10371791.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9912008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-cultural fMRI investigation of cannabis approach bias in individuals with cannabis use disorder","authors":"Lauren Kuhns ,&nbsp;Emese Kroon ,&nbsp;Francesca Filbey ,&nbsp;Janna Cousijn","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>As cannabis policies and attitudes become more permissive, it is crucial to examine how the legal and social environment influence neurocognitive mechanisms underlying cannabis use disorder (CUD). The current study aimed to assess whether cannabis approach bias, one of the mechanisms proposed to underlie CUD, differed between environments with distinct recreational cannabis policies (Amsterdam, The Netherlands (NL) and Dallas, Texas, United States of America (TX)) and whether individual differences in cannabis attitudes affect those differences.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Individuals with CUD (NL-CUD: 64; TX-CUD: 48) and closely matched non-using controls (NL-CON: 50; TX-CON: 36) completed a cannabis approach avoidance task (CAAT) in a 3T MRI. The cannabis culture questionnaire was used to measure cannabis attitudes from three perspectives: personal, family/friends, and state/country attitudes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Individuals with CUD demonstrated a significant behavioral cannabis-specific approach bias. Individuals with CUD exhibited higher cannabis approach bias-related activity in clusters including the paracingulate gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, and frontal medial cortex compared to controls, which was no longer significant after controlling for gender. Site-related differences emerged in the association between cannabis use quantity and cannabis approach bias activity in the putamen, amygdala, hippocampus, and insula, with a positive association in the TX-CUD group and a negative association in the NL-CUD group. This was not explained by site differences in cannabis attitudes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Pinpointing the underlying mechanisms of site-related differences—including, but not limited to, differences in method of administration, cannabis potency, or patterns of substance co-use—is a key challenge for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0a/96/main.PMC10359718.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9918956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}