Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"High-dose Irradiation Stimulated Breast Tumor Microenvironment to Enhance Tumor Cell Growth and Decrease Tumor Cell Motility.","authors":"Sepehr Torabinejad,&nbsp;Shokouhozaman Soleymanifard,&nbsp;Sima Sayyah,&nbsp;Fatemeh Behnam Rasouli","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2008-1167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2008-1167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Surgery and radiotherapy are two main modalities of breast cancer treatment. However, surgery affects the tumor microenvironment negatively and promotes the growth of possible malignant cells remaining in the tumor bed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aimed to investigate the effects of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) on the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, the effect of surgical wound fluid (WF), collected from operated and irradiated patients on the growth and motility of a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was assessed.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this experimental study, preoperative blood serum (PS) and secreted WF from 18 patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery (IORT-) and 19 patients who received IORT following surgery (IORT+) were collected. The samples were purified and added to MCF-7 cultures. Two groups of the cells were treated with and without fetal bovine serum (FBS) and used as positive and negative controls. Applying 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and scratch wound healing assays, the growth and motility of MCF-7 cells were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cell growth of the cells receiving WF from IORT+ patients (WF+) was statistically higher than the corresponding values of the cells received PS or WF from IORT- patients (WF-) (<i>P</i><0.01). Both WF+ and WF- decreased the cells' migration ability compared to PS (<i>P</i><0.02) and FBS (<i>P</i><0.002), although WF+ caused a more significant reduction (<i>P</i><0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Wound fluid extracted from breast cancer patients who underwent both surgery and IORT increased the growth of breast tumor cells, but decreased their ability to migrate.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"13 3","pages":"209-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/87/cd/JBPE-13-209.PMC10258208.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9629722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Hardware-Software System for Accurate Segmentation of Phonocardiogram Signal.","authors":"Mohammad Mehdi Movahedi,&nbsp;Mohamadreza Shakerpour,&nbsp;Shahrokh Mousavi,&nbsp;Ahmad Nori,&nbsp;Seyyed Hesam Mousavian Dehkordi,&nbsp;Hossein Parsaei","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2104-1301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2104-1301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal provides valuable information for diagnosing heart diseases. However, its applications in quantitative analyses of heart function are limited because the interpretation of this signal is difficult. A key step in quantitative PCG is the identification of the first and second sounds (S1 and S2) in this signal.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to develop a hardware-software system for synchronized acquisition of two signals electrocardiogram (ECG) and PCG and to segment the recorded PCG signal via the information provided in the acquired ECG signal.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this analytical study, we developed a hardware-software system for real-time identification of the first and second heart sounds in the PCG signal. A portable device to capture synchronized ECG and PCG signals was developed. Wavelet de-noising technique was used to remove noise from the signal. Finally, by fusing the information provided by the ECG signal (R-peaks and T-end) into a hidden Markov model (HMM), the first and second heart sounds were identified in the PCG signal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ECG and PCG signals from 15 healthy adults were acquired and analyzed using the developed system. The average accuracy of the system in correctly detecting the heart sounds was 95.6% for S1 and 93.4% for S2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presented system is cost-effective, user-friendly, and accurate in identifying S1 and S2 in PCG signals. Therefore, it might be effective in quantitative PCG and diagnosing heart diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"13 3","pages":"261-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b9/7b/JBPE-13-261.PMC10258203.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9623615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the Radiation Treatment Planning of Brain Tumors by Integration of Functional MRI and White Matter Tractography.","authors":"Arman Boroun,&nbsp;Hamid Gholamhosseinian,&nbsp;Alireza Montazerabadi,&nbsp;Seyed Hadi Molana,&nbsp;Fakhereh Pashaei","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2210-1547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2210-1547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) present the ability to selectively protect functional regions and fiber tracts of the brain when brain tumors are treated with radiotherapy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess whether the incorporation of fMRI and DTI data into the radiation treatment planning process of brain tumors could prevent the neurological parts of the brain from high doses of radiation.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this investigational theoretical study, the fMRI and DTI data were obtained from eight glioma patients. This patient-specific fMRI and DTI data were attained based on tumor location, the patient's general conditions, and the importance of the functional and fiber tract areas. The functional regions, fiber tracts, anatomical organs at risk, and the tumor were contoured for radiation treatment planning. Finally, the radiation treatment planning with and without fMRI & DTI information was obtained and compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean dose to the functional areas and the maximum doses were reduced by 25.36% and 18.57% on fMRI & DTI plans compared with the anatomical plans. In addition, 15.59% and 20.84% reductions were achieved in the mean and maximum doses of the fiber tracts, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated the feasibility of using fMRI and DTI data in radiation treatment planning to maximize radiation protection of the functional cortex and fiber tracts. The mean and maximum doses significantly decreased to neurologically relevant brain regions, resulting in reducing the neuro-cognitive complications and improving the patient's quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"13 3","pages":"239-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/94/8d/JBPE-13-239.PMC10258212.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9623612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Glenohumeral Joint Contact Forces and Kinematics in Different Keyboard and Monitor Setups using Opensim.","authors":"Milad Gholami,&nbsp;Alireza Choobineh,&nbsp;Mohammad Taghi Karimi,&nbsp;Azizallah Dehghan,&nbsp;Mohammad Abdoli-Eramaki","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2210-1450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2210-1450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The musculoskeletal complaints of the shoulder are prevalent in people who work with computers for a long time.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the glenohumeral joint contact forces and kinematics in different keyboards and monitor setups using OpenSim.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Twelve randomly selected healthy males participated in an experimental study. A 3×3 factorial design was used in which three angles were considered for the monitor and three horizontal distances for the keyboard while performing standard tasks. The workstation was adjusted based on ANSI/HFES-100-2007 standard to maintain a comfortable ergonomic posture for controlling confounding variables. Qualisys motion capture system and OpenSim were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The maximum mean range of motion (ROM) of both shoulders' flexion and adduction was observed when the keyboard was 15 cm from the edge of the desk, and the monitor angle was 30°. The maximum mean ROM of both shoulders' internal rotation was recorded for the keyboard at the edge of the desk. Peak forces for most right shoulder complex muscles were obtained in two setups. 3D shoulder joint moments were significantly different among nine setups (<i>P</i>-value<0.05). The peak anteroposterior and mediolateral joint contact forces were recorded for the keyboard at 15 cm and the monitor at zero angles (0.751 and 0.780 N/BW, respectively). The peak vertical joint contact force was observed for the keyboard at 15 cm and the monitor at 15° (0.310 N/BW).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The glenohumeral joint contact forces are minimum for the keyboard at 8 cm and the monitor at zero angles.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"13 3","pages":"281-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/65/0c/JBPE-13-281.PMC10258209.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9629725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dosimetry Evaluation of Treatment Planning Systems in Patient-Specific 3D Printed Anthropomorphic Phantom for Breast Cancer after Mastectomy using a Single-Beam 3D-CRT Technique for Megavoltage Electron Radiation Therapy.","authors":"Endarko Endarko,&nbsp;Siti Aisyah,&nbsp;Aditya Prayugo Hariyanto,&nbsp;Mohammad Haekal,&nbsp;Nandia Kavilani,&nbsp;Ahmad Syafi'i","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2111-1428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2111-1428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The patient-specific 3D printed anthropomorphic phantom is used for breast cancer after mastectomy developed by the laboratory of medical physics and biophysics, Department of Physics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia. This phantom is applied to simulate and measure the radiation interactions occurring in the human body either using the treatment planning system (TPS) or direct measurement with external beam therapy (EBT) 3 film.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to provide dose measurements in the patient-specific 3D printed anthropomorphic phantom using a TPS and direct measurements using single-beam three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) technique with electron energy of 6 MeV.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this experimental study, the patient-specific 3D printed anthropomorphic phantom was used for post-mastectomy radiation therapy. TPS on the phantom was conducted using a 3D-CRT technique with RayPlan 9A software. The single-beam radiation was delivered to the phantom with an angle perpendicular to the breast plane at 337.3° at 6 MeV with a total prescribed dose of 5000 cGy/25 fractions with 200 cGy per fraction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The doses at planning target volume (PTV) and right lung confirmed a non-significant difference both for TPS and direct measurement with <i>P</i>-values of 0.074 and 0.143, respectively. The dose at the spinal cord showed statistically significant differences with a <i>P</i>-value of 0.002. The result presented a similar skin dose value using either TPS or direct measurement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The patient-specific 3D printed anthropomorphic phantom for breast cancer after mastectomy on the right side has good potential as an alternative to the evaluation of dosimetry for radiation therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"13 3","pages":"217-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/03/3c/JBPE-13-217.PMC10258204.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9629726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Treatment Plan Quality between Flattening Filter and Flattening Filter Free Photon Beam for Carcinoma of the Esophagus with IMRT Technique.","authors":"Dinesh Kumar Saroj,&nbsp;Suresh Yadav,&nbsp;Neetu Paliwal,&nbsp;Subhas Haldar,&nbsp;Amol Jagtap,&nbsp;Arvind Kumar","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2108-1381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2108-1381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As compared to the flattened photon beam, removing the flattening filter (FF) from the head of a gantry decreases the average energy of the photon beam and increases the dose rate, leading to an impact on the quality of treatment plans.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to compare the quality of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment plans for esophageal cancer with and without a flattened filter photon beam.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this analytical study, 12 patients, who had already been treated with a 6X FF photon beam, were treated based on new IMRT methods using a 6X the flattening filter-free (FFF) photon beam. Both 6X FF IMRT and 6X FFF IMRT plans used identical beam parameters and planning objectives. All plans were evaluated with planning indices and doses for organs at risk (OARs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Insignificant dose variation was for HI, CI, D_98%, and V_95% between FF and FFF photon beam IMRT plans. FF-based IMRT plan delivered a 15.51 % and 11.27% higher mean dose to both lungs and heart than the FFF plan, respectively. The integral dose (ID) for the heart and lungs was 11.21% and 15.51%, respectively, less in the IMRT plan with an FFF photon beam.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In contrast to the FF photon beam, a filtered photon beam-oriented IMRT plan provides significant OAR sparing without losing the quality of the treatment plan. High monitor units (MUs), low ID, and Beam on Time (BOT) are major highlights of the IMRT plan with FFF beam.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"13 3","pages":"227-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/15/5d/JBPE-13-227.PMC10258210.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9631758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of Multi-Parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based on Radiomics Analysis for Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Lesions of Prostate.","authors":"Soheila Koopaei,&nbsp;Anahita Fathi Kazerooni,&nbsp;Mahyar Ghafoori,&nbsp;Mohamadreza Alviri,&nbsp;Fakhereh Pashaei,&nbsp;Hamidreza Saligheh Rad","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2008-1158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2008-1158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The most common cancer (non-cutaneous) malignancy among men is prostate cancer. Management of prostate cancer, including staging and treatment, playing an important role in decreasing mortality rates. Among all current diagnostic tools, multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) has shown high potential in localizing and staging prostate cancer. Quantification of mp-MRI helps to decrease the dependency of diagnosis on readers' opinions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this research is to set a method based on quantification of mp-MRI images for discrimination between benign and malignant prostatic lesions with fusion-guided MR imaging/transrectal ultrasonography biopsy as a pathology validation reference.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>It is an analytical research that 27 patients underwent the mp-MRI examination, including T1- and T2- weighted and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Quantification was done by calculating radiomic features from mp-MRI images. Receiver-operating-characteristic curve was done for each feature to evaluate the discriminatory capacity and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and leave-one-out cross-validation for feature filtering to estimate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the benign and malignant lesion differentiation process is used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 92.6%, 95.2% and 83.3%, respectively, were achieved from a subset of radiomics features obtained from T2-weighted images and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps for distinguishing benign and malignant prostate lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Quantification of mp-MRI (T2-weighted images and ADC-maps) based on radiomics feature has potential to distinguish benign with appropriate accuracy from malignant prostate lesions. This technique is helpful in preventing needless biopsies in patients and provides an assisted diagnosis for classifications of prostate lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"13 3","pages":"251-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f7/36/JBPE-13-251.PMC10258207.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9629723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Reactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in Astronauts with Dysregulated Immune Systems Can Negatively Affect the Odds of Success in Future Space Missions.","authors":"Joseph John Bevelacqua,&nbsp;Seyed Alireza Mortazavi,&nbsp;James S Welsh,&nbsp;Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2104-1321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2104-1321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have previously reported that during future space missions the risk of severe COVID-19 infection will be a cardinal issue that needs careful attention. Our studies show that even with the most reliable pre-mission screening and quarantine strategies, astronauts with a latent (hidden, inactive, or dormant) SARS-CoV-2 infection might be sent to space. Given this consideration, an asymptomatic individual with dormant SARS-CoV-2 infection may successfully pass all the pre-launch medical tests. Then during a space mission such as a journey to Mars or beyond, when the immune system of these astronauts starts to weaken, the dormant infection may progress to a severe infection that possibly affects the chance of the mission's success. The effects of microgravity and the elevated space radiation are two key factors that should be evaluated. Furthermore, the limited size of the spacecraft, the proximity of crew members during flight operations, spacecraft atmospheric composition, limited exercise capability, effects of viral response to space radiation, and uncertainty in the likelihood of the virus to mutate and evolve during a space mission merit additional study.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"13 3","pages":"297-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e8/3a/JBPE-13-297.PMC10258206.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9623608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compare the Effect of Traditional and Virtual Reality Training on Subjective-sense of Instability and Balance in Basketball-players with Functional Ankle Instability: Matched Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Niloofar Mohammadi,&nbsp;Mohammad-Reza Hadian,&nbsp;Gholam-Reza Olyaei","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2007-1146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2007-1146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Functional ankle instability (FAI) is a common injury. Traditional training improved the reported balance impairment and subjective sense of instability in athletes with FAI.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to compare the effects of traditional and virtual reality training on a subjective sense of instability and balance in athlete with FAI.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this single-blinded matched randomized clinical trial design, Fifty-four basketball players were randomly assigned in the virtual reality (n=27) or control (n=27) groups. All athletes performed 12 sessions Wii exercises or traditional training in the virtual reality and the control group, respectively, for three days a week. To assess the subjective-sense of instability and balance, we used Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) and Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), respectively. Measures were taken at pre- and post-test and one month after training as a follow-up. The between-group comparisons were done by the analysis of Covariance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the pre-test, the CAIT score was 22.37, 22.04 in the control and virtual reality groups, respectively and at the post-test, these scores increased to 26.63, 27.26. The involved limb showed significant differences in posteromedial and posterior directions of the SEBT and CAIT score in the post-test and in the posterior direction and CAIT score in the follow-up. The virtual reality group had better performance than the control group but the effect size is small (cohen's d<0.2).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on our results, both training protocols were effective in reducing the subjective-sense of instability and improved balance in athletes with FAI. Moreover, virtual reality training was very attractive for the participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"13 3","pages":"269-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c8/0b/JBPE-13-269.PMC10258205.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9623609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiotherapy Technology Education in Iran: A Year after the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Armin Hoveidaei","doi":"10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2105-1332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2105-1332","url":null,"abstract":"Received: 10 May 2021 Accepted: 23 May 2021 Dear Editor, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the latest global health threat recognized for the first time in December 2019. Social distancing was announced as the most effective strategy to control the pandemic until developing a treatment, vaccine, or both [1]. This announcement led to the universities making new rules affecting the medical profession education. In Iran, students experienced an unintended temporary pause in their education which was resumed by virtual learning. Students of Bachelor of Science in radiotherapy technology (BSc. RTT) were no exception. The major consists of two main stages, clinical and pre-clinical. While many clinical fields limited their activities to the treatment of emergency cases, RT was continued almost the same as pre-COVID-19 age, as it is a lifesaving treatment [2]. Thus the clinical-stage students of BSc. RTT had the ability to continue their learning and practice in less crowded rotation groups using personal protective equipment and the observance of social distancing. However, the theoretical content was provided through national virtual systems. The first three years, BSc. RTT are dedicated to the pre-clinical stage, including theoretical and practical courses. The universities of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) of Iran have developed a virtual learning platform delivering theoretical educational content through a National Learning Management System called NAVID. This free, unlimited learning system causes the instructors to monitor the students, reposit the medical contents, manage courses, take quizzes, and facilitate checking the students’ homework. Although there were some deficiencies in content preparation at the start of the pandemic, the professors of RTT adapted their educational system with the new infrastructures. In some other majors, such as medicine, Iran’s Virtual University of Medical Sciences (VUMS) provided national educational content for medical doctor (MD) students all around our country. However, this university has not provided much content for BSc. RTT students. Providing national content has considerable benefits, it costs less in both money and time, and avoids duplicate work. Students can learn from the country’s best professors in each field without regard to the university at which they are studying. Virtual Learning for Practical Courses Although virtual learning has its positive points, it is not without challenges. The most difficult challenges in BSc. RTT education are for practical courses. There is still a notable lack of virtual laboratories for this field. Most practical lessons have been postponed for the post-vaccination age. However, simultaneous learning of related theoretical and practical coursLetter to Editor","PeriodicalId":38035,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering","volume":"13 2","pages":"105-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/15/3f/JBPE-13-105.PMC10111105.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9739615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}