Addictive Behaviors Reports最新文献

{"title":"Impacts of stigma and discrimination on people with obesity who smoke cigarettes","authors":"Liza A. Kolbasov ,&nbsp;Arryn A. Guy ,&nbsp;Cara M. Murphy","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stigma is the state of social devaluation due to a trait or group identity; weight and smoking-based self-, felt-, and enacted stigma may have detrimental health effects and pose barriers to smoking cessation. This study examined associations between stigma, discrimination, and health for people with overweight or obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25) who smoke cigarettes (cigarettes smoked/day ≥ 5) who reported interest in quitting smoking and minimizing weight gain. Participants (<em>N</em> = 63; predominantly women (81.0 %), White (63.5 %) or Black/African American (31.7 %), and heterosexual (85.7 %) with 50 % having a yearly income below $50,000) completed the measures of stigma (i.e., Weight Bias Internalization Scale and Internalized Stigma of Smoking Inventory), discrimination (i.e., Everyday Discrimination Scale), and symptoms of depression, weight, smoking, nicotine dependence, and concerns about gaining weight while quitting smoking were measured. Those who reported more internalization of weight bias and more everyday discrimination reported greater depressive symptomatology and greater concern about gaining weight while quitting smoking, with depressive symptomatology fully mediating both internalization of weight bias and everyday discrimination’s relation with concern about gaining weight while quitting smoking. There was also an association of smoking felt-stigma, but not self- or enacted-stigma, with symptoms of depression. Stigma’s associations with symptoms of depression and post-cessation weight concern suggest barriers to effective behavior change, and interventions may consider targeting processes for coping with stigma experienced by this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100582"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress on current drug use among healthcare workers: Differences by occupational level","authors":"Sylvia A. Okon ,&nbsp;Tourna N. Khan ,&nbsp;Nora J. Duffy ,&nbsp;Carson C. Roan ,&nbsp;Rachel A. Hoopsick","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Work-related stress has been well-examined among physicians, but little is known about how it might affect drug use or healthcare workers in lower-wage occupations characterized by high job demands and low occupational autonomy (e.g., medical assistants, nursing assistants). We collected data from a diverse sample of healthcare workers (<em>N</em> = 200) and separately examined the cross-sectional relationships between several work-related experiences (i.e., compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress) and measures of current drug use (i.e., non-medical use of prescription drugs [NMUPD], cannabis use, and illicit drug use). We then examined for differences in these relationships by occupational level (i.e., prescriber/administrator vs. other healthcare worker). In main effects models, greater burnout and secondary traumatic stress were both associated with higher odds of NMUPD, cannabis use, and illicit drug use (<em>ps</em> &lt; 0.01). Greater compassion satisfaction was associated with lower odds of illicit drug use (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), but not with NMUPD or cannabis use (<em>ps</em> &gt; 0.05). There was a significant interaction between secondary traumatic stress and occupational level on NMUPD (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) such that there was no relationship among prescribers/administrators, but the likelihood of NMUPD increased with greater secondary traumatic stress among other healthcare workers. Similar trend-level interactions were observed between secondary traumatic stress and occupational level on cannabis use (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.10) and between burnout and occupational level on NMUPD. Burnout and secondary traumatic stress may contribute to drug use, and lower-wage healthcare workers may be especially vulnerable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100584"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11774798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Difficulties with positive, but not negative, emotion regulation moderate the association between positive alcohol expectancies and alcohol use in college students","authors":"Katherine Shircliff,&nbsp;Haley Coronado,&nbsp;Madeline McClinchie,&nbsp;Caroline Cummings","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2025.100583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Positive alcohol expectancies are linked to increased alcohol use among college students. Difficulties regulating emotion have been shown to moderate this relationship, though little research accounts for differences based on the valence of the emotion being regulated.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the independent moderating roles of positive and negative emotion dysregulation on the association between positive alcohol expectancies and alcohol use.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>College students (N = 165, M_age = 20.48, SD_age = 1.90; 66.1 % Female; 66.7 % White; 65.5 % non-Hispanic) who reported regular substance use (≥ 3 times in the past week) completed a one-time survey. Linear regression analyses with moderation were conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Correlational analyses suggested that positive alcohol expectancies, positive emotion dysregulation, and negative emotion dysregulation were positively associated with greater alcohol use. Linear regression analyses indicated that difficulties with positive emotion regulation moderated the relationship between positive alcohol expectancies and alcohol use. However, difficulties with negative emotion regulation did not moderate this relationship. College students who reported greater positive alcohol expectancies and concurrently greater difficulties with positive emotion regulation also report greater alcohol consumption, compared to those who reported greater positive alcohol expectancies and fewer difficulties regulating positive emotion.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Difficulties with positive, not negative, emotion regulation may serve as a risk factor for hazardous alcohol use in college students. Findings may inform the modification of existing intervention programs across university counseling centers and other health sectors to promote the development of positive emotion regulation skills for individuals who endorse positive emotion regulation difficulties, thereby reducing hazardous alcohol use amid this high-risk developmental period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11764778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among school-going adolescents in 53 African countries: Evidence from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey","authors":"Retselisitsoe Pokothoane ,&nbsp;Terefe Gelibo Agerfa ,&nbsp;Christus Cito Miderho ,&nbsp;Noreen Dadirai Mdege","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Tobacco use typically begins during adolescence. There is a lack of comprehensive evidence on the use of different tobacco products among adolescents in Africa.</div></div><div><h3>Aims and Methods</h3><div>We used the most recent Global Youth Tobacco Surveys from 53 African countries, covering 2003–2020, to estimate the overall and gender-specific prevalence of each type of tobacco product by country, Africa region, World Bank income group, and age group among adolescents aged 11–17 years. We further used Logit regressions to assess the determinants of<!--> <!-->using different<!--> <!-->tobacco products.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall prevalence of any tobacco use among<!--> <!-->adolescents was 14.3 % [95 % CI: 13.5, 15.3]. Specifically, the prevalence for cigarettes<!--> <!-->was 6.4 % [95 % CI: 5.9, 7.0], for other smoked tobacco was 6.7 % [95 % CI: 6.0, 7.4], for smokeless tobacco use was 6.4 % [95 % CI: 5.9, 6.9], and for shisha smoking was 5.2 % [95 % CI: 4.4, 6.1]. The prevalence of dual use of smoked and smokeless tobacco was 3.0 % [95 % CI: 2.8, 3.2], and that of shisha and cigarettes was 1.5 % [95 % CI: 1.2, 2.0]. Any<!--> <!-->tobacco use prevalence was higher among boys (17.4 %) than girls (10.6 %). Seeing health warnings about tobacco dangers, exposure to smoking at home and school, the age restriction to tobacco purchases, and peer pressure were positively associated with the<!--> <!-->use of all tobacco<!--> <!-->products. Being a female was negatively associated with tobacco use across all products.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Policymakers should prioritize implementing large pictorial health warnings about tobacco dangers covering the entire packaging of different products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11774806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel, multi-component contingency management intervention in the context of a syndemic of drug-related harms in Glasgow, Scotland: First year of the ‘WAND’ initiative","authors":"S. Smith ,&nbsp;K.M.A. Trayner ,&nbsp;J. Campbell ,&nbsp;A. McAuley ,&nbsp;J. Craik ,&nbsp;C. Hunter ,&nbsp;S. Priyadarshi ,&nbsp;S.J. Hutchinson","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To address high levels of drug-related harms among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Glasgow, a novel contingency management intervention was developed to engage high-risk PWID with four harm reduction measures (known as the WAND initiative: <strong>W</strong>ound care, <strong>A</strong>ssessment of injecting, <strong>N</strong>aloxone, and <strong>D</strong>ried blood-spot test). Our aims were to assess if WAND engaged and re-engaged high-risk PWID.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Baseline data of WAND participants (n = 831) from 1st Sept-2020 to 30th Aug-2021 were analysed. For those who took part in the first six months, extent of re-engagement was determined and, among those re-engaged, intervention coverage was compared between baseline and final engagement.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among those who first engaged in WAND from Sept 2020-Feb 2021 (n = 546), 40 % re-engaged by Aug 2021. Compared to those who engaged once (n = 321), those who re-engaged (n = 215) within one year had higher baseline prevalence of injecting risk behaviours such as injecting daily (56 % vs 64 %, p = 0.032), injecting away from home (42 % vs 52 %, p = 0.0179), injecting cocaine (56 % vs 75 %, p &lt; 0.001), having an SSTI (40 % vs 60 %, p &lt; 0.001), and been prescribed naloxone (57 % vs 72 %, p &lt; 0.001). For those who re-engaged six months to one year after initial engagement (n = 107), there was a significant increase in having a BBV test in the last six months (61 % to 81 %, p = 0.003) and carrying naloxone (22 % to 32 %, p = 0.011).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>WAND was able to engage and re-engage large numbers of high-risk PWID with multiple harm reduction initiatives. These findings suggest contingency management could be a useful tool for harm reduction services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11761270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the relationship between proactive e-alcohol therapy and symptoms of anxiety or/and depression: Post-hoc analyses from a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Kia Kejlskov Egan ,&nbsp;Veronica Pisinger ,&nbsp;Ulrik Becker ,&nbsp;Janne Schurmann Tolstrup","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Individuals with problematic alcohol use often face anxiety and depressive symptoms, which can hinder treatment engagement, compliance, and effectiveness. Psychosocial therapy through video conference (e-alcohol therapy) may reduce these barriers. We explored whether 1) anxiety or/and depressive symptoms modify the effect of proactive e-alcohol therapy on treatment initiation, compliance, and alcohol intake, 2) proactive e-alcohol therapy impacts anxiety or/and depressive symptoms compared to standard care.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants with problematic alcohol use were recruited online and randomly assigned to proactive e-alcohol therapy or standard care. Problematic alcohol use was defined by an 8+ score on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-4.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>356 individuals participated; 133 showed moderate-severe symptoms of anxiety and depression at baseline. There were no significant differences between individuals with and without moderate-severe anxiety or/and depressive symptoms in the effect of proactive e-alcohol therapy versus standard care on treatment initiation (3 mo: p = 0.64; 12 mo: p = 0.97), compliance (3 mo: p = 0.40; 12 mo: p = 0.58), or alcohol intake (3 mo: p = 0.86; 12 mo: p = 0.90). No significant differences were found in the proportion of participants with moderate-severe anxiety and depressive symptoms between the two intervention groups after 3 months (OR 0.6; 95 % CI 0.3 to 1.4; p = 0.27).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We found no evidence that anxiety or/and depressive symptoms modify the effect of proactive e-alcohol therapy on treatment initiation, compliance, or alcohol intake. Proactive e-alcohol therapy matched standard care in reducing anxiety or/and depressive symptoms over a 3-month follow-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11696633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nicotine and cannabis vaping among early high school adolescents: Disparities of use across sociodemographic characteristics and associations with psychosocial factors","authors":"Christine M. Steeger ,&nbsp;Charleen J. Gust ,&nbsp;Alyssa F. Harlow ,&nbsp;Christopher Cambron ,&nbsp;Jessica Barrington-Trimis ,&nbsp;Katie Massey Combs ,&nbsp;Ashley Brooks-Russell ,&nbsp;Karl G. Hill","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong>Objective.</strong> This study examines whether adolescent nicotine and cannabis vaping types (i.e., nicotine-only, cannabis-only, and dual use) differ across sociodemographic and school characteristics (e.g., age, gender, sexual identity, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status [SES], school setting/type), and associations of vaping types with psychosocial factors. <strong>Methods.</strong> From 2021 to 2022, 9th and 10th grade adolescents (N = 2,476) in Colorado and Ohio participated in a survey measuring vaping behaviors and psychosocial factors including substance use attitudes, alcohol use, mental health, aggression, and family and school risk and protective factors. <strong>Results.</strong> Past month vaping prevalence was 89.7 % for non-use, 5.9 % for nicotine-only, 1.0 % for cannabis-only, and 3.4 % for dual use. Chi-square tests of independence showed several significant sociodemographic differences for past month vaping: higher nicotine-only vaping prevalence for females (vs. males) (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), higher nicotine-only and dual vaping prevalence for LGB+ (vs. heterosexual) youth (<em>p</em>s &lt; 0.01), higher dual vaping prevalence for Hispanic and multiethnic (vs. White) adolescents (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), and higher nicotine-only, cannabis-only, and dual vaping prevalence for lower (vs. higher) mother education (<em>p</em>s &lt; 0.001). Regression models examining associations between vaping types (vs. non-use) and psychosocial factors indicated a robust pattern of worse levels of substance use attitudes, alcohol use, mental health, aggression, and family and school factors for nicotine-only and dual users. Results followed a similar pattern but to a lesser degree for cannabis-only users. <strong>Conclusions.</strong> Findings identify characteristics of adolescents who may be particularly vulnerable to higher vaping risk (females, LGB+, Hispanic, multiethnic, low SES) and suggest needs for preventive interventions aimed to reduce all types of vaping for better adolescent behavioral health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency care utilization in persons with substance related diagnoses","authors":"Wayne Kepner ,&nbsp;Natasia S. Courchesne-Krak ,&nbsp;Nora Satybaldiyeva ,&nbsp;Rekha Narasimhan ,&nbsp;Carla B. Marienfeld","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Substance use is a significant contributor to emergency department (ED) visits. Little is known about ED utilization patterns of individuals with substance related diagnosis (SRD). We used electronic health records (EHR) from a large healthcare system in California to examine ED healthcare utilization and socio-demographic characteristics of individuals with SRDs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used EHR data on all adult patients in our health system from April 2012 through September 2019 to conduct adjusted logistic regression models to determine socio-demographic correlates of SRDs (e.g., use, misuse, dependence) and associations between having an SRD and receiving emergency care.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the sample (n = 342,651), the majority were female (55.08 %), Non-Hispanic White (58.10 %), with mean age of 48.26 (SD = 18.10), and there were 18,015 (5.26 %) individuals with an SRD. Patients with an alcohol-related diagnosis had the highest odds of visiting the ED (aOR = 3.75), followed by those with opioid (aOR = 3.57) and stimulant-related diagnoses (aOR = 3.48). Individuals with an SRD were more likely to identify as male, Black/African American, Hispanic/Latinx, have no health insurance, and have a serious mental illness. In the adjusted model, those with an SRD were significantly more likely to have ever received emergency care (aOR 3.72 [95 % CI 3.62–3.84]) than those without an SRD.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Our study found an association between having an SRD and utilizing emergency health services. Demographic characteristics suggest disparities exist for those with SRDs around gender, race/ethnicity, insurance status, and mental health. These data can help with screening and targeted responses to prevent or provide emergency care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100573"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco, cannabis, alcohol, and polysubstance use disparities among sexual identity groups of US young adult women and men","authors":"Erin A. Vogel ,&nbsp;Katelyn F. Romm ,&nbsp;Carla J. Berg","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sexual minority young adults (SMYAs) display higher rates of polysubstance use (i.e., current use of multiple substances) than their heterosexual peers, but limited research has explored differences by gender and specific sexual identity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Latent class analyses (LCAs) examined past-month use of combustible tobacco (i.e., cigarettes, cigars, hookah), e-cigarettes, cannabis, and alcohol among 2,343 YAs (<em>M</em>_age = 24.69, SD = 4.70; 57.4 % women, 42.6 % men; 18.0 % bisexual, 9.4 % gay or lesbian; 36.2% racial/ethnic minority) residing in 6 US metropolitan areas. Multinomial logistic regressions examined associations among sexual identity (bisexual, gay/lesbian, heterosexual) and polysubstance use classes among women (<em>n</em> = 1,345) and men (<em>n</em> = 998), separately.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>LCA yielded a 5-class solution: primarily-alcohol use (29.5%), polysubstance use (i.e., use of all 4 substances, 24.3%), non-use (18.1%), cannabis and alcohol co-use (16.3%), and e-cigarette, cannabis, and alcohol co-use (11.8%). Bisexual and lesbian (vs. heterosexual) women displayed lower odds of primarily-alcohol use, whereas bisexual (vs. heterosexual) women displayed higher odds of polysubstance use, as well as e-cigarette, cannabis, and alcohol co-use. Bisexual (vs. heterosexual) men displayed lower odds of primarily-alcohol use, whereas gay (vs. heterosexual) men displayed lower odds of polysubstance use, as well as e-cigarette, cannabis, and alcohol co-use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Bisexual women were at greatest risk for polysubstance use of combustible tobacco, e-cigarettes, cannabis, and alcohol, whereas bisexual and gay men were at lower risk than heterosexual men for polysubstance use. Results underscore the need for tailored interventions and campaigns to consider patterns of co-occurring tobacco, cannabis, and alcohol use, particularly for bisexual women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100571"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of provoked stress on model-free and model-based reinforcement learning in individuals with alcohol use disorder","authors":"Florent Wyckmans ,&nbsp;Armand Chatard ,&nbsp;Charles Kornreich ,&nbsp;Damien Gruson ,&nbsp;Nemat Jaafari ,&nbsp;Xavier Noël","doi":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.abrep.2024.100574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>From both clinical and theoretical perspectives, understanding the functionality of evaluative reinforcement learning mechanisms (Model-Free, MF, and Model-Based, MB) under provoked stress, particularly in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), is crucial yet underexplored. This study aims to evaluate whether individuals with AUD who do not seek treatment show a greater tendency towards retrospective behaviors (MF) rather than prospective and deliberative simulations (MB) compared to controls. Additionally, it examines the impact of induced social stress on these decision-making processes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cohort comprising 117 participants, including 55 individuals with AUD and 62 controls, was examined. Acute social stress was induced through the socially evaluated cold pressor task (SECPT), followed by engagement in a Two-Step Markov task to assess MB and MF learning tendencies. We measured hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis stress response using salivary cortisol levels.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both groups showed similar baseline cortisol levels and responses to the SECPT. Our findings indicate that participants with AUD exhibit a reduced reliance on MB strategies compared to those without AUD. Furthermore, stress decreases reliance on MB strategies in healthy participants, but this effect is not observed in those with AUD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>An atypical pattern of stress modulation impacting the balance between MB and MF reinforcement learning was identified in individuals with AUD who are not seeking treatment. Potential explanations for these findings and their clinical implications are explored.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38040,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}